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A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs

Cilt: 31 29 Nisan 2026
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A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs

Öz

Waste newspapers were converted into high-value cellulose and used as a bio-based additive in the production of polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes. It was aimed to improve proton transport while maintaining mechanical stability. Cellulose was obtained from the newspaper through successive deinking, cleaning and hydrolysis steps. Then incorporated into PES at weight percentages of 1%, 5%, and 10% via solution casting. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm that the cellulose backbone is preserved and the PES structure is maintained, with no evidence of new covalent bond formation, indicating a physical mixture where secondary interactions are dominant. Thermal analysis reveals that although cellulose addition alters the thermal degradation behavior of the membrane, the same mass conservation value is achieved at 800oC. Hydration-related properties were temperature-dependent and not monotonic with loading. The highest water uptake was observed with 5% cellulose (water uptake capacity: 7.91 at 25oC and 9.97 at 80oC), whereas 10% cellulose exhibited lower water uptake (water uptake capacity: 2.16 at 25oC; 3.09 at 80oC), which is due to morphology and distribution effects. Mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength increased from 48.3 MPa to 58.7 MPa with 5% cellulose doped. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy determined that the resistance of the PES-%10 Cellulose membrane decreased by %58.7 compared to pristine PES, and the proton conductivity increased from 2.73 to 14.8 mS cm-1. Overall, waste-derived cellulose effectively improved proton transport in PES membranes, and performance depended on the balance between hydrophilic pathway coupling and composite structure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PEMFC, Membrane, Cellulose, PES, Composite

Etik Beyan

The authors of this article declare that the materials and methods used in this study did not require approval from an ethics committee. The author(s) declare that the materials and methods used in this study do not require ethics committee approval and/or any legal or special permission.

Teşekkür

This study was partially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under the 2209-A Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students.

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

APA
Erdemir, N. D., Can, Ç., & Yağızatlı, Y. (2026). A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 31, 141-159. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1858435
AMA
1.Erdemir ND, Can Ç, Yağızatlı Y. A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs. YYUFBED. 2026;31:141-159. doi:10.53433/yyufbed.1858435
Chicago
Erdemir, Nisa Doğa, Çağla Can, ve Yavuz Yağızatlı. 2026. “A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 31 (Nisan): 141-59. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1858435.
EndNote
Erdemir ND, Can Ç, Yağızatlı Y (01 Nisan 2026) A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 31 141–159.
IEEE
[1]N. D. Erdemir, Ç. Can, ve Y. Yağızatlı, “A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs”, YYUFBED, c. 31, ss. 141–159, Nis. 2026, doi: 10.53433/yyufbed.1858435.
ISNAD
Erdemir, Nisa Doğa - Can, Çağla - Yağızatlı, Yavuz. “A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 31 (01 Nisan 2026): 141-159. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1858435.
JAMA
1.Erdemir ND, Can Ç, Yağızatlı Y. A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs. YYUFBED. 2026;31:141–159.
MLA
Erdemir, Nisa Doğa, vd. “A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 31, Nisan 2026, ss. 141-59, doi:10.53433/yyufbed.1858435.
Vancouver
1.Nisa Doğa Erdemir, Çağla Can, Yavuz Yağızatlı. A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs. YYUFBED. 01 Nisan 2026;31:141-59. doi:10.53433/yyufbed.1858435