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Çiğ, Pastörize ve UHT Süt ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı

Year 2013, Volume: 11 Issue: 3-4, 77 - 84, 01.09.2013

Abstract

Süt ve süt ürünleri günlük beslenmenin önemli bir parçasıdır. Yapısında bulunan protein, lipit, karbonhidrat, vitamin ve mineraller süte yüksek besin değeri kazandırırlar. Ancak sütün bazı durumlarda arzu edilmeyen olumsuzluklara da yol açması mümkündür. Toplum içerisinde çok sayıda bireyin günlük yaşamda ve diyet uygulamalarında sıklıkla süt ve süt ürünleri tercih etmelerinin yanında süt ve süt ürünleri bebekler ve çocuklar tarafından gelişimleri esnasında daha çok tüketilmektedir. Mikroorganizma gelişmesi açısından yüksek risk kategorisindeki gıdalar arasında yer alan süt için, çiftlikten başlayarak son tüketim noktasına kadar belli önlemlerin alınması ve HACCP sistemi uygulaması ürün güvenliği açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Toksik bileşikler özellikle Aflatoxin M1 AFM1 ve kalıntılar, ürün kalite ve güvencesinde büyük etkiye sahiptirler. Bu durum da süt ve süt ürünlerinde bulunan AFM1 düzeyinin tespitini halk sağlığı açısından oldukça önemli kılar. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar AFM1’in süt ve süt ürünlerinde yaygınlaştığını göstermektedir. Bu derlemede AFM1’in peynir dışındaki diğer süt ve süt ürünlerinde çiğ/pastörize/UHT süt, fermente süt ürünleri, tereyağı ve süttozunda kontaminasyonu konusunda günümüze kadar yapılmış olan yurtiçi ve yurtdışı yayınlarında belirlenen AFM1 düzeylerinin Uluslararası Avrupa Birliği ve FAO/WHO Kodeks Alimentarius Mevzuatlara ve Türk Gıda Kodeksine standartlarına uygunlukları tespit edilmiştir

