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The Postmodernist Approach to History: Implications of Postmodernism for History Education

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 34, 197 - 209, 01.06.2013
https://doi.org/10.9779/PUJE638

Öz

Acquiring a sophisticated conception of history first and foremost requires one to know what factors play role in the reconstruction of the past or historiography, and the process of historical knowldege production. Developing literacy in historiography necessitates understanding historical frameworks or orientations in that as conceptual tools they shape the nature and function of historical writing. For this reason, international history educators bring to the fore the argument that without identifying and using the models in historiography, the effort to explore students’ thoughts about history will remain obscure and murky. There are a wide variety of historical frameworks or movements that provide alternative approaches to understanding the past. But, there are a few studies in history education that draw on these historical frameworks when studying the past. Historiography also is not effectively used for the teaching and learning of school history. Aiming to address this gap in the literature, this study examines the postmodernist approach to the study of the past as a recent and contested school of historical thought in historiography and history education. The nature of history, postmodernism, its confrontation with history, its criticisms against the epistemological assumptions of the discipline of history and its implications for history education are explained.

Kaynakça

  • Ankersmit, F. R. (1994). History and tropology: The rise and fall of metaphor. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Ankersmit, F. R. (2001). Historical Representation: Cultural Memory in the Present. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Andress, D. (1997). Beyond irony and relativism: What is postmodern history for? Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and Practice, 1(3), 311-326.
  • Aronowitz, S. & Gioux, H. A. (1991). Postmodern education: Politics, culture, and social criticism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Arthur, J., Davies, I., Kerr, D. ve Wrenn, A. (2001). Citizenship through secondary history. London: Routledge.
  • Bloland, H. G. (2005). Whatever happened to postmodernism in higher education? No requiem in the new millennium. The Journal of Higher Education, 76, 121–150.
  • Boboc, M. (2012). The postmodern curriculum in a modern classroom. International Journal of Education, 4(1), 142-152.
  • Breisach, E. (1994). Historiography: Ancient, medieval, & modern (2nd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Brown, C. G. (2005). Postmodernism for historians. London: Pearson Education.
  • Burbules, N. C. (1995). Postmodern doubt and philosophy of education. Philosophy of Education. http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/EPS/PES-Yearbook/95_docs/burbules.html.
  • Burke, P. (1992), (Ed.). New perspectives on historical writing. University Park; The Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Carr, E. H. (1961). What is history? New York: Random House.
  • Demir Ö. & Acar, M. (1997). Sosyal bilimler sözlüğü (3. baskı). Ankara: Vadi Yayınları.
  • Daddow, O. J. (2004). The Ideology of Apathy: Historians and Postmodernism. Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and Practicei, 8(3), 417-437.
  • Doll, W. E. (1993). A post-modern perspective on curriculum. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
  • Evans, R. (2001). In defence of history. Cambridge: Granta Books.
  • Fokkema, D. W. (1983). Literary history, modernism, and postmodernizm (The Harvard University Erasmus Lectures, Spring 1983). Philadelphia: Utrecht Publications.
  • Gioux, H. A. (1988). Border pedagogy in the age of postmodernism. Joumal of Education, 170(3), 162-1
  • Güneş, A. (2005). Tarih, tarihçi ve meşruiyet. Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 17, 1-48.
  • Harvey, D. (1990). The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Cambridge: Blackwell.
  • Iggers, G. G. (2009). A search for a post-modern theory of history. History and Theory, 48, 122-128. Jenkins, K. (1991). Re-thinking history. London: Routledge.
  • Jenkins, K. (2000). A postmodern reply to Zagorin. History and Theory, 39, 181-200.
  • Leicester, M. (2000). Post-postmodernism and continuing education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19, 73–81.
  • Lemon, M. C. (2003). Philosophy of history. London: Routledge.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.
  • Munslow, A. (1997). Deconstructing history. New York: Routledge.
  • Novick, P. (1988). That noble dream: The “objectivity question” and the American Historical Profession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rao, M. M. (2008). Rushdie: Postmodernism and history. The Icfai University Journal of English Studies, 3, 7-13.
  • Roberts, D. D. (2005). Postmodernism and history: Missing the missed connection. History and Theory, 44, 240-252.
  • Rorty, R. (1989). Contingency, irony and solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Safran , M. & Şimşek, A. (2009). Tarih yazımında bir sorun: Tarih ve zaman ilişkisi. Tarihin Peşinde: Uluslararası Tarih ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 9-26.
  • Slattery, P. (1995), Curriculum development in the postmodern era. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.
  • Stearns, P. N. (1990). Socail history update: Encountering Postmodernism. Journal of Social History, 24(2), 449-452.
  • Toews, J. E. (1995). A new philosophy of history? Reflections on postmodern historicizing. In F. Ankersmit & H. Kellner (Eds.), A new philosophy of history (pp.235-248). Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  • Usher, R. & Edwards, R. (1994). Postmodernism and education. London: Routledge.
  • Yılmaz, K. & Kaya, M. (2011). Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin tarih algısı ve tarih öğretimine pedagojik yaklaşımları. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(6), 73-95.
  • Zagorin, P. (1999). History, the referent, and narrative: Reflections on postmodernism now. History and Theory, 38(1), 1-24
  • Wilton, S. (1999). Class Struggles: Teaching history in the postmodern age. The History Teacher, 33(1), 25-32.

