Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage

Digital International Journal of Architecture, Arts & Heritage (JAH) is a scholarly peer-refereed journal serving the needs and goals of development and resilience in Architecture, Arts and Heritage-related fields, which is published quarterly (4 issues per year) and digitally. Our journal is open access and accepts articles in Turkish, English and Arabic.

 JAH offers a platform where it can be published in digital formats such as video, film, simulation, with targeted educational dissemination and teaching aimed at interaction between academia and civil society

Contributions should be prepared strictly in line with the instructions for authors. Please download the paper template Paper Template and Instructions.

Format

Article files should be provided in Microsoft Word format

Copyright Form

While you are welcome to submit a PDF of the document alongside the Word file, PDFs alone are not acceptable. LaTeX files can also be used but only if an accompanying PDF document is provided. Acceptable figure file types are listed further below.

Article length / word count

Articles should be up to a maximum of 10000 words in length. This includes all text, for example, the structured abstract, references, all text in tables, and figures and appendices.



Please allow 280 words for each figure or table.

Article title

A concisely worded title should be provided.

Author details

The names of all contributing authors should be added to the ScholarOne submission; please list them in the order in which you’d like them to be published. Each contributing author will need their own ScholarOne author account, from which we will extract the following details:

Author email address (institutional preferred).

Author name. We will reproduce it exactly, so any middle names and/or initials they want featured must be included.

Author affiliation. This should be where they were based when the research for the paper was conducted.

In multi-authored papers, it’s important that ALL authors that have made a significant contribution to the paper are listed. Those who have provided support but have not contributed to the research should be featured in an acknowledgements section. You should never include people who have not contributed to the paper or who don’t want to be associated with the research. Read about our research ethics for authorship.

Biographies and acknowledgements

If you want to include these items, save them in a separate Microsoft Word document and upload the file with your submission. Where they are included, a brief professional biography of not more than 100 words should be supplied for each named author.

Research funding

Your article must reference all sources of external research funding in the acknowledgements section. You should describe the role of the funder or financial sponsor in the entire research process, from study design to submission.

Structured abstract

All submissions must include a structured abstract, following the format outlined below.

These four sub-headings and their accompanying explanations must always be included:

Purpose

Design/methodology/approach

Findings

Originality

The following three sub-headings are optional and can be included, if applicable:

Research limitations/implications

Practical implications

Social implications


You can find some useful tips in our write an article abstract how-to guide.

The maximum length of your abstract should be 250 words in total, excluding keywords and article classification (see the sections below).

Keywords

Your submission should include up to 12 appropriate and short keywords that capture the principal topics of the paper. Our Creating an SEO-friendly manuscript how to guide contains some practical guidance on choosing search-engine friendly keywords.

Please note, while we will always try to use the keywords you’ve suggested, the in-house editorial team may replace some of them with matching terms to ensure consistency across publications and improve your article’s visibility.

Article classification

During the submission process, you will be asked to select a type for your paper; the options are listed below. If you don’t see an exact match, please choose the best fit:

You will also be asked to select a category for your paper. The options for this are listed below. If you don’t see an exact match, please choose the best fit:

Research paper. Reports on any type of research undertaken by the author(s), including:

The construction or testing of a model or framework

Action research

Testing of data, market research or surveys

Empirical, scientific or clinical research

Papers with a practical focus

Viewpoint. Covers any paper where content is dependent on the author's opinion and interpretation. This includes journalistic and magazine-style pieces.

Technical paper. Describes and evaluates technical products, processes or services.

Conceptual paper. Focuses on developing hypotheses and is usually discursive. Covers philosophical discussions and comparative studies of other authors’ work and thinking.

Case study. Describes actual interventions or experiences within organizations. It can be subjective and doesn’t generally report on research. Also covers a description of a legal case or a hypothetical case study used as a teaching exercise.

Literature review. This category should only be used if the main purpose of the paper is to annotate and/or critique the literature in a particular field. It could be a selective bibliography providing advice on information sources, or the paper may aim to cover the main contributors to the development of a topic and explore their different views.

General review. Provides an overview or historical examination of some concept, technique or phenomenon. Papers are likely to be more descriptive or instructional (‘how to’ papers) than discursive.

Headings

Headings must be concise, with a clear indication of the required hierarchy.

