Gıdalardan biyoaktif bileşiklerin ekstraksiyonunda derin ötektik çözücülerin kullanımı

Öz

Çevre bilincinin her geçen gün artmasıyla, son yıllarda yeşil teknoloji kavramı daha da önem kazanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, tehlikeli maddelerin üretiminin ve tüketiminin azaltılması, harcanan enerji miktarının indirgenmesi ve yenilenebilir kaynakların kullanımının arttırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Gıda, kimya ve ilaç endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan geleneksel çözücüler yerine, sağlığa zararı olmayan ve yüksek ekstraksiyon verimine sahip çözücülerin kullanımı önerilmektedir. Yeşil çözücüler, toksik olmayan, geri dönüşümü mümkün olabilen, uçucu olmayan ve sentezi için yüksek maliyet gerektirmeyen çözücülerdir. Su, iyonik sıvılar veya süperkritik akışkanlar en çok kullanılan yeşil çözücülerdendir. Son yıllarda bu çözücülerin yanı sıra, derin ötektik çözücüler bu alanda kendine yer bulmuştur. Derin ötektik çözücülerin fiziksel özellikleri iyonik sıvılara benzer olsa da, kimyasal özellikleri farklıdır. Son yıllarda, derin ötektik çözücüler, gıda materyallerinden biyoaktif bileşiklerin (fenolik bileşik, antosiyanin vb.) ekstraksiyonunda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çözücüler ile ekstraksiyon veriminde önemli ölçüde artış tespit edilmiştir. Bu derleme, gıdalardan biyoaktif bileşiklerin derin ötektik çözücülerle ekstraksiyonu hakkında çalışmaları irdelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeşil teknoloji
• yeşil çözücüler
• derin ötektik çözücüler
• ekstraksiyon
• biyoaktif bileşikler

Utilization of deep eutectic solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds from food materials

Abstract

As the environmental awareness increases, the concept of green technology has gained more importance in recent years. It aims to reduce the production and consumption of hazardous materials, reduce the amount of energy spent and increase the use of renewable resources. It is recommended to use solvents that have non-toxic and high extraction efficiency instead of traditional solvents that are commonly used in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Green solvents are non-toxic, recyclable, non-volatile and have minimal cost of synthesis. Water, ionic liquids or supercritical fluids are among the most commonly preferred green solvents. In addition to these solvents, deep eutectic solvents took a part in this field in recent years. Although the physical properties of deep eutectic solvents are similar to ionic liquids, their chemical properties are different. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents have been widely used in the extraction of bioactive compounds (phenolic compound, anthocyanin etc.) from food materials. It has been detected a significant increase in extraction efficiency with these solvents. This article reviews the extraction of bioactive compounds from food materials using deep eutectic solvents.

Keywords

• Green chemistry
• Green solvents
• Deep eutectic solvents
• Extraction
• Bioactive compound

Kaynakça

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