Postmodernist Tarih Yaklaşımı: Postmodernizmin Tarih Eğitimi İçin Doğurguları

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 34, 197 - 209, 01.06.2013
https://doi.org/10.9779/PUJE638

Öz

Gelişmiş bir tarih konseptine sahip olabilmek geçmişin yeniden inşa edilmesinde veya tarih yazımında rol oynayan faktörlerin tanınmasını ve tarih bilgisi üretim sürecinin bilinmesini gerektirir. Tarih yazımı alanında okur-yazarlık geliştirmek de historiografya alanındaki tarihsel akımları ve kuramsal çerçeveleri bilmekle mümkündür. Çünkü kuramsal çerçeveler tarih yazımının doğasını ve fonskiyonunu şekillendiren kavramsal araçlardır. Bu nedenle, uluslararası tarih eğitimcileri, tarih disiplininde var olan modellerin veya akımların belirlenip tarih eğitiminde kullanılmadığı sürece öğrencilerin tarihe ilişkin düşüncelerinin incelenmesinin belirsizliklerle dolu olacağını ve tam anlaşılamayacağını vurgulamışlardır. Tarih yazımında kullanılan birbirinden farklı birçok kuramsal çerçeve vardır. Fakat tarih eğitimi üzerinde yapılan araştırmaların çoğunda geçmişi anlamaya ve açıklamaya yönelik alternatif yaklaşımlar sunan bu kuramsal çerçeveler ihmal edilmiştir. Tarih yazıcılığında görülen akımlar okullardaki tarih öğretiminde de etkili bir şekilde kullanılmamaktadır. Tarih eğitiminde görülen en önemli eksikliklerden birisini gidermeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, geleneksel tarih yazıcılığına köklü eleştiriler getirerek tarih disiplinin varoluş temellerini sorgulayan postmodern tarih yaklaşımı, yazımı ve eğitimi ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada, tarihin doğası ve tanımı, postmodernizmin çıkış nedenleri, tarih disiplini ile karşılaşması, tarihin epistemolojik varsayımlarına getirdiği eleştiriler ve tarih eğitimi için doğurguları açıklanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ankersmit, F. R. (1994). History and tropology: The rise and fall of metaphor. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Ankersmit, F. R. (2001). Historical Representation: Cultural Memory in the Present. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Andress, D. (1997). Beyond irony and relativism: What is postmodern history for? Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and Practice, 1(3), 311-326.
  • Aronowitz, S. & Gioux, H. A. (1991). Postmodern education: Politics, culture, and social criticism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Arthur, J., Davies, I., Kerr, D. ve Wrenn, A. (2001). Citizenship through secondary history. London: Routledge.
  • Bloland, H. G. (2005). Whatever happened to postmodernism in higher education? No requiem in the new millennium. The Journal of Higher Education, 76, 121–150.
  • Boboc, M. (2012). The postmodern curriculum in a modern classroom. International Journal of Education, 4(1), 142-152.
  • Breisach, E. (1994). Historiography: Ancient, medieval, & modern (2nd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Brown, C. G. (2005). Postmodernism for historians. London: Pearson Education.
  • Burbules, N. C. (1995). Postmodern doubt and philosophy of education. Philosophy of Education. http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/EPS/PES-Yearbook/95_docs/burbules.html.
  • Burke, P. (1992), (Ed.). New perspectives on historical writing. University Park; The Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Carr, E. H. (1961). What is history? New York: Random House.
  • Demir Ö. & Acar, M. (1997). Sosyal bilimler sözlüğü (3. baskı). Ankara: Vadi Yayınları.