The preferred format is for first level headings to be in bold, and subsequent sub-headings to be in medium italics.

Notes/endnotes

Notes or endnotes should only be used if absolutely necessary. They should be identified in the text by consecutive numbers enclosed in square brackets. These numbers should then be listed, and explained, at the end of the article.

Figures

All figures (charts, diagrams, line drawings, webpages/screenshots, and photographic images) should be submitted electronically. Both colour and black and white files are accepted.

There are a few other important points to note:

All figures should be supplied at the highest resolution/quality possible with numbers and text clearly legible.

Acceptable formats are .ai, .eps, .jpeg, .bmp, and .tif.

Electronic figures created in other applications should be supplied in their original formats and should also be either copied and pasted into a blank MS Word document, or submitted as a PDF file.

All figures should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals and have clear captions.

All photographs should be numbered as Plate 1, 2, 3, etc. and have clear captions.

Tables

Tables should be typed and submitted in a separate file to the main body of the article. The position of each table should be clearly labelled in the main body of the article with corresponding labels clearly shown in the table file. Tables should be numbered consecutively in Roman numerals (e.g. I, II, etc.).

Give each table a brief title. Ensure that any superscripts or asterisks are shown next to the relevant items and have explanations displayed as footnotes to the table, figure or plate.

References

All references in your manuscript must be formatted using APA  styles. You are welcome to use the Harvard style Emerald has adopted – we’ve provided a detailed guide below. Want to use a different Harvard style? That’s fine, our typesetters will make any necessary changes to your manuscript if it is accepted. Please ensure you check all your citations for completeness, accuracy and consistency.

Emerald’s Harvard referencing style

References to other publications in your text should be written as follows:

Single author: (Adams, 2006)

Two authors: (Adams and Brown, 2006)

Three or more authors: (Adams et al., 2006) Please note, ‘et al' should always be written in italics.

A few other style points. These apply to both the main body of text and your final list of references.

When referring to pages in a publication, use ‘p.(page number)’ for a single page or ‘pp.(page numbers)’ to indicate a page range.

Page numbers should always be written out in full, e.g. 175-179, not 175-9.

Where a colon or dash appears in the title of an article or book chapter, the letter that follows that colon or dash should always be lower case.

When citing a work with multiple editors, use the abbreviation ‘Ed.s’.

At the end of your paper, please supply a reference list in alphabetical order using the style guidelines below. Where a DOI is available, this should be included at the end of the reference.

For books

Surname, initials (year), title of book, publisher, place of publication.

e.g. Harrow, R. (2005), No Place to Hide, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.

For book chapters

Surname, initials (year), "chapter title", editor's surname, initials (Ed.), title of book, publisher, place of publication, page numbers.

e.g. Calabrese, F.A. (2005), "The early pathways: theory to practice – a continuum", Stankosky, M. (Ed.), Creating the Discipline of Knowledge Management, Elsevier, New York, NY, pp.15-20.

For journals

Surname, initials (year), "title of article", journal name, volume issue, page numbers.

e.g. Capizzi, M.T. and Ferguson, R. (2005), "Loyalty trends for the twenty-first century", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp.72-80.

For published
conference proceedings

Surname, initials (year of publication), "title of paper", in editor’s surname, initials (Ed.), title of published proceeding which may include place and date(s) held, publisher, place of publication, page numbers.

e.g. Wilde, S. and Cox, C. (2008), “Principal factors contributing to the competitiveness of tourism destinations at varying stages of development”, in Richardson, S., Fredline, L., Patiar A., & Ternel, M. (Ed.s), CAUTHE 2008: Where the 'bloody hell' are we?, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, pp.115-118.

For unpublished
conference proceedings

Surname, initials (year), "title of paper", paper presented at [name of conference], [date of conference], [place of conference], available at: URL if freely available on the internet (accessed date).

e.g. Aumueller, D. (2005), "Semantic authoring and retrieval within a wiki", paper presented at the European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), 29 May-1 June, Heraklion, Crete, available at: http://dbs.uni-leipzig.de/file/aumueller05wiksar.pdf (accessed 20 February 2007).

For working papers

Surname, initials (year), "title of article", working paper [number if available], institution or organization, place of organization, date.

e.g. Moizer, P. (2003), "How published academic research can inform policy decisions: the case of mandatory rotation of audit appointments", working paper, Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, 28 March.

