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The Body as the Object of the Gaze in The Handmaid’s Tale and Never Let Me Go

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 30, 1228 - 1236, 21.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1193097

Öz

Gaze always denotes a reciprocal relationship for humans because it involves the power relations between the gazer and the one who is subjected to the gaze. The Handmaid's Tale, written by Margaret Atwood in 1985, is the first focal point of this study as the novel includes dystopic female bodies that are disciplined through a constant gaze and employed in the service of the nation for maintaining the eternity of patrilinearity. Due to the low fertility rates of elites, the Republic of Gilead—the novel's representation of a theocratic state-assigns fertile female bodies as incubators, and those female bodies are constantly under surveillance. The second focus point of this study is Kazuo Ishiguro's dystopian science fiction novel Never Let Me Go written in 2005, which shares many similarities with The Handmaid's Tale. Never Let Me Go is set in a dystopic world where scientists are allowed to conduct cloning experiments on children in order to harvest their organs. Because the experts must be certain of the 'harvesting' process, the children's bodies are constantly monitored. The goal of this study is to explore how human bodies become the object of the gaze and under what circumstances they are transformed into reproduction machines by being filtered and controlled by the gazing power in the novels The Handmaid's Tale and Never Let Me Go.

Kaynakça

  • Atwood, M. (1985). The Handmaid’s Tale. NY: Fawcett Crest.
  • Baudriallard, J. (1988). Simulacra and Simulations. Modern Criticism and Theory. Eds. David Lodge, Nigel Wood. U.K.: Longman, p. 403-413.
  • Berger, J. (1973). Ways of Seeing. U.K.: British Broadcasting Corporation.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Panopticism. Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. (Trans. Alan Sheridan). NY: Vintage Books, p. 195-293.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge. (Ed. Colin Gordon). Brighton: Harvester.
  • Foucault, M. (2007). Discipline and Punish. Literary Theory: An Anthology. (Ed. J. Rivkin, M. Ryan). London: Blackwell., p. 549-566.
  • Hawthorn, J. (2006). Theories of the Gaze. Literary Theory and Criticism. (P. Waugh). NY: Oxford University Press, p. 508-518.
  • Ishiguro, K. (2005). Never Let Me Go. USA: Vintage Books.
  • Kitsi-Mitakou, K. (1997). Feminist Readings of the Body in Virginia Woolf’s Novels. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
  • Krips, H. (2010). The Politics of the Gaze: Foucault, Lacan and Žižek. Culture Unbound, (Vol. 2, p. 91–102). Linköping University Electronic Press: http://www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se
  • Johnson, A. G. (2014). The Gender Knot: Unravelling our Patriarchal Legacy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • June, P. B. (2010). The Fragmented Female Body and Identity. NY: Peterlang.
  • Lacan, J. (1973). The Split Between the Eye and The Gaze. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. (Trans. A. Sheridan, Ed. J. A. Miller). NY: W.W Norton & Company., p. 67-79.
  • Moi, T. (1985). Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory. London: Routledge.
  • Newman, B. (1990). ‘The Situation of the Looker-On’: Gender, Narration and Gaze in Wuthering Heights. PMLA. (105/5, p. 1029-1041). http://www.jstor.org/stable/462732
  • Paglia, C. (1999). Sexual Personae. London: Yale University Press.
  • Rose, J. (2000). Feminine Sexuality. Identity: A Reader. (P. du Gay, J. Evans, P. Redman). London: Sage Publications Ltd., p. 51-69.
  • Warhol, R., Price Herndl, D. (1997). Gaze: Introduction. Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, p. 427-429.

Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü ve Beni Asla Bırakma’da Bakışın Nesnesi Olarak Beden

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 30, 1228 - 1236, 21.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1193097

Öz

Bakış, insanlar için her zaman karşılıklı bir ilişkiye işaret eder çünkü bakanla bakışa maruz kalan arasındaki iktidar ilişkilerini içerir. Margaret Atwood'un 1985 yılında kaleme aldığı Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü, ataerkilliğin ebediliğini korumak için milletin hizmetinde kullanılan ve sürekli bir bakışla disipline edilen distopik kadın bedenlerini içerdiğinden bu çalışmanın ilk odak noktasıdır. Seçkinlerin düşük doğurganlık oranları nedeniyle, romanın teokratik bir devleti temsili olan Gilead Cumhuriyeti, doğurgan kadın bedenlerini kuluçka makinesi olarak görevlendirir ve bu kadın bedenleri sürekli gözetim altındadır. Bu çalışmanın ikinci odak noktası Kazuo Ishiguro'nun 2005 yılında kaleme aldığı ve Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü ile pek çok paralellik taşıyan distopik bilimkurgu romanı Beni Asla Bırakma'dır. Beni Asla Bırakma, bilim insanlarının organlarını almak için klonlama deneyleri yapmasına izin verilen distopik çocuk bedenleri etrafında örülmüştür. Uzmanların 'hasat' sürecinden emin olması gerektiğinden, çocukların bedenleri sürekli izlenerek takip edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü ve Beni Asla Bırakma romanlarında insan bedenlerinin nasıl bakışın nesnesi haline geldiğini ve hangi koşullar altında bakışın gücüyle elekten geçirilerek ve kontrol edilerek yeniden üretim makinelerine dönüştüğünü araştırmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Atwood, M. (1985). The Handmaid’s Tale. NY: Fawcett Crest.
  • Baudriallard, J. (1988). Simulacra and Simulations. Modern Criticism and Theory. Eds. David Lodge, Nigel Wood. U.K.: Longman, p. 403-413.
  • Berger, J. (1973). Ways of Seeing. U.K.: British Broadcasting Corporation.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Panopticism. Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. (Trans. Alan Sheridan). NY: Vintage Books, p. 195-293.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge. (Ed. Colin Gordon). Brighton: Harvester.
  • Foucault, M. (2007). Discipline and Punish. Literary Theory: An Anthology. (Ed. J. Rivkin, M. Ryan). London: Blackwell., p. 549-566.
  • Hawthorn, J. (2006). Theories of the Gaze. Literary Theory and Criticism. (P. Waugh). NY: Oxford University Press, p. 508-518.
  • Ishiguro, K. (2005). Never Let Me Go. USA: Vintage Books.
  • Kitsi-Mitakou, K. (1997). Feminist Readings of the Body in Virginia Woolf’s Novels. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
  • Krips, H. (2010). The Politics of the Gaze: Foucault, Lacan and Žižek. Culture Unbound, (Vol. 2, p. 91–102). Linköping University Electronic Press: http://www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se
  • Johnson, A. G. (2014). The Gender Knot: Unravelling our Patriarchal Legacy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • June, P. B. (2010). The Fragmented Female Body and Identity. NY: Peterlang.
  • Lacan, J. (1973). The Split Between the Eye and The Gaze. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. (Trans. A. Sheridan, Ed. J. A. Miller). NY: W.W Norton & Company., p. 67-79.
  • Moi, T. (1985). Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory. London: Routledge.
  • Newman, B. (1990). ‘The Situation of the Looker-On’: Gender, Narration and Gaze in Wuthering Heights. PMLA. (105/5, p. 1029-1041). http://www.jstor.org/stable/462732
  • Paglia, C. (1999). Sexual Personae. London: Yale University Press.
  • Rose, J. (2000). Feminine Sexuality. Identity: A Reader. (P. du Gay, J. Evans, P. Redman). London: Sage Publications Ltd., p. 51-69.
  • Warhol, R., Price Herndl, D. (1997). Gaze: Introduction. Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, p. 427-429.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Dünya dilleri, kültürleri ve edebiyatları
Yazarlar

Rana Sağıroğlu 0000-0002-2153-1228

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 30

Kaynak Göster

APA Sağıroğlu, R. (2022). The Body as the Object of the Gaze in The Handmaid’s Tale and Never Let Me Go. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(30), 1228-1236. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1193097