  • Daddow, O. J. (2004). The Ideology of Apathy: Historians and Postmodernism. Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and Practicei, 8(3), 417-437.
  • Doll, W. E. (1993). A post-modern perspective on curriculum. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
  • Evans, R. (2001). In defence of history. Cambridge: Granta Books.
  • Fokkema, D. W. (1983). Literary history, modernism, and postmodernizm (The Harvard University Erasmus Lectures, Spring 1983). Philadelphia: Utrecht Publications.
  • Gioux, H. A. (1988). Border pedagogy in the age of postmodernism. Joumal of Education, 170(3), 162-1
  • Güneş, A. (2005). Tarih, tarihçi ve meşruiyet. Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 17, 1-48.
  • Harvey, D. (1990). The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Cambridge: Blackwell.
  • Iggers, G. G. (2009). A search for a post-modern theory of history. History and Theory, 48, 122-128. Jenkins, K. (1991). Re-thinking history. London: Routledge.
  • Jenkins, K. (2000). A postmodern reply to Zagorin. History and Theory, 39, 181-200.
  • Leicester, M. (2000). Post-postmodernism and continuing education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19, 73–81.
  • Lemon, M. C. (2003). Philosophy of history. London: Routledge.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.
  • Munslow, A. (1997). Deconstructing history. New York: Routledge.
  • Novick, P. (1988). That noble dream: The “objectivity question” and the American Historical Profession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rao, M. M. (2008). Rushdie: Postmodernism and history. The Icfai University Journal of English Studies, 3, 7-13.
  • Roberts, D. D. (2005). Postmodernism and history: Missing the missed connection. History and Theory, 44, 240-252.
  • Rorty, R. (1989). Contingency, irony and solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Safran , M. & Şimşek, A. (2009). Tarih yazımında bir sorun: Tarih ve zaman ilişkisi. Tarihin Peşinde: Uluslararası Tarih ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 9-26.
  • Slattery, P. (1995), Curriculum development in the postmodern era. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.
  • Stearns, P. N. (1990). Socail history update: Encountering Postmodernism. Journal of Social History, 24(2), 449-452.
  • Toews, J. E. (1995). A new philosophy of history? Reflections on postmodern historicizing. In F. Ankersmit & H. Kellner (Eds.), A new philosophy of history (pp.235-248). Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  • Usher, R. & Edwards, R. (1994). Postmodernism and education. London: Routledge.
  • Yılmaz, K. & Kaya, M. (2011). Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin tarih algısı ve tarih öğretimine pedagojik yaklaşımları. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(6), 73-95.
  • Zagorin, P. (1999). History, the referent, and narrative: Reflections on postmodernism now. History and Theory, 38(1), 1-24
  • Wilton, S. (1999). Class Struggles: Teaching history in the postmodern age. The History Teacher, 33(1), 25-32.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kaya Yılmaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 34

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, K. (2013). Postmodernist Tarih Yaklaşımı: Postmodernizmin Tarih Eğitimi İçin Doğurguları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(34), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.9779/PUJE638