The Moderator Role of Individual Power Distance Orientation in the Relationship between Benevolent Leadership and Employee Voice Behavior

Abstract

To enhance the understanding of leadership effects on employee voice behavior, this study focused on individual power distance orientation. The study was carried out on the sample of 286 ÇAYKUR employees. The aim of the study was to explore the moderator effect of individual power distance orientation in the relationship between benevolent leadership and employee voice behavior. The results from hierarchical regression modeling indicated that, in the relationship between benevolent leadership and employee voice behavior, individual power distance orientation was a positive moderator.

Yardımsever Liderlik ve Çalışan Ses Verme Davranışı Arasındaki İlişkide Kişi Yönelimli Güç Mesafesinin Düzenleyici Rolü

Öz

Çalışan ses verme davranışı üzerinde liderlik etkileri anlayışını arttırmak için yürütülen bu çalışma, kişisel güç mesafesi yönelimi üzerinde odaklanmıştır. Amacı yardımsever liderlik ve çalışan ses verme davranışı arasındaki ilişkide kişisel güç mesafesi yöneliminin düzenleyici etkisini araştırmak olan bu çalışma 286 ÇAYKUR çalışanından oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Hiyerarşik regresyon modellemesinden elde edilen sonuçlar, yardımsever liderlik ve çalışan ses verme davranışı arasındaki ilişkide kişisel güç mesafesi yöneliminin pozitif yönde düzenleyici etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yardımsever Liderlik,Ses Verme,Güç mesafesi

Kaynakça

1. Aryee, S. et. all. (2014) “Core Self-Evaluations and Employee Voice Behavior: Test of a Dual-Motivational Pathway” Journal of Management, Vol. XX No. X, Month XXXX, 1-21.
2. Bochner, S., Hesketh, B., (1994) “Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, and Job-Related Attitudes in a Culturally Diverse Work Group”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology; 25; 2; 233-257.
3. Bass, B.M., (1996) “Is There Unıversalıty in The Full Range Model of Leadershıp?” Int'l. J. Of Pub. Admın., 19(6), 731-761.
4. Brockner, J. vd. (2001) “Culture and Procedural Justice: The Influence of Power Distance on Reactions to Voice” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 300–315.
5. Botero, I. C., Van Dyne, L., (2009), “Employee Voice Behavior Interactive Effects of LMX and Power Distance in the United States and Colombia”, Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 23 No1, 84-104.
6. Chemers, M. M. (2000) “Leadership Research and Theory: A Functional Integration”, Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, Vol.4, No.1, 27-43.
7. Cheng B.-S. vd., (2004)” Paternalistic Leadership and Subordinate Responses: Establishing A Leadership Model İn Chinese Organizations”, Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7, 89-117.
8. Chan, S. C. H., Huang, X., Snape E., Lam C. L., (2013) “The Janus Face of Paternalistic Leaders: Authoritarianism, Benevolence, Subordinates’ Organization-Based Self-Esteem, And Performance” Journal of Organizational Behavior, J. Organize. Behavior. 34, 108–128.

