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“Kids, kill every mosquito you see!” Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948)

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 24 Mayıs 2022
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“Kids, kill every mosquito you see!” Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948)

Öz

When the Republic of Turkey was founded, the population in the country was rapidly decreasing due to adverse sanitary conditions and many infectious diseases, especially malaria. This was not in line with the economic, national, and social objectives of the founding elites. Being aware of this situation, the founders of the state started sanitary and social geography studies in provinces before the republic was established, made the population issue their basic policy and launched a national struggle to increase the population and make it healthy. In this process, the founders used education as a tool, which is the most effective way to reach children, which they considered the main channel of modernization. Revised curricula and related textbooks gained an important place in this struggle. However, the fight against malaria, namely sanitation, formed an aspect of modernization by associating it with issues related to the new order targeted by the revolution, such as the teaching of civilized principles and the distancing from superstitions. At this point, teachers were brought to a key point and played an active role in the fight against malaria, especially in the villages. This struggle found a place more in the curriculum of primary schools, which were given more importance in the Early Republican Period compared to middle and high schools. The malaria fight was most commonly included in the 1926 curriculum among the four curricula for primary schools between 1923 and 1948. The elites who directed the education emphasized the national and civil aspect of the struggle by taking part in the malaria fight not in courses of Tabiat Tedkiki, Ziraat, Hıfzıssıhha (Nature Studies, Agriculture and Sanitation), but in the course called Musahabat-ı Ahlakiye ve Malumat-ı Vataniye (Civics). However, the visibility of the malaria fight in education gradually decreased until 1948.

Anahtar Kelimeler

fight against malaria, malaria, hygiene, population, health

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma 7. Uluslararası Tarih Eğitimi Sempozyumu'nda sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  1. Akalın, B. Ö. (1938). Türk çocuğunu nasıl yaşatmalı? 1- Nüfus siyasetinde çocuk, sağlam nesil - öjenizm - sağlam ırk- kısırlaştırma. İstanbul: Ahmet İhsan.
  2. Ali Kâmi (1927-1928). Yurt bilgisi 5. sınıf. İstanbul: İbrahim Hilmi.
  3. Ali Rıdvan ve Mithat Sadullah (1926). Tabiat tedkikî. İstanbul: Tefeyyüz Kitabhânesi, Şirketi Mürettibiye.
  4. Alp, H. (2017). Meşrutiyet'ten Cumhuriyet'e Türkiye'de ilköğretim ve müfredat programları (1913-1936). Ankara: Nobel.
  5. Altıncı Ulusal Türk Tıp Kurultayı (1936). İstanbul: Kader.
  6. Arpacı, M. (2015). Modernleşen Türkiye’de beden ve nüfus politikaları: Hıfzıssıhha, terbiye, öjeni (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı Genel Sosyoloji ve Metodoloji Programı, İstanbul.
  7. Aydın, M. B. ve Ertaş, M. Y. (2017). Bulaşıcı hastalıklarla mücadelede neşriyat: Sıtma konulu kitaplar (1908-1928). Ş. Köse, Ç. Büke, F. Çakmak ve E. Akçiçek (Edt.), Tarihsel süreçte Anadolu’da sıtma. Ankara: Gece.
  8. BCA 30-10-0-0/ 4-19-3. (Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi)
  9. BCA 30-18-1-2/92-73-9. (Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi)
  10. BCA 490-1-0-0/1464-6-1. (Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi)

Kaynak Göster

APA
Coşğun Kandal, S. (2022). “Kids, kill every mosquito you see!” Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948). Turkish History Education Journal, 11(1), 74-90. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.1022712
AMA
1.Coşğun Kandal S. “Kids, kill every mosquito you see!” Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948). TUHED. 2022;11(1):74-90. doi:10.17497/tuhed.1022712
Chicago
Coşğun Kandal, Sena. 2022. “‘Kids, kill every mosquito you see!’ Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948)”. Turkish History Education Journal 11 (1): 74-90. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.1022712.
EndNote
Coşğun Kandal S (01 Mayıs 2022) “Kids, kill every mosquito you see!” Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948). Turkish History Education Journal 11 1 74–90.
IEEE
[1]S. Coşğun Kandal, “‘Kids, kill every mosquito you see!’ Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948)”, TUHED, c. 11, sy 1, ss. 74–90, May. 2022, doi: 10.17497/tuhed.1022712.
ISNAD
Coşğun Kandal, Sena. “‘Kids, kill every mosquito you see!’ Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948)”. Turkish History Education Journal 11/1 (01 Mayıs 2022): 74-90. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.1022712.
JAMA
1.Coşğun Kandal S. “Kids, kill every mosquito you see!” Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948). TUHED. 2022;11:74–90.
MLA
Coşğun Kandal, Sena. “‘Kids, kill every mosquito you see!’ Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948)”. Turkish History Education Journal, c. 11, sy 1, Mayıs 2022, ss. 74-90, doi:10.17497/tuhed.1022712.
Vancouver
1.Sena Coşğun Kandal. “Kids, kill every mosquito you see!” Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948). TUHED. 01 Mayıs 2022;11(1):74-90. doi:10.17497/tuhed.1022712

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