For encyclopaedia entries
(with no author or editor)

Title of encyclopaedia (year), "title of entry", volume, edition, title of encyclopaedia, publisher, place of publication, page numbers.

e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1926), "Psychology of culture contact", Vol. 1, 13th ed., Encyclopaedia Britannica, London and New York, NY, pp.765-771.

(for authored entries, please refer to book chapter guidelines above)

For newspaper
articles (authored)

Surname, initials (year), "article title", newspaper, date, page numbers.

e.g. Smith, A. (2008), "Money for old rope", Daily News, 21 January, pp.1, 3-4.

For newspaper
articles (non-authored)

Newspaper (year), "article title", date, page numbers.

e.g. Daily News (2008), "Small change", 2 February, p.7.

For archival or other unpublished sources

Surname, initials (year), "title of document", unpublished manuscript, collection name, inventory record, name of archive, location of archive.

e.g. Litman, S. (1902), "Mechanism & Technique of Commerce", unpublished manuscript, Simon Litman Papers, Record series 9/5/29 Box 3, University of Illinois Archives, Urbana-Champaign, IL.

For electronic sources

If available online, the full URL should be supplied at the end of the reference, as well as the date that the resource was accessed.

Surname, initials (year), “title of electronic source”, available at: persistent URL (accessed date month year).

e.g. Weida, S. and Stolley, K. (2013), “Developing strong thesis statements”, available at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/588/1/ (accessed 20 June 2018)

Standalone URLs, i.e. those without an author or date, should be included either inside parentheses within the main text, or preferably set as a note (Roman numeral within square brackets within text followed by the full URL address at the end of the paper).

For data

Surname, initials (year), title of dataset, name of data repository, available at: persistent URL, (accessed date month year).

e.g. Campbell, A. and Kahn, R.L. (2015), American National Election Study, 1948, ICPSR07218-v4, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (distributor), Ann Arbor, MI, available at: https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07218.v4 (accessed 20 June 2018)

• Author(s) must ensure the accuracy and truthfulness of the data used in the study; keeping records of research processes and procedures neatly; and providing the relevant raw data and/or information, in case it is required by the editorial and scientific boards.
• Authors need to ensure that their manuscript has not been published elsewhere or has not been accepted for publication in any other peer-reviewed journal.
• People who have not contributed to the study at the intellectual level should not be indicated/assigned as authors.
• Authors have to follow the related national and international rules and regulations, if their studies include animal and/or human subjects (for example, WMA Helsinki Declaration, PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, The EU Directive on the Use of Animals); to prove that the necessary permissions and approvals are provided; to respect the privacy of subjects/participants.
• If the manuscripts submitted to be published are subject of conflicting interests or relations, these must be shared with the editor and the publisher. If it is seen necessary, providing and annex or error proclaim or withdrawing the manuscript.
• During the peer reviewing processes, authors might be required to provide the raw data they used in their studies to the Editorial Board. So, they are expected to share the relevant data with the Editorial Board and to keep safe all relevant to data at least for five years.
• Author(s) bears the responsibility to inform the editor of the journal or publisher if they happen to notice a mistake in their study which is in early release or publication process and to cooperate with the editors during the correction or withdrawal process.

Note: In accordance with the decision of the ULAKBIM (Turkish National Academic Network and Information Centre), all manuscripts submitted to JAH, which use data provided by human subjects/participants, required to ensure that they have already went under an investigation and gained the relevant Ethics Committee’s approval. The name of the Ethics Committee, the date of the decision and the relevant decision number should be stated in the cover page, methods section and the last page of the manuscript. In order not to harm the blind reviewing processes, this information should only be included in the manuscript in its last version after its acceptance for the publication. The authors also required to provide evidence (ie, getting permissions from the relevant persons or bodies, when using questionnaires, scales, photos or documents developed by others or belong to others) that they obeyed the ethical rules and regulations during the data collection processes. Further, it must also be stated in the manuscripts that the authors followed the relevant publication ethics and copyrights policies. If the study includes human and animal subjects, it must be stated that the research conducted in accordance with international guidance, rules, regulations and standards. The authors are not required to submit and Ethics Committee approval, if the only submits a compilation study. In case of this, it must be stated on the first and last pages of the manuscripts an in the methods section that the current study does not require an Ethics Committee approval. The manuscripts including case reports should also provide the information that an informed consent form was read, approved and signed by the participants.
Ethical Duties and Responsibilities of the Editor
The editor and field editors of JAH should hold the following ethical responsibilities that are based on the guides "COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" published as open Access by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). These can be accessed on the link below: https://publicationethics.org/files/Code_of_conduct_for_journal_editors_Mar11.pdf)
• While fulfilling editorial duties and responsibilities, adopting balanced and objective behaviors; and approaching the authors fairly without discriminating anyone on the grounds of her/his gender, religious belief, political standpoint, ethnic background or nationality.
• Evaluating the manuscripts sent to JAH on the basis of the “manuscript submission guidelines”, the significance of the study and its originality, and if she/he decides to reject a manuscript after the editorial evaluation, inform the authors the rationale behind this decision clearly and objectively. Informing authors and allocating the necessary time for amendment, if she/he decides that a manuscript needs a thorough revision as a result of several typesetting,, punctuation, writing and layout errors as well as some problems related to the referencing system.
• Taking the necessary cautions and assessing the demands from both sides, if there is a conflict of interests.
• Assessing and evaluating the works submitted to JAH on the basis of their content, without providing privilege to any of them.
• Ensuring that all manuscripts go through a blind peer-reviewing process and the authors do not know anything about the reviewers nor do the reviewers have any information related to the authors.
• Handling sponsored research or studies on special topics in the way that all other manuscripts go through.
• Supporting the authors’ freedom of expression.
• If the authors demand information about their manuscripts, carefully informing them about the processes and state of their manuscripts without breaching the rules and regulations related to blind peer-reviewing processes.
• Continuously updating the manuscript template presenting and explaining what have been expected from the authors.
• Ensuring that all the published papers include the dates of sending and acceptance.
• Endeavoring to improve the quality of the journal and contribute its development.
• If there is a complaint about the breaching an ethical principle, taking the necessary action in accordance with JAH’s relevant policies and procedures. Providing the authors the necessary opportunities to answer the complaints addressed to their manuscript or to defend themselves; and imposing the relevant sanctions fairly and objectively.
• Inviting the reviewers to express that they do not have any conflict of interest with the author(s) of a manuscript before starting to review it.
• Renewing and expanding the number of reviewers while keeping their areas of expertise or specialities in mind.
• Excluding those reviewers who do not fulfil their duties on time or provide feedback and comments being impolite and lacking of quality.
• Rejecting a manuscript which is not appropriate to JAH’s aims and scope.
• Finding and assigning new members for the Editorial Board, who have the potentials to contribute its development.
• Informing the new members of the Editorial Board in relation with JAH’s manuscript submission guide; explaining them about what is expected from a member of the Editorial Board; and informing them about their responsibilities.
• Reviewing the critics/criticism about the journal and answering them, if it is seen necessary.
Ethical Responsibilities of the Reviewers
The fact that all manuscripts are reviewed through "Blind Double Review" has a direct influence on the publication quality. This process ensures confidentiality by objective and independent review. The review process at JAH is carried out on the principle of double-blind review. Neither the reviewers know and/or contact the authors directly, nor do the authors have any information related to the reviewers. The reviews and comments are conveyed through the journal management system. In this process, the reviewer views on the evaluation forms and full texts are assigned to the author(s) by the editor. Therefore, the reviewers doing review work for JAH are supposed to bear the ethical responsibilities listed below. Reviewers must;
• In order to assist the editor in decision-making procedures, agree to review only those works in their subject of expertise and review the manuscript sent them fairly, objectively and on time.
