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Göksel Baktagir’s Kanun Performance Techniques: The Instrumental Composition ‘Dalgalar’ as a Case Study

Sayı: 35 5 Ocak 2026
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Göksel Baktagir’s Kanun Performance Techniques: The Instrumental Composition ‘Dalgalar’ as a Case Study

Abstract

This study examines Göksel Baktagir’s performance techniques through the lens of Dalgalar, focusing particularly on the performance practices he developed and utilized and the notational representations of these techniques. The research employed document analysis and interview methods to gather relevant data. Within this framework, two versions of the composition's score were accessed—one published in 1997 and another handwritten by the composer himself—and two video recordings in which the composer performs the piece and the commercial album version where the work is featured. To identify performance techniques not indicated in the score, an interview was conducted with Göksel Baktagir. This interview also provided insights into the compositional process behind Dalgalar and the performance techniques used throughout the piece. The findings revealed that in the The Free Rhythmical Section for Kanun section of the composition, the techniques of arpeggio, fingernail glissando, and pull-off plectrum (çektirme mızrap) were employed. In the Müsemmen section, the analysis identified the use of arpeggio, fingernail glissando, plectrum glissando, right-hand tremolo, octave playing, double stops (çift ses), lever change, pull-off plectrum, rhythmic bass stroke, and palm muting (string muting with the left hand). Also, it was determined that the asymmetric performance technique was used in the piece. It was found that Baktagir developed specific notation symbols to represent techniques such as fingernail glissando, plectrum glissando, octave, palm muting, çektirme mızrap, and rhythmic bass stroke. Notably, the rhythmic bass stroke technique was identified as a performance technique developed by Baktagir.

Keywords

Göksel Baktagir , Dalgalar , instrumental composition , performance technique , kanun.

Kaynakça

  1. Ak, A. Ş. (2014). Türk mûsikîsi tarihi (History of Turkish music) (3rd. Edition). Akçağ Press.
  2. Akgüneş, S. (2020). Göksel Baktagir'in kanun etütlerinin mesleki müzik eğitimi kurumlarındaki uygulanma durumu üzerine bir inceleme (Investigation of Göksel Baktagir’s kanun studies on the application status in vocational music education institutions) (Publication No. 620162) (MSc Thesis, Gazi University).
  3. Akkuş, S. (2004). Türk müziğinde Halil Karaduman ve Göksel Baktagir'in müzik ve kanun sazındaki eğilimleri ve yönelişleri (Musical tendencies and approaches of Halil Karaduman and Göksel Baktagir in Turkish music and the kanun instrument) (Thesis No. 146264) (MSc Thesis, Ege University).
  4. Ayar, H. D., Küçükdemirkesen, B. and Algı, S. (2024). Çalgı eğitiminde kullanılan Göksel Baktagir’e ait sirto ve longaların analizi (Analysis of sirtos and longas of Göksel Baktagir used in instrument training), İstem, (43), pp. 187-216.
  5. Baktagir, G. (2014). Kanun sazında sağ ve sol el için yazılmış teknik geliştirici etütler ve saz eserleri (Etudes and instrumental pieces for improving technical skill in playing kanun written for right and left hand) (Thesis No. 359975) (MSc Thesis, İstanbul Technical University).
  6. Baktagir, G. (2020). Bestekâr bir ömre adanmış beste hikâyeleri (Composition Stories Devoted to a Composer's Lifelong Journey) (2nd edition). Hayal Gibi Music Production and Organization.
  7. Baktagir, G. (2022). Kanun günlükleri: Enstrümanlar için etütler kitabı (Kanun diaries: An etude book for instruments). MN Press and Advertising.
  8. Bayrakçı, Ö. F. (2020). Bir sazın hikâyesi: Ustaların gözünden kanun yapımcılığının dünü bugünü (The story of an instrument: The past and present of qanun producing from the viewpoint of instrument manufacturers), Journal of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology, 7(13), pp. 9-40.
  9. Giray, M. Z. (2023). Göksel Baktagir'in kanun taksimlerinin makamsal analizi (The kanun improvisations of Göksel Baktagir maqamal analysis) (Thesis No. 819068) (PhD Thesis, İnönü University).
  10. Gül, K. (2015). Göksel Baktagir eserlerinin makam, usûl ve form yönünden incelenmesi (A research of the works of Göksel Baktagir by makam, rhytms and forms) (Thesis No. 407631) (MSc Thesis, Cumhuriyet University).

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ateş, A., & Çalhan, N. (2026). Göksel Baktagir’s Kanun Performance Techniques: The Instrumental Composition ‘Dalgalar’ as a Case Study. Yedi, 35, 159-175. https://doi.org/10.17484/yedi.1796113