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The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site

Sayı: 17 6 Temmuz 2026
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The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site

Öz

This study evaluates the impact of using UAV-derived DSM data at different resolutions and with different rock block geometries on 3D rockfall modeling, a widely used approach in rockfall simulations. The study area, the Başköy settlement, is an active, rockfall-prone region and has been officially declared a disaster area due to ongoing rockfall events. The main objective of this study is to understand the effects of UAV-derived DSM data with resolutions of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 1 m, together with the use of rock blocks of different geometries, on 3D rockfall simulations. EOTA, Equant, and Elongated rock blocks were used in the study, and the volumetric and weight characteristics of these rock blocks were numerically similar to each other to some extent. A total of 9 rockfall models were carried out using the RAMMS::Rockfall software. During the modeling process, 50 rock blocks were simulated from each source zone, for a total of 20,000. As outputs of the modeling, kinetic energy (kJ), velocity (m/s), jump height (m), and number of deposited rocks were obtained. Accordingly, the highest velocity and kinetic energy values were obtained using the 25 cm resolution DSM data, whereas the highest jump height value was only observed for the Equant rock block in the 50 cm DSM dataset. The lowest values were obtained from the 1 m DSM dataset because of its smoother, less detailed topographic representation. Using 4,299 fallen rock blocks identified from the orthomosaic data, the relationships among different “number of deposited rocks” datasets, heat maps, and modeled rock blocks were validated using distance-based analysis. Based on these analyses, the 50 cm DSM resolution and the Elongated block type produced the most accurate results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

3D Rockfall modeling, UAV-DSM, Different resolution, Block geometry, Rockfalls

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) under Grant Number 125Y054. The authors thank TUBITAK for their support.

Proje Numarası

125Y054

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that the study was conducted in accordance with the relevant ethical standards.

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

APA
Utlu, M., Akgümüş, M. F., & Akın, M. (2026). The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site. Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 17. https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1955333
AMA
1.Utlu M, Akgümüş MF, Akın M. The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site. JADER. 2026;(17). doi:10.46453/jader.1955333
Chicago
Utlu, Mustafa, Mehmet Fatih Akgümüş, ve Mutluhan Akın. 2026. “The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site”. Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi, sy 17. https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1955333.
EndNote
Utlu M, Akgümüş MF, Akın M (01 Temmuz 2026) The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site. Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi 17
IEEE
[1]M. Utlu, M. F. Akgümüş, ve M. Akın, “The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site”, JADER, sy 17, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.46453/jader.1955333.
ISNAD
Utlu, Mustafa - Akgümüş, Mehmet Fatih - Akın, Mutluhan. “The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site”. Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 17 (01 Temmuz 2026). https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1955333.
JAMA
1.Utlu M, Akgümüş MF, Akın M. The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site. JADER. 2026. doi:10.46453/jader.1955333.
MLA
Utlu, Mustafa, vd. “The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site”. Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi, sy 17, Temmuz 2026, doi:10.46453/jader.1955333.
Vancouver
1.Mustafa Utlu, Mehmet Fatih Akgümüş, Mutluhan Akın. The Impact of DSM Resolutİon and Block Geometry on 3D Rockfall Modeling: The Case of Başköy Heritage Site. JADER. 01 Temmuz 2026;(17). doi:10.46453/jader.1955333