Meyve-sebze işleme atıklarından biyobozunur ambalaj materyali üretimi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 39 - 44, 29.09.2023

Beyzanur Yazıcı , Gülay Özkan , Esra Çapanoğlu Güven

Öz

Gıda israfı ve plastik ambalaj kullanımı günümüzün en önemli endişe kaynaklarındandır. Biyobozunur polimerlerden ambalaj üretimi petrol bazlı geleneksel plastiklerin sebep olduğu çevresel sorunlara potansiyel bir çözüm olarak görülmektedir. Son yıllarda plastik ambalajların kullanımının azaltılmasına yönelik duyarlılığın artmasıyla beraber, meyve ve sebze işleme atıklarının potansiyel
ambalaj materyali olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı konusundaki çalışmalar hızla artmıştır. Meyve ve sebze bazlı biyobozunur ambalaj malzemesi üretimi; ambalajların toksik olmaması, doğada kendiliğinden bozunabilmesi, petrol bazlı plastik ambalajların yerini alabilme potansiyeli sayesinde bilimsel araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Meyve ve sebze işleme atıklarından elde edilen filmlerin özelliklerinin plastik ambalajlar yerine kullanılabilecek şekilde geliştirilmesiyle hem plastik tüketiminin getirdiği çevresel olumsuzluklar azaltılabilecek hem de meyve-sebze işleme yan ürünleri değerlendirilmiş olacaktır. Bu derleme makalede gıdaların ambalajlanmasında petrol bazlı plastiklerin kullanımı, geleneksel plastiklerin yerini alabileceği araştırılan biyoplastiklerin kaynakları, meyve-sebze işleme endüstrisinde ortaya çıkan yan ürünlerin biyobozunur filmler olarak değerlendirilmesi, elde edilen ambalajların özellikleri ve ambalaj olarak kullanıldığı gıdalar üzerindeki etkileri hakkında yapılan çalışmalardan bahsedilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gıda atıkları, gıda ambalajlama, biyobozunur ambalaj, plastik

Production of biodegradable packaging material from fruit and vegetable processing waste

Öz

Food waste and plastic usage are the most important source of concern in today. Package production from biodegradable polymers is seen a potential solution for environmental problems that occur from petroleum-based conventional plastics. In recent years, with the increasing sensitivity to reduce the use of plastic packaging, studies on whether fruit and vegetable processing wastes are potential packaging materials have increased rapidly. The production of fruit and vegetable-based biodegradable packaging materials has been the subject of scientific research thanks to its non-toxicity, self-degradation in nature, and its potential to replace petroleum-based plastic packaging. By improving the properties of the films obtained from fruit and vegetable processing wastes in such a way that they can be used instead of plastic packaging, both the environmental negative effects of plastic consumption will be reduced and the fruit and vegetable processing by-products will be recovered. In this review, studies on the use of petroleum-based plastics in the packaging of foods, the sources of bioplastics that are researched to replace traditional plastics, the evaluation of by-products in the fruit-vegetable processing industry as biodegradable films, the properties of the obtained packaging and the effects on the foods used as packaging are mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Food waste, food packaging, biodegradable packaging, plastic