• Fill in the relevant ‘Reviewer Evaluation Form’ and ensure that any information related to her/his (the reviewer) identity has not been reflected to the form. Indicating her/his decision in respect of whether the manuscript should be accepted for publication or not along with the justification of this decision.
• Review the manuscript objectively and only in terms of its content and ensure that nationality, gender, religious and political beliefs, and economic apprehension do not influence the review.
• Rigorously review a manuscript in an unbiased and confidential manner and provide the relevant feedback to improve its quality.
• Review the manuscript in a constructive and kind tone, avoid making personal comments including hostility, slander and insult. If it is seen that the reviewers’ comments do not have a scientific quality, they might be invited to revise their assessment and feedback.
• Review only the content of a manuscript objectively.
• Protect the privacy of information provided them by the editor or the author(s) and destroy the manuscript after the review processes.
• Inform the editor of the journal if they think that they encounter a problem that may harm the double-blind review process and decline to review the manuscript during the review process.
• Dispose the manuscripts they have reviewed in accordance with the principle of confidentiality after the review process. Reviewers can use the final versions of the manuscripts they have reviewed only after publication.
• Be aware of the potential conflict of interests (financial, institutional, collaborative or those between the authors or related to other relationships), and warn the editor to withdraw the relevant manuscript from the review process.
Ethical Responsibilities of the Publisher
• Alike all other stakeholders, the publisher also has to obey the ethical principles and behave accordingly.
• The publisher bears all the responsibility to take precautions against scientific abuse, fraud and plagiarism.
• The publisher protects the intellectual property rights of all the articles published in JAH and holds the responsibility of keeping a record of each published product.
• The publisher accepts that the editor and editorial board entitled to make all the decisions related to reviewing, editorial and publication processes.
• All stakeholders should not hesitate to contact the publisher, if they see or recognise any unethical conduct or behaviour.
Plagiarism Policy
İntentionally or not, plagiarism means breaching of research ethics. Publishing a piece of work having similar or the same content with other studies without citing them is an ethical misconduct as well as being an offense against law. The editorial board has the rights to act in accordance with COPE’s rules and regulations in case of any claim related to a manuscript having plagiarism, referencing manipulation and/or data forgery. The authors are required to send their plagiarism reports to jah@aybu.edu.tr when they submit their manuscripts to JAH. The manuscripts having correspondences with other studies over 15% will be sent back to their authors without the initiation of the peer-review policy. The authors may submit their manuscripts after ensuring that the correspondence report of their respective manuscripts shows less than 25% similarity.
Misconduct of Scientific Research and Publication Ethics
• Plagiarism: Using other persons’ original thoughts, methods, data or products without citing the original sources or presenting another person’s work as one’s own partially or as a whole;
• Forgery: Using data that does not actually exists or being distorted;
• Distortion: Distorting, spoiling or corrupting research records or data; Claiming that some tools or materials have been used in the research that are not actually been utilised for the study. Altering, distorting or shaping the research results to fit in the interests of those persons or institutions supporting the research;
• Duplication: Using the same research data in more than one piece of work;
• Slicing: Dividing the results of a research into several pieces that violates its integrity of it and then publishing them as a separate research paper;
• Undeserved authorship: Indicating those persons as authors who did not actively contributed to the production of the manuscript or not indicating the ones that actually contributed to the study in question. Changing the order of the author names inappropriately and unnecessarily;
• Not indicating/including the relevant information about persons/institutions/organisations supporting the research and their support;
• Citing those dissertations/theses or papers that have not yet been submitted or published;
• Not following the ethical rules and regulations and/or not obtaining the necessary permissions before conducting a research involving human and/or animal subjects. Not respecting patients’ rights, giving harm to animals’ health and ecological balance;
• The misuse or abuse of resources, places, means and tools have been provided/allocated for the research;
• Proclaiming misleading/fallacious information related to scientific research and publications.
Transfer of the Copy Rights
• The manuscripts send to JAH for publication should not be published or send for publication elsewhere. During the process of manuscript submission, the authors are required to declare that it has not been published or submitted for publication in any other means. Otherwise, the authors will be responsible for the consequences.
• The authors are expected to transfer the copyrights to JAH while submitting their studies. This transfer agreement comes into force after the acceptance of the manuscript for publication. The published material may not be used elsewhere without the permission of the publisher.
• The authors may continue to have the rights of publishing the content of the manuscript in their personal websites, or in their institutions’ open access archives; they may produce copies of the manuscript for personal use, and they may use its content in their other works in par tor as a whole by citing it aptly.