References

  • Akdemir, C., Altıntaş, A., 2003. Ankara’da içilen sütlerde AFM1 varlığının ve düzeylerinin HPLC ile araştırılması. Ulusal Mikotoksin Sempozyumu, pp: 82-97, 18-19 Eylül 2003, Istanbul.
  • Akkaya, L., Birdane, Y. O., Oğuz, H., Cemek, M., 2006. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in yoghurt samples from Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Bullettin Vet Inst. Pulawy 50: 517-519.
  • Bakırcı, I., 2001. A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Van province of Turkey. Food Control 12: 47-51.
  • Bilandzc, N., Varenina, I., Bozica, S., 2010. Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in Croatia. Food Control 21: 1279-1281.
  • Blanco, J.L., Carrion, B.A., Liria, N., Diaz, G., Garcia, M.E., Dominguez, L., Suarez, G., 1993. Behaviour of aflatoxins during manufacture and storage of yoghurt. Milchwissenschaft 48: 385-387.
  • Çelik, T., H., Sarımehmetoğlu, B., Kuplulu, Ö., 2005. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurised milk. Veterinarski Arhiv 75: 57-65.
  • De Oliveira, C.A.F., Germano, P.M.L., 1996. Evaluation immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in milk powder contaminated with known concentrations of aflatoxin M1. Revista de Saude Publica 30: 542- 548. enzyme-linked
  • Deveci, O., Sezgin, E., 2005. Aflatoxin M1 levels of skim milk powders produced in Turkey. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 13: 139-142.
  • Deveci, O., Sezgin, E., 2006. Changes in concentration of aflatoxin M1 during manufacture and storage of skim milk powder. Journal of Food Protection 69: 682-685.
  • El-Deeb, S.A., 1989. Interaction of AFM1 on the physiological and morphological properties of Lactobacillus thermophilus. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research 47: 123-129. and Streptococcus
  • Elgerbi, A.M., Aidoo, K.E., Candlish, A.A.G., 2003. Detoxification of aflatoxin M1 in milk with lactic acid bacteria and related genera. Proceedings of the Second World Mycotoxin Forum, Nordwjik, The Netherlands.
  • Elgerbi, A.M., Aidoo, K.E., Candlish, A.A.G., Tester, R.F., 2004. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in randomly selected North African milk and cheese samples. Food Additives Contaminants 21: 592-597.
  • Elmalı, M., Yapar, K., Kart, A., Yaman, H., 2008. Aflatoxin M1 levels in milk powder consumed in Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7(5): 643-645.
  • El-Nazami, H., Kankaanpaa, P., Salminen, S., Ahokas, J., 1998. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen, aflatoxin B1. Food and Chemical Toxicology 36: 321-326.
  • Fallah, A.A., 2010. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in central part of Iran, Food and Chemical Toxicology 48: 988-991.
  • Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., De Angelis, A., 1998. Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy. Journal of Food Protection 61: 738-741.
  • Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., Ritieni, A., Bognanno, M., Angelis, A., Galvano, G., 2001. Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy: second year of observation. Food Additives Contaminants 18: 644-646.
  • Ghazani, M. H. M., 2009. Aflatoxin M contamination in pasteurized milk in Tabriz, Food and Chemical Toxicology 47: 1624-1625.
  • Ghiasian, S.A., Maghsood, A.H., Tirang, R., Mirhendi, S.H., 2007. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk during the summer and winter seasons in Hamedan, Iran, Journal of Food Safety 27: 188- 198.
  • Govaris, A., Roussi, V., Koidis, P.A., Botsoglou, N.A., 2002. Distribution and stability of aflatoxin M during production and storage of yoghurt. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 19(11): 1043
  • Gündinç, U., Filazi, A., 2009. Detection of aflatoxin M1 concentrations in UHT milk consumed in Turkey markets by ELISA. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12: 653-656.
  • Gürbay, A., Aydın, S., Girgin, G., Engin, B.B., Şahin, G., 2006. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 levels in milk in Ankara, Turkey. Food Control 17: 1-4.
  • Gürbay, A., Engin, A.B., Aydın, S., Şahin, G., 2005. Ankara’da sıklıkla tüketilen süt örneklerinde AFM1 düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. II. Ulusal Mikotoksin Sempozyumu 23-24 Mayıs 2005, pp. 179, Istanbul
  • Gürbay, A., Engin, A.B., Çağlayan, A., Şahin, G., 2006. Aflatoxin M1 levels in commonly consumed cheese and yoghurt samples in Ankara, Ecology of Food Nutrition 45: 449-459.
  • Hassanin, N.I., 1994. Stability of aflatoxin M1 during manufacture and storage of yoghurt, yoghurt- cheese and acidified milk. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 65: 31-34.
  • Heshmati, A., Milani, J.M., 2010. Contamination of UHT milk by aflatoxin M1 in Iran. Food Control 21: 19-22.
  • Hussain, I., Anwar, J., Asi, M.R., Munawar, M.A., Kashir, M., 2010. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk from five dairy species in Pakistan, Food Control 21: 122-124.
  • İmtiaz, H., Anwar, J., 2007. A study on contamination of aflatoxin in raw milk in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Food Control 19: 393-395.
  • Jasutiene, I., Garmiene, G., Kulikauskiene, M., 2006. Pasteurisation and fermentation effects on Aflatoxin M1 stability. Milchwissenschaft 61(1): 75- 79.
