BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF AVOCADO AND ITS HEALTH EFFECTS

Öz

Avocados belong to the Plantae kingdom, the Lauraceae family, the order Laurales, the genus Persea, and the species P. americana. It is a plant-derived food which is implicated in various health-promoting and disease preventive effects. Therefore, it is considered a superfood. Avocado fruit pulp and peel, leaves and seeds are rich in both nutritive, such as vitamins, dietary fibers, and mineral and bioactive compounds, polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols and sterols. While carotenoids and tocopherols are mostly found in the fruit pulp, polyphenols are widely present in the fruit pulp and peel, seeds and leaves. Avocado fruit's seed (16%) and peel (11%) are consisted of 21-30% of the fruit as a solid waste except in some varieties. The rich bioactive compounds of avocado exhibited important biological activities in in vitro and in vivo studies, suggesting possible prevention against several diseases such as hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, obesity, hyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activity etc. Therefore, its effect on diseases has become a subject of interest in the literature. It was reported that the seed, peel and leaf of the fruit, especially from the avocado waste, have larvicidal, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiprotozoal, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hypercholesterolemic and antimycobacterial activities such as stopping/slowing down many diseases. In this review, avocado tree; the bioactive components of the fruit pulp and peel, leaves and seeds and the effects of these components on health will be examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avocado
• Bioactive Components
• Metabolic Syndrome
• By-Products.

AVOKADONUN BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞENLERİ VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Avokado, Plantae krallığına, Lauraceae ailesine, Laurales takımına, Persea cinsine ve P. americana türüne ait bir bitkidir. İçeriğindeki zengin biyoaktif bileşenlerin ve besin öğelerinin sağlık üzerine yararlı etkileri olduğu bilinen ve süper gıda olarak kabul edilen bitkisel kaynaklı bir gıdadır. Avokado ağacının; meyvesinin eti ve kabuğu, yaprağı ve çekirdeği zengin biyoaktif bileşenler içermektedir. Meyve çekirdeği (%16) ve kabuğu (%11) bazı çeşitlerde istisnalar olmak üzere meyvenin %21-30’unu temsil eden miktarlarda katı atık oluşturmaktadır. Avokadoda en yaygın bulunan biyoaktif bileşenler polifenoller, karotenoitler, tokoferoller ve sterollerdir. Polifenoller meyve eti, kabuk, tohum ve yapraklarda; karotenoitler ve tokoferoller ise avokado meyvesinin etinde bulunmaktadır. Avokadonun zengin biyoaktif içeriğinin metabolik sendrom hastalıklarına, hipoglisemik, antihipertansif, antioksidan, obezite, hiperlipidemik, antimikrobiyal, antiprotozoal ve antimikobakteriyel vb. hastalıklara etkisi literatürde ilgi çeken bir konu haline gelmiştir. Özellikle avokado atıklarından çekirdeğinin, meyvesinin kabuğunun ve yaprağının larvisidal, antifungal, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antiprotozoal, antidiyabetik, antihipertansif, hiperkolesterolemik ve antimikobakteriyel aktiviteler gibi birçok hastalığı durdurucu/yavaşlatıcı etkisinin olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, avokado ağacının; meyvesinin eti ve kabuğunun, yaprağının ve çekirdeğinin biyoaktif bileşenleri ve bu bileşenlerin sağlık üzerine etkileri incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avokado
• Biyoaktif Bileşenler
• Metabolik Sendrom
• Yan Ürünler.

Kaynakça

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