İstanbul İçin Öneri: Yeşil Altyapı Sistemi

Öz

Kentleşmenin artması ve kentin hızla yayılması, genellikle şehirlerin doğal ekosistemlerinin tahrip olmasına ve ekosistem işlevlerinin bozulmasına yol açmaktadır. Yeşil-mavi altyapı, kentsel planlamada sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yeşil altyapı, topluma ekolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal-kültürel fayda sağlayan yeşil-mavi alanlardan oluşan birbirine bağlı ağ sistemidir. Özellikle İstanbul gibi kentleşmenin yoğun olduğu mega şehirlerde gerek doğal ekosistemler üzerinde kentleşme baskıların azaltılması, gerekse kentsel ara yüzde yeşil alan ihtiyacının karşılanmasında, yeşil alan ve yeşil koridorlar önemli yer tutmaktadır. Yeşil altyapı sistemi, kentlerde peyzajın esnek olması, yeşil alan planlama geleneklerinin farklı olması, yeşil alan koruma ve kullanım kültürünün farklılaşması, ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyinden etkilenerek farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, İstanbul için öneri yeşil altyapı sistemi geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, literatürden elde edilen yeşil altyapı kavramı, kentsel yeşil sistemler, yeşil altyapının kökeni, bölgeler arası yeşil altyapı politikaları, yeşil altyapı unsurlarının analizleri sonucunda İstanbul için yeşil altyapı sisteminde yer alacak unsurlar tayin edilmiştir. Yeşil altyapı sisteminde yer alan doğal bileşenler alansal olarak belirlenmiştir. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ortamında üretilmiş veri setleri kullanılmıştır. İstanbul’un yeşil altyapı sistemi; mevcut geniş ekolojik ekosistemleri; potansiyel ekolojik alanları; bağlantı için geniş yeşil koridorları içermektedir. Mevcut yeşil altyapı alanlarında; ekolojik açıdan önemli büyük doğal alanlar, doğal ve rekreasyon değeri olan kentsel yeşil alanlar bulunmaktadır. Potansiyel yeşil altyapı alanları; işlevini yitirmiş veya ekolojik özelliklerini koruyan kentsel yeşil alan potansiyeli olan alanları kapsamaktadır. İstanbul’da çok sayıda akarsu havzasının bulunmasından dolayı vadi ve dereler önemli yeşil koridorları oluşturmaktadır. Sonuçta potansiyel alanlar geniş alanlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu alanların mekansal olarak eklenmesi kentsel alan içinde yeşil alan eksikliği önemli derecede giderecektir. Vadi ve derelerin yeşil koridor olarak planlanması bağlantı özelliği ile yeşil altyapı sisteminin etkinliğini artıracaktır. Mevcut ekosistemlerin korunması, potansiyel alanların iyileştirilerek eklenmesi ve planlı yeşil ağlar aracılığıyla ekosistem işlevlerinin dayanıklılığının artmasını, doğal ekosistemlerin sürekliliğini ve kentsel açık yeşil alan miktarının artmasını sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir kentsel planlama
• doğal ekosistemler
• kentsel yeşil alan
• yeşil koridor
• İstanbul

Proposal for Istanbul: Green Infrastructure System

Öz

Increasing urbanization and rapid urban sprawl often lead to the destruction of cities' natural ecosystems and the deterioration of ecosystem functions. Green-blue infrastructure is considered a sustainable approach to urban planning. Green infrastructure is an interconnected network of green-blue spaces that provides ecological, economic, and social-cultural benefits to society. Especially in densely urbanized megacities like Istanbul, green spaces and green corridors play a crucial role in both reducing urbanization pressures on natural ecosystems and meeting the need for green space at the urban interface. Green infrastructure systems vary across cities, influenced by the flexibility of landscapes, diverse green space planning traditions, the culture of green space protection and use, and the level of economic development. This study aims to develop a proposed green infrastructure system for Istanbul. In this context, the concept of green infrastructure, urban green systems, the origin of green infrastructure, interregional green infrastructure policies, and analyses of green infrastructure elements derived from the literature have determined the elements to be included in the green infrastructure system for Istanbul. The natural components of the green infrastructure system were spatially determined. Data generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used. Istanbul's green infrastructure system includes existing extensive ecological ecosystems, potential ecological areas, and extensive green corridors for connectivity. Existing green infrastructure areas include large ecologically significant natural areas and urban green spaces with natural and recreational value. Potential green infrastructure areas encompass areas that have lost their function or have potential for urban green space while maintaining their ecological characteristics. Due to the numerous river basins in Istanbul, valleys and streams constitute important green corridors. Consequently, potential areas comprise large areas. Spatially, the addition of these areas will significantly address the lack of green space within the urban area. Planning valleys and streams as green corridors will increase the effectiveness of the green infrastructure system through their connectivity. Protecting existing ecosystems, improving and adding potential areas, and planning green networks will increase the resilience of ecosystem functions, the continuity of natural ecosystems, and the amount of urban open green space.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable urban planning
• natural ecosystems
• urban green space
• green corridor
• Istanbul

Kaynakça

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