  • Karimi, G., Hassanzadeh, M., Teimuri, M., Nili, A., 2007. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized milk in Mashhad, Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3: 153-156.
  • Kendirci, P., Altuğ, T., 2004. Carry-over of aflatoxin M1 from milk to kefir and kefir grain. Milchwissenschaft 59: 399-401.
  • Kim, E.K.; Shon, D., Ryu, H.D., Park, J.W., Hwang, H.J., Kim, Y.B., 2000. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Korean dairy products determined by ELISA and HPLC. Food Additives and Contaminants 17: 59-64
  • Martins, M.L., Martins, M.H., 2000. Aflatoxin M1 in raw and ultra high temperature-treated milk commercialized in Portugal, Food Additives and Contaminants 17: 871-874.
  • Martins, M.L., Martins, M.H., 2004. Aflatoxin M1 in yoghurts in Portugal. International Journal of Food Microbiology 91: 315-317
  • Megalla, S.E., Hafez, A.H., 1982. Detoxification of aflatoxin Mycopathologia 77: 89-91. acidogenous yoghurt.
  • Monti, L., Panarelli, E.V., Iametti, S., Giangiacomo, R., 2009. Aflatoxin M1 distribution during cream separation and butter manufacture from naturally contaminated milk. Milchwissenschaft 64: 81-84.
  • Nuryono, N., Agus, A., Wedhastri, S., Maryudani, Y.B., Sigit Setyabudi, F.M.C., Böhm, J., 2009. A limited survey of aflatoxin M1 in milk from Indonesia by ELISA. Food Control 20: 721-724.
  • Oliveira, C.A.F., Ferraz, J.C.O., 2007. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurised, UHT milk and milk powder from goat origin. Food Control 18: 375-378.
  • Oruç, H.H., Sonal, S. 2001. Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in cheese and milk consumed in Bursa, Turkey. Vet. Human Toxicol. 43: 292-293.
  • Özdemir, M., 2007. Determination of aflatoxin M levels in in goat milk consumed in Kilis province. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 54: 99-103.
  • Özkaya, S., Başaran, A, Topuz, F., Akdemir, C., 2003. Türkiyede üretilen sütlerde AFM1 aranması. Ulusal Mikotoksin Sempozyumu, pp: 93-98, 18-19 Eylül 2003, Istanbul.
  • Pierides, M.H., El-Nazami, P., Kankaanpaa, S., Salminen, S, Ahokas, J.T., 2000. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind aflatoxin M1 in food model. Journal of Food Protection 63: 645- 650.
  • Prandini, A., Tansini, G., Sigolo, S., Filippi, L., Laporta, M., Piva, G., 2009. On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47: 984-991.
  • Rahimi, E., Bonyadian, M., Rafei, M., Kazemeini, H.R., 2010. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in Ahvaz, Iran, Food and Chemical Toxicology 48: 129-131.
  • Rahimi, E., Shakerian, A., Jafariyan, M., Ebrahimi, E., Riahi, M., 2009. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw, pasteurized and UHT milk commercialized in Esfahan and Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Food Security 1: 317-320.
  • Rasic, J.L., Skrinjar, M., Markov, S., 1991. Decrease of aflatoxin B1 in yoghurt and acidified milks. Mycopathologia 113: 117-119.
  • Rastogi, S., Dwivedi, P.D., Khanna, S.K., Das, M., 2004. Detection of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and infant milk products from Indian markets by ELISA. Food Control 15: 287-290.
  • Sefidgar, S.A.A., Gholampour, A., Khosravi, A.R., Roudbar-Mohammadi, S.R., 2008. Presence of aflatoxin M in raw milk at cattle farms in Babol, Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11: 484-486.
  • Sutic, M., Banina, A., 1979. The effect of aflatoxin B1 on the morphological properties of lactic acid bacteria, Mikrobiologija 16: 113-120.
  • Sylos, C.M., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Carvalho, P.R.N., 1996. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products commercialized in Campinas, Brazil. Food Addit. Contam. 13 (2), 169– 172.
  • Tajik, H., Rohani, R.S.M., Moradi, M., 2007. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in raw und commercial pasteurised milk in Urmia, Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10: 4103-4107.
  • Tajkarimi, M., Aliabadi-Sh, F., Salah Nejad, A., Poursoltani, H., Motabelli, A.A., Mahdavi, H., 2008. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in winter and summer milk in 14 states in Iran. Food Control 19: 1033- 1036.
  • Tekinşen, K.K., Eken, H.S., 2008. Aflatoxin M levels in UHT milk and kashar cheese consumed in Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46: 3287
  • Unusan, N., 2006. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk in Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44: 1897-1900.
  • Van Egmond, H.P., Paulsch, W.E., Veringa, H.A., Schuller, P.L., 1977. The effect of processing on the aflatoxin M content of milk and milk products. Archives of the Institute Pasteur (Tunis) 4: 381-390.
  • Wiseman, D.W., Marth, E.H., 1983. Behaviour of aflatoxin M in yoghurt, buttermilk and kefir. Journal of Food Protection 46: 115-118.
  • Wiseman, D.W., Applebaum, R.S., Brackett, R.E., Marth, E.H., 1983. Distribution and resistance to pasteurisation of aflatoxin M1 in naturally contaminated whole milk, cream and skim milk. Journal of Food Protection 46(6): 530-532.
  • Yousef, A.E., Marth, E.H., 1985. Degradation of aflatoxin M1 in milk by ultraviolet energy. Journal of Food Protection 48: 697-698.
  • Zinedine, A., Gonzalez-Osnaya, L., Soriano, J.M., Molto, J.C., Idrissi, I., Maries, J., 2007. Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milk from Morocco, International Journal of Food Microbiology 114: 25- 29.