Kaynakça

• Ai, B., Zheng, L., Li, W., Zheng, X., Yang, Y., Xiao, D., & Sheng, Z. (2021). Biodegradable cellulose film prepared from banana pseudo-stem using an ionic liquid for mango preservation. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.625878
• Agarwal, A., Shaida, B., Rastogi, M., & Singh, N. B. (2023). Food packaging materials with special reference to biopolymers-properties and applications. Chemistry Africa, 6(1), 117-144.
• Ali, A., Chen, Y., Liu, H., Yu, L., Baloch, Z., Khalid, S., & Chen, L. (2019). Starch-based antimicrobial films functionalized by pomegranate peel. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 129, 1120-1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.068
• Alzate, A. S., Díaz Carrillo, Á. J., Flórez-López, E., & Grande-Tovar, C. D. (2021). Recovery of banana waste-loss from production and processing: a contribution to a circular economy. Molecules, 26(17), 5282. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175282
• Anonim. (2020). Coca-Cola Türkiye BitkiŞişeTM. Erişim adresi: https://www.coca-colaturkiye.com/surdurulebilirlik/bitkisise/
• Arıkan, E. B., & Bilgen, H. D. (2019). Production of bioplastic from potato peel waste and investigation of its biodegradability. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 3(2), 93-97. https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.420633
• Batori, V., Jabbari, M., Åkesson, D., Lennartsson, P. R., Taherzadeh, M. J., & Zamani, A. (2017). Production of pectin-cellulose biofilms: a new approach for citrus waste recycling. International Journal of Polymer Science. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9732329
• Borah, P. P., Das, P., & Badwaik, L. S. (2017). Ultrasound treated potato peel and sweet lime pomace based biopolymer film development. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 36, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.11.010
• de Brito Nogueira, T. B., da Silva, T. P. M., de Araújo Luiz, D., de Andrade, C. J., de Andrade, L. M., Ferreira, M. S. L., & Fai, A. E. C. (2020). Fruits and vegetable-processing waste: a case study in two markets at Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(15), 18530-18540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08244-y
• de Moraes Crizel, T., de Oliveira Rios, A., Alves, V. D., Bandarra, N., Moldão-Martins, M., & Flôres, S. H. (2018). Active food packaging prepared with chitosan and olive pomace. Food Hydrocolloids, 74, 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.08.007
• Ersus, S., Melikoğlu, A. Y., & Cesur, S. (2020). Production of biocomposite packaging materials from fruit juice processing wastes. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 10(1), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.528965
• Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., van Ottedijk, R., & Mey-beck, A. (2013). Global food losses and food waste: extent, caus-es and prevention. In: Interpack 2011 Düsseldorf: FAO.
• Günkaya, Z., Demirel, R., & Banar, M. (2016). Portakal kabuğu atıklarından üretilen biyokompozit ambalaj filminin aflatoksinlere karşı etkisinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(6), 513-519. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2016.92653
• Hanani, Z. N., Roos, Y. H., & Kerry, J. P. (2014). Use and application of gelatin as potential biodegradable packaging materials for food products. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 71, 94-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.027
• Hong, L. G., Yuhana, N. Y., & Zawawi, E. Z. E. (2021). Review of bioplastics as food packaging materials. AIMS Materials Science, 8(2), 166-184. https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2021012
• Javed, A., Ahmad, A., Tahir, A., Shabbir, U., Nouman, M., & Hameed, A. (2019). Potato peel waste-its nutraceutical, industrial and biotechnological applications. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 4(3), 807-823. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2019.3.807
• Kanatt, S. R., & Chawla, S. P. (2018). Shelf life extension of chicken packed in active film developed with mango peel extract. Journal of Food Safety, 38(1), e12385. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12385
• Lopes, J., Gonçalves, I., Nunes, C., Teixeira, B., Mendes, R., Ferreira, P., & Coimbra, M. A. (2021). Potato peel phenolics as additives for developing active starch-based films with potential to pack smoked fish fillets. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 28, 100644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100644
• Moshood, T. D., Nawanir, G., Mahmud, F., Mohamad, F., Ahmad, M. H., & AbdulGhani, A. (2022). Biodegradable plastic applications towards sustainability: A recent innovations in the green product. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 6, 100404.
• Narancic, T., Cerrone, F., Beagan, N., & O’Connor, K. E. (2020). Recent advances in bioplastics: application and biodegradation. Polymers, 12(4), 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040920
• Omre, P. K., & Shikhangi Singh, S. (2018). Waste utilization of fruits and vegetables-A review. South Asian Journal of Food Technology and Environment, 4(1), 605-615. https://doi.org/10.46370/sajfte.2018.v04i01.02
• Petersen, K., Nielsen, P. V., Bertelsen, G., Lawther, M., Olsen, M. B., Nilsson, N. H., & Mortensen, G. (1999). Potential of biobased materials for food packaging. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 10(2), 52-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(99)00019-9
• Pirsa, S., Karimi Sani, I., Pirouzifard, M. K., & Erfani, A. (2020). Smart film based on chitosan/Melissa officinalis essences/pomegranate peel extract to detect cream cheeses spoilage. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 37(4), 634-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2020.1716079
• Puligundla, P., Obulam, V. S. R., Oh, S. E., & Mok, C. (2014). Biotechnological potentialities and valorization of mango peel waste: A review. Sains Malaysiana, 43, 1901-1906. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2014-4312-12
• Rahmasari, Y. (2021). Ultrases işlemi uygulanarak hindistan cevizi kabuğu sıvı tütsüsü içeren zencefil nişastası bazlı yenilebilir filmlerin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu. [Doktora tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi].
• Scialabba, N. (2013). Food Wastage Footprint: Impacts on natural resources summary report. FAO; Food and Agricultural organization of the United Nations.
• Sepelev, I., & Galoburda, R. (2015). Industrial potato peel waste application in food production: a review. Research for Rural Development, 1, 130-136.
• Yalçın Melikoğlu, A. (2020). Elma posasında selüloz ve nanoselüloz takviye ajanlarının üretimi ve alçak yoğunluk polietilen esaslı biyobozunur gıda ambalaj malzemelerinin geliştirilmesinde kullanımı. [Doktora tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
• Yaradoddi, J. S., Banapurmath, N. R., Ganachari, S. V., Soudagar, M. E. M., Sajjan, A. M., Kamat, S., & Ali, M. A. (2022). Bio-based material from fruit waste of orange peel for industrial applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 17, 3186-3197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.016
• Zhang, H., & Sablani, S. (2021). Biodegradable packaging reinforced with plant-based food waste and by-products. Current Opinion in Food Science, 42, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2021.05.003