KURDISH LANGUAGE, ITS FAMILY AND DIALECTS

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 2, 133 - 146, 29.04.2020

Çevirmen: Hewa S. Khalid

Öz

Abstract
Kurdish belongs to the Iranian language group within Indo-European language family. So, there are many similarities between Kurdish and other Iranian languages. such similarities among various languages lead to categorizing languages within some families. Kurdish is unstandardized language, and it has four main dialects. In this arena, there is a huge gap and it has had negative effects on Kurds in general. Kurdish language is very linked with Kurdish identity on the same time. So, the invaders of Kurdistan work hard to deform Kurdish, then destroy Kurdish identity. The assimilation process affected many areas of Kurdistan intensively, for example; the number of Kurdish speakers has decreased significantly in Northern Kurdistan, and Turkish language has taken its place. Thus, we as a linguist try to clarify the Kurdish language situation linguistically. In this study, we discuss Kurdish language family, Kurdish dialects, mutual understanding between Kurdish dialects, and analyzing the current situation. This would be done by reviewing various sources and publishing a questionnaire among students at Koya University. With support of the student responses, we have designed a model to illuminate mutual understanding between Kurdish dialects in Southern Kurdistan.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kurdish Language, Northern Kurdish, Central Kurdish, Southern Kurdish, Gorani, Zazaki, Hawrami.

ZIMANÊ KURDÎ, MALBAT Û ZARÊN WÎ

Öz

Zimanê Kurdî yek ji zimanên Îranî ye, ku ser bi malbata Hînd û Ewropî ye. Lewma hevbeşiyên zehf di
navbera Kurdî û zimanên din ên Îranî de hene. Ev wekyekî û nêzîkiya navbera hinek zimanên dinê, bûye hokara
destnîşankirina malbatên zimanan. Lê belê, dema yek dibêje Kurdî, dîsa ne xuya ye, ku mebesta wê kîjan zarê
Kurdî ye. Çimkî zimanê Kurdî, zimanekî ne-sitandard bûye û ji çar şaxên sereke pêk tê. Ew şax jî bi zar tên
binavkirin. Ji vî aliyî valatiyeke mezin heye û bandora vê valatiyê jî li ser tevahiya Kurdan çêbûye. Zimanê Kurdî
girêdirayî nasnameya gelê Kurd e. Lewma neteweyên dagîrker û hukimdarên axa Kurdistanê, ji bo têkbirina Kurdî
hewl didin, heta bikaribin nasnameya Kurdan jî têk bibin. Ev pirosêsa esîmîlasiyonê, li gelek cihên Kurdistanê
bandoreke mezin çêkiriye. Minak, li bakurê Kurdistanê jimara Kurdî axêvan kêm bûye û zimanê Tirkî di gelek

warên cuda de cihê Kurdî girtiye. Ji ber vê yekê, em wek zimannasek Kurdî dimeyzînin û hewla ronîkirina rastiyên
zimanewanî didin. Di vê gotarê de, em behsa malbata zimanê Kurdî, zarên zimanê Kurdî û têgehiştina di navbera
van zaran de dikin û şiroveya rewşa heyî dikin. Ew jî bi palpiştiya çavkaniyên heyî û belavkirina formên rapirsî di
Zanîngeha Koya de. Li gorî bersivên xwendekaran ku temena wan di navbera 18-30 salî de ye, me li Başurê
Kurdistanê ji bo têgehiştina di navbera zarên Kurdî de modêlek ava kiriye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zimanê Kurdî, Kurdî ya Bakurî, Kurdî ya Navendî, Kurdî ya Başûrî, Goranî, Zazakî, Hewramî.

KURDISH LANGUAGE, ITS FAMILY AND DIALECTS

Öz

Abstract Kurdish belongs to the Iranian language group within Indo-European language family. So, there are many similarities between Kurdish and other Iranian languages. such similarities among various languages lead to categorizing languages within some families. Kurdish is unstandardized language, and it has four main dialects. In this arena, there is a huge gap and it has had negative effects on Kurds in general. Kurdish language is very linked with Kurdish identity on the same time. So, the invaders of Kurdistan work hard to deform Kurdish, then destroy Kurdish identity. The assimilation process affected many areas of Kurdistan intensively, for example; the number of Kurdish speakers has decreased significantly in Northern Kurdistan, and Turkish language has taken its place. Thus, we as a linguist try to clarify the Kurdish language situation linguistically. In this study, we discuss Kurdish language family, Kurdish dialects, mutual understanding between Kurdish dialects, and analyzing the current situation. This would be done by reviewing various sources and publishing a questionnaire among students at Koya University. With support of the student responses, we have designed a model to illuminate mutual understanding between Kurdish dialects in Southern Kurdistan.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kurdish Language, Northern Kurdish, Central Kurdish, Southern Kurdish, Gorani, Zazaki, Hawrami.

Kaynakça

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