Haberin Kısa Tarihi: Ekonomi Politik Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Bu çalışma, haberleri tarihsel bir süreklilik içinde bir meta olarak ele alarak, erken modern dönemden yapay zeka çağına kadar bilgi üretiminin dönüşümünü ekonomi politik perspektiften incelemektedir. Araştırmanın temel tezi, haberlerin her zaman bir meta olarak var olduğu ve değişen tek şeyin meta haline getirilme biçimi olduğudur. Buna göre, çalışma, Marx’ın meta teorisi ve Mosco’nun iletişim politik ekonomisi çerçevesinden hareketle, 16. yüzyıl Venedik’inin ticari bilgi pazarından endüstriyel kapitalizmin kitle basınına, ardından dijital çağın platform kapitalizmine ve günümüzün üretken yapay zeka sistemlerine kadar uzanan tarihsel süreci analiz etmektedir. Tarihsel materyalist bir yönteme dayanan araştırma, haberlerin her dönemin egemen üretim ilişkilerinin şekillendirdiği bir meta olarak varlığını sürdürdüğünü, teknolojik koşulların değişmesinin ise metalaşmanın derinliğini ve biçimini dönüştürdüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. İzleyiciyi reklamcılara satan endüstriyel kapitalizmin reklam modeli, dijital çağın dikkat ekonomisi ve haber arşivlerini eğitim verilerine dönüştüren yapay zeka çağındaki sermaye tahsis uygulamaları, metalaşmanın bu sürekliliğinin ardışık aşamaları olarak analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma, haberlerin metalaşma tarihini yeniden inşa ederek gazetecilik etiği ile sermaye mantığı arasındaki yapısal gerilimi görünür kılmayı ve gazeteciliğin eleştirel bir anlayışının tarihsel temelini oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• haber
• medya
• gazetecilik tarihi
• ekonomi politik
• metalaşma

A Brief History of News: A Political Economic Assessment

Öz

This study examines the transformation of information production from the early modern period to the age of artificial intelligence from political economy perspective, treating news as a commodity within a historical continuum. The central thesis of the research is that news has always existed as a commodity, and that what has changed is only the form of commodification. Accordingly, the study analyzes the historical trajectory from the commercial information market of 16th-century Venice to the mass press of industrial capitalism, then to the platform capitalism of the digital age and today’s productive artificial intelligence systems, through the lens of Marx’s commodity theory and Mosco’s framework of the political economy of communication. Based on a historical materialist method, the research reveals that news continues to exist as a commodity shaped by the dominant production relations of each period, while changing technological conditions transform the depth and form of commodification. The advertising model of industrial capitalism, which sells the audience to advertisers, the attention economy of the digital age, and the practices of capital appropriation in the age of artificial intelligence, which transform news archives into training data, are analyzed as successive stages of this continuity of commodification. The study aims to make visible the structural tension between journalistic ethics and the logic of capital by reconstructing the history of news commodification and to establish a historical basis for a critical understanding of journalism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• news
• media
• history of journalism
• political economy
• commodification

Kaynakça

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