• While using tables, figures and other kinds of verbal and/or visual materials published within the content of a manuscript either in paper-based or in electronic format, the authors are required to obtain permissions from the copy rights holder. The authors are obliged to legal, financial and penal responsibilities related to this issue.
• Authors planning to submit a manuscript to JAH are supposed to fill in “Copy Rights Transfer Agreement”. Then sign it with original signature, scan the signed form and send it back to JAH through email: jah@aybu.edu.tr .
Conflict of Interests
• Matters in which persons or groups benefit economically or personally may also cause conflict of interests. The reliability of scientific research and published papers is partly related to objectively handling of the conflicts of interests in the processes of planning, applying, writing, assessing, revising and publishing of them.
• Financial relations might include the most easily defined conflicts of interests, which may inevitably influence the reliability of the journal as well as the authors in a negative way. , These conflicts may arise from various issues including inter-personal relationships, academic competition or intellectual approaches. The authors may want to avoid from those sponsors, either commercial or non-profit ones, that may restrict access to all study data or propose to interfere the processes of data analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, publication and etc.
• In order to prevent conflict of interests, the editors may try not to assign certain people as reviewers of certain manuscripts submitted by some certain authors The editor giving the final decision about a manuscript should ensure that she/he does not have a personal or financial relation with the relevant author(s).
• In order to make the reviewing processes independent of any unethical conduct, the authors are expected to inform the editorial board in case of a potential conflict of interests.
• The editorial board of JAH promises to consider all these possibilities and strive to make the reviewing process as objective as possible.
Open Access Policy
Aiming to support the idea of accessing information through the easiest way, JAH adopts open access policy and supports the idea of requiring peer-reviewed journals to become open access appearing in Budapest Open Access Initiative signed on September 12, 2012.
Budapest Open Access Initiative defines the concept of “open access” as [peer reviewed works’] “… free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.” In thinking of sharing knowledge/information in the expansion of scientific developments, open-access policies promise a great potential for researchers and readers. Based on this perspective, JAH invites its readers to freely access and use its published works by referring their sources and authors. The readers do not need to obtain permission from the authors or the publisher.
Creative Commons
A Creative Commons licence means that a material with copyrights may freely be accessed and used by other parties. If an author wants to share her/his work with others, providing them to make changes or amendments in its content, she/he uses a CC licence.
All articles published JAH are licensed with “Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International CC BY-NC-ND)”. This license entitles all parties to use a scientific work a non-profit purpose under the condition of providing references.
Open access is an approach that eases the interdisciplinary communication and encourages cooperation among different disciplines. Therefore, JAH contributes to field of education and teacher training by providing more access to its articles and a more transparent review process.
The publication processes of JAH are executed in accordance with the manuals of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), National Information Standards Organization (NISO, Council of Science Editors (CSE) and European Association of Science Editors (EASE).
The Processes of Reviewing and Publishing Manuscripts
The reviewing process of the manuscripts sent to JAH proceeds following these steps:
1. The manuscript is reviewed by the Editor to see whether its aims, subject, content, and style of writing fits the requirements of JAH (Maximum 10 days). The manuscript approved by the Editor, send to Field Editor. Other manuscripts not approved by the Editor send back to their authors/owners for revision and resubmission
2. The examination/review of the Field Editor results in the decision of either sending the manuscript to reviewers or returning them back to their authors/owners for revision (Maximum 10 days).
3. The selection processes of referees based on expertise and experience in the relevant field. The referees are given 20 days to review a manuscript sent them.
4. If a reviewer thinks that she/he cannot complete the reviewing process within the given time, she/he can ask the Editor for extra time or let the Editor know that she/he is not being able to review the manuscript due to various reasons, such as the shortage of time. Doing these things help the Editor to assign new reviewers without losing too much time.
5. If a reviewer cannot review the manuscript assigned to her/him within the given scope of time, she/he is sent a reminder e-mail with an additional 10 days for completing the reviewing process. If she/he does not return the reviewed manuscripts within the additional time, that manuscript may withdraw from her/him. After then, it is assigned to another referee.
6. If there is a divergence of opinion between the two reviewers (one accepting the manuscript and the other rejecting it), the field editor examines the review reports, compares and contrasts the reviewers’ critics and viewpoints, as well as their reasoning to arrive at a decision.
7. If the Field Editor may not arrive at a decision after examining the reviewer reports, then the manuscript is assigned to a third reviewer.
8. The decision for a manuscript is supposed to be given within the first 90-120 days. Then the authors are informed about the decision. The accepted papers are to be published in the following issue of JAH.

JAH does not require any subscription or publication fee or any other type of payment for accessing and/or using electronic information sources.