9. Chan, S. C. H., (2014) “Paternalistic Leadership and Employee Voice: Does İnformation Sharing Matter?” Human Relations, Vol. 67(6), 667–693.
10. Cheng B.-S. vd. (2014) “Paternalistic Leadership in Four East Asian Societies: Generalizability and Cultural Differences of the Triad Model” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014, Vol 45(1), 82–90.
11. Detert, J. R., Burris, E. R., (2007) “Leadership Behavior and Employee Voice: Is The Door Really Open?” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 50, No. 4, 869–884.
12. Fuller, J. B., vd. (2007)” An Exploratory Examination of Voice Behavior from an Impression Management Perspective” Journal of Managerıal Issues, Vol. XIX, No 1, 134-151.
13. Farh J. L., Hackett, R.D., Liang, J., (2007) “Individual-Level Cultural Values as Moderators of Perceived Organizational Support–Employee Outcome Relationships in China: Comparing The Effects of Power Distance and Traditionality”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 50, No. 3, 715–729.
14. Gao, L., Janssen, O., Shi, K. (2011). “Leader trust and employee voice: The moderating role of empowering leader behaviors”, The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 787–798.
15. Hofstede, G. (1980). “Motivation, Leadership, and Organization: Do American Theories Apply Abroad?” Organizational Dynamics, Vol.9 Issue 1, 42-63.
16. Hofstede, G., (1983) “National Cultures İn Four Dimensions: A Research-Based Theory of Cultural Differences Among Nations”, International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 13, No. 1/2, 46-74.
17. Hofstede, G. (1984). “Cultural Dimensions in Management and Planning”, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 81-99.
18. Howell, I. P., Dorfman, P.W., Kerr, S., (1986) “Moderator Variables in Leadership Research”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 1, 88-102.
19. Kirkman, B. L, vd. (2009) “Individual Power Distance Orientation and Follower Reactions to Transformational Leaders: A Cross-Level, Cross-Cultural Examination”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 52, No. 4, 744–764.
20. Kim Y. J., vd., (2013) “Why and When Do Motives Matter? An İntegrative Model of Motives, Role Cognitions, And Social Support as Predictors of OCB”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 121, 231–245.
21. Kılıç, S. (2016) “Cronbach’in Alfa Güvenirlik Katsayısı”, Journal of Mood Disorders (JMOOD), 6(1), 47-80.
22. Loke, J. C. F., (2001), “Leadership Behaviors: Effects on Job Satisfaction, Productivity and Organizational Commitment”, Journal of Nursing Management, 9, 191-204.
23. LePine, J.A., Dyne, L.V., (2001) “Voice and Cooperative Behavior as Contrasting Forms of Contextual Performance: Evidence of Differential Relationships with Big Five Personality Characteristics and Cognitive Ability” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.86, No. 2, 326-336.
24. Liu, S. M., Liao, J. Q., (2013) Transformatıonal Leadershıp and Speakıng Up: Power Dıstance and Structural Dıstance as Moderators Social Behavıor and Personality, Social Behavior and Personality, 41(10), 1747-1756.
25. Li, Y., Suna J. M. (2015) “Traditional Chinese leadership and employee voice behavior: A cross-level examination”, The Leadership Quarterly, 26, 172–189.
26. Maznevski, M.L., Gomez, C.B., (2002) “Cultural Dimensions at The Individual Level of Analysis the Cultural Orientations Framework”, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 2(3), 275-295.
27. Morrison, E. W., (2011), “Employee Voice Behavior: Integration and Directions for Future Research”, The Academy of Management Annals, Vol. 5, No. 1, 373–412.
28. Morrison, E.W., Wheeler-Smith, S. L., Kamdar, D., (2011) “Speaking Up in Groups: A Cross-Level Study of Group Voice Climate and Voice”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 96, No. 1, 183–191.
29. Newman, K. L., Nollen, S. D., (1996) “Culture and Congruence: The Fit between Management Practices and National Culture” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 27, No. 4, 753- 779.
30. Pellegrini E. K., Scandura, T.A., (2008) “Paternalistic Leadership: A Review and Agenda for Future Research”, Journal of Management, Vol. 34 No. 3, 566-593.
31. Schwartz, S. H., (1992) “Universals in The Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries”, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 25, 1-65.
32. Tangirala, S., Ramanujam, R., (2008) “Employee Silence On Critical Work Issues: The Cross Level Effects of Procedural Justice Climate” Personnel Psychology, 61, 37–68.
33. Tangirala, S., Ramanujam, R. (2008), “Exploring Nonlinearity in Employee Voice: The Effects of Personal Control and Organizational Identification”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 51, No., 1189-1203.
34. Thomas W. H., Feldman, D.C., (2012)” Employee Voice Behavior: A Meta‐Analytic Test of the Conservation of Resources Framework”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 216–234.
35. Van Dyne L., LePine J.A. (1998), “Helping and Voice Extra-Role Behaviors: Evidence of Construct and Predictive Validity”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 41, No. 1, 108-119.
36. Withey, M. J., Cooper, W. H. (1989) “Predicting Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 4, 521-539.
37. Wasti, A. S. (1995). “Kültürel Farklılaşmanın Örgütsel Yapı ve Davranışa Etkileri: Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme”, ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 22(4), 503–529.
38. Wu, Y.C., Tsai,P.J. (2012) “Multidimensional Relationshıps Between Paternalistic Leadership And Perceptions Of Organızational Ethıcal Clımates”, Psychological Reports: Human Resources & Marketing, 111, 2, 509-527.
39. Yukl, G. (1989), “Managerial Leadership: A Review of Theory and Research”, Journal of Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, 251-289.
40. Yu, H.C., Miller, P. (2003) “The Generation Gap and Cultural İnfluence: A Taiwan Empirical İnvestigation” Cross Cultural Management, Vol.10, No. 3, 23-41.Zhang, Y., Huai, M.Y., Xie, Y. H. (2015) “Paternalistic leadership and employee voice in China: A dual process model”, The Leadership Quarterly, 26, 25–36.
41. Tezler ve BildirilerMcKee, J. G., (1990), “Relationship Between Community College Presidents’ Leadership Styles and Faculty Job Satisfaction”, Annual Conference of the Eastern Educational Research Association, Clearwater Beach, FL, February 14-17.
42. Schuler, R. S., (1973), “A Path-Goal Theory of Leadership: An Empirical Investigation” A Dissertation, Submitted to Michigan State University İn Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Management.
43. KitaplarAycan, Z., (2006). “Paternalism Towards Conceptual Refinement and Operationalization” Chapter 20, 445-466, Ch20.qxd.Albayrak, A. S. (2006). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
44. Aycan, Z. (2014). Paternalistic Leadership, Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, Edited by Professor Sir Cary L Cooper.
45. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2009). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı. 10. Baskı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
46. Nakip, M. (2013). Pazarlamada Araştırma Teknikleri ve SPSS Uygulamaları, 3. Baskı (Ankara: Seçkin).
47. Sargut, S. (2001). Kültürlerarası Farklılaşma ve Yönetim, İmge Kitapevi, Ankara.
48. Şencan, H., (2005). Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık.