Medikal ve Endüstriyel Açıdan Kannabinoidlerin Önemi ve Türkiye Ekonomisine Katkı Potansiyeli

Öz

Kenevir bitkisi, endüstri ve tıp gibi temel alanlarda kolay, ekonomik ve sağlıklı çözümler sunan bir bitkidir. Başta kannabinoidler olmak üzere çok sayıda kimyasal madde içermektedir ve zengin bir ürün yelpazesi vardır. Endüstriyel kenevir biyobozunur her çeşit plastik madde, kağıt-karton, ısı yalıtım ve inşaat malzemeleri üretiminde, tekstil ve otomotiv sektöründe, gıda ve kozmetik ürünlerin imalatında ve biyodizel üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Medikal kenevir kemoterapiye bağlı bulantı-kusma, kanser ile ilişkili nöropatik ağrı, multipl skleroz ile ilişkili spastisitede, HIV’li hastalarda kilo alımında ve epilepsi gibi bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu yazıda, eski uygarlıklar tarafından kullanılmış olup kültürümüzde önemli bir yere sahip olan ve son yıllarda popülerlik kazanan tıbbi ve endüstriyel kenevir bitkisinin dünden bugüne kullanımı, yetiştirilmesi, tıp ve endüstrideki yeri hakkında bilgi verilmesi ve aynı zamanda kenevirin ekonomik potansiyelinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cannabis
• Endüstriyel Kenevir
• Medikal Kenevir
• Kannabinoidler
• Endokannabinoid Sistem

The Importance of Cannabinoids in Medical and Industrial Perspectives and Potential Contribution to Turkey’s Economy

Öz

Cannabis is a plant that offers easy, economical and healthy solutions in basic areas such as industry and medicine. It contains a large number of chemicals, mainly cannabinoids, and has a rich product range. Industrial hemp is used in the production of all kinds of biodegradable plastic materials, in the production of paper-cardboard, in the production of thermal insulation and construction materials, in the textile industry, in the automotive industry, in the manufacture of food and cosmetic products, in the production of biodiesel. Medical cannabis is used for nausea-vomiting due to chemotherapy, neuropathic pain associated with cancer, spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis, weight gain in patients with HIV and in the treatment of some diseases such as epilepsy. In this article, it is aimed to give information about the usage and cultivation of the medical and industrial cannabis plant, which has an important place in our culture, which has been used even by ancient civilizations that have gained popularity in recent years, and also to reveal the potential of cannabis

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cannabis
• Industrial Hemp
• Medical Hemp
• Cannabinoids
• Endocannabinoid System

Kaynakça

1. 1. Tanker N ve ark. Fam: Cannabinace Farmasötik Botanik. 3. Basım, Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi; 2007. 184-185.
2. 2. Pisanti S, Bifulco M. Medical Cannabis: A plurimillennial history of an evergreen. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234: 8342–8351.
3. 3. McPartland JM. Cannabis systematics at the levels of family, genus, and species. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3.1: 203-212.
4. 4. Flores-Sanchez IJ, Verpoorte R. Secondary metabolism in cannabis. Phytochem Rev 2008; 7: 615–639.
5. 5. Kiskova T et al. Future aspects for cannabinoids in breast cancer therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2019; 20(7): 2-21.
6. 6. Clarke RC, Merlin MD. Cannabis domestication, breeding history, present-day genetic diversity, and future prospect.
7. Crıtıc. Rev ın Plant Sci 2016; 35: 5-6, 293-327.
8. 7. Chandra S et al. New trends in cannabis potency in USA and Europe during the last decade (2008–2017). Eur Arch of Psychiatry and Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:5–15.

9. 8. Hand A et al. History of medical cannabis. J Pain Manag 2016; 9(4):387-394.
10. 9. Brand EJ, Zhao Z. Cannabis in chinese medicine: are some traditional indications referenced in ancient literature related to cannabinoids?. Front. Pharmacol 2017; 8: 1-11.
11. 10. Boninia SA et al. Cannabis sativa: a comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a medicinal plant with a long history. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 227:300–315.
12. 11. Sharma VK et al. Endocannabinoid systetm: neuropharmacological ımplications. Med-Sci 2016; 5(2):562-82.
13. 12. Frassinetti S et al. Nutraceutical potential of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds and sprouts. Food Chem 2018; 262: 56–66.
14. 13. Gao C et al. Diversity Analysis in Cannabis sativa Based on Large-Scale Development of Expressed Sequence TagDerived Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. Plos One 2014; 9(10):1-7.
15. 14. Rimon BS et al. Architecture and florogenesis in female cannabis sativa plants. Front. Plant Sci 2019; 10: 350, 1-11. 15. Karche T, Sıngh MR. The application of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for a green economy: a review. Turk J Bot 2019; 43: 710-723.
16. 16. Flores-Sanchez IJ, Verpoorte R. Secondary metabolism in cannabis. Phytochem Rev 2008; 7: 615–639.
17. 17. Kiskova T et al. Future aspects for cannabinoids in breast cancer therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2019; 20 (1673):2-21.
18. 18. Fraguas Sanchez AI, Torres Suarez AI. Medical use of cannabinoids. Drugs 2018; 78: 1665–1703.
19. 19. Suryadevara U et al. Pros and cons of medical cannabis use by people with chronic brain disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15: 800-814.
20. 20. Zuardi AW et al. A Critical Review of the Antipsychotic Effects of Cannabidiol: 30 Years of a Translational Investigation. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18: 5131-5140.
21. 21. Parmar JR et al. Medical marijuana patient counseling points for health care professionals based on trends in the medical uses, efficacy, and adverse effects of cannabis-based pharmaceutical drugs. Res Social Adm Pharm 2016; 12: 638–654.
22. 22. Schluttenhofer C, Yuan L. Challenges towards revitalizing hemp: a multifaceted crop. Trends in Plant Sci 2017; 22(11): 917-929.
23. 23. Bernstein N et al. Interplay between chemistry and morphology in medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.). Ind Crop Product 2019; 129: 185–194.
24. 24. Rehman MSU et al. Potential of bioenergy production from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa): Pakistan perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Rev 2013; 18: 154–164.
25. 25. Väisänen T et al. Modification of hemp fibers (Cannabis Sativa L.) for composite applications. Ind Crop Product 2018; 111:422–429.
26. 26. Manaia JP et. Industrial hemp fibers: an overview. Fibers 2019; 7(106):3-16.
27. 27. Tutuş A et al. Pulp and paper production from hemp by modified kraft method. 1st International Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress (IMSEC 2016). Adana, Turkey, October 26-28, 2016, 1036-1042.
28. 28. Ascrizzi R et al. Valorisation of hemp inflorescence after seed harvest: cultivation site and harvest time influence agronomic characteristics and essential oil yield and composition. Ind Crop Product 2019; 139(111541): 1-8.