Existence of AFM1 in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk, Butter, Fermented Dairy Products and Milk Powder

Year 2013, Volume: 11 Issue: 3-4, 77 - 84, 01.09.2013

Abstract

Milk and dairy products are important part of daily nourishment. Protein, lipid, carbohydrate, vitamin and minerals which are constituents of milk, provide high nutrition value to milk. However, milk may enable undesirable problems at certain conditions. Most people prefer milk and dairy products in their daily life and diet practices, but milk and its products are commonly consumed by infants and children during their growth. Taking certain precautions and HACCP applications from farm to fork concept is very important from food safety viewpoints for the milk which is in the high risk category foods from microbial growth viewpoints. Toxic components, especially Aflatoxin M1 AFM1 and remnants have great influence on quality and safety of foods. For this reason, the determination of AFM1 level has become very important in terms of public health. Recent studies have shown that AFM1 has been widespread in milk and dairy products. In this study, the conformation to legislation and standards EU, FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius of AFM1contamination levels in milk and dairy products except cheese raw/pasteurized/UHT milk, fermented, butter and milk powder determined by national and international studies were reviewed

References

  • Akdemir, C., Altıntaş, A., 2003. Ankara’da içilen sütlerde AFM1 varlığının ve düzeylerinin HPLC ile araştırılması. Ulusal Mikotoksin Sempozyumu, pp: 82-97, 18-19 Eylül 2003, Istanbul.
  • Akkaya, L., Birdane, Y. O., Oğuz, H., Cemek, M., 2006. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in yoghurt samples from Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Bullettin Vet Inst. Pulawy 50: 517-519.
  • Bakırcı, I., 2001. A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Van province of Turkey. Food Control 12: 47-51.
  • Bilandzc, N., Varenina, I., Bozica, S., 2010. Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in Croatia. Food Control 21: 1279-1281.
  • Blanco, J.L., Carrion, B.A., Liria, N., Diaz, G., Garcia, M.E., Dominguez, L., Suarez, G., 1993. Behaviour of aflatoxins during manufacture and storage of yoghurt. Milchwissenschaft 48: 385-387.
  • Çelik, T., H., Sarımehmetoğlu, B., Kuplulu, Ö., 2005. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurised milk. Veterinarski Arhiv 75: 57-65.
  • De Oliveira, C.A.F., Germano, P.M.L., 1996. Evaluation immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in milk powder contaminated with known concentrations of aflatoxin M1. Revista de Saude Publica 30: 542- 548. enzyme-linked
  • Deveci, O., Sezgin, E., 2005. Aflatoxin M1 levels of skim milk powders produced in Turkey. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 13: 139-142.
  • Deveci, O., Sezgin, E., 2006. Changes in concentration of aflatoxin M1 during manufacture and storage of skim milk powder. Journal of Food Protection 69: 682-685.
  • El-Deeb, S.A., 1989. Interaction of AFM1 on the physiological and morphological properties of Lactobacillus thermophilus. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research 47: 123-129. and Streptococcus
  • Elgerbi, A.M., Aidoo, K.E., Candlish, A.A.G., 2003. Detoxification of aflatoxin M1 in milk with lactic acid bacteria and related genera. Proceedings of the Second World Mycotoxin Forum, Nordwjik, The Netherlands.
  • Elgerbi, A.M., Aidoo, K.E., Candlish, A.A.G., Tester, R.F., 2004. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in randomly selected North African milk and cheese samples. Food Additives Contaminants 21: 592-597.
  • Elmalı, M., Yapar, K., Kart, A., Yaman, H., 2008. Aflatoxin M1 levels in milk powder consumed in Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7(5): 643-645.
  • El-Nazami, H., Kankaanpaa, P., Salminen, S., Ahokas, J., 1998. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen, aflatoxin B1. Food and Chemical Toxicology 36: 321-326.
  • Fallah, A.A., 2010. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in central part of Iran, Food and Chemical Toxicology 48: 988-991.
  • Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., De Angelis, A., 1998. Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy. Journal of Food Protection 61: 738-741.
  • Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., Ritieni, A., Bognanno, M., Angelis, A., Galvano, G., 2001. Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy: second year of observation. Food Additives Contaminants 18: 644-646.
  • Ghazani, M. H. M., 2009. Aflatoxin M contamination in pasteurized milk in Tabriz, Food and Chemical Toxicology 47: 1624-1625.
  • Ghiasian, S.A., Maghsood, A.H., Tirang, R., Mirhendi, S.H., 2007. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk during the summer and winter seasons in Hamedan, Iran, Journal of Food Safety 27: 188- 198.
  • Govaris, A., Roussi, V., Koidis, P.A., Botsoglou, N.A., 2002. Distribution and stability of aflatoxin M during production and storage of yoghurt. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 19(11): 1043
  • Gündinç, U., Filazi, A., 2009. Detection of aflatoxin M1 concentrations in UHT milk consumed in Turkey markets by ELISA. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12: 653-656.
  • Gürbay, A., Aydın, S., Girgin, G., Engin, B.B., Şahin, G., 2006. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 levels in milk in Ankara, Turkey. Food Control 17: 1-4.
  • Gürbay, A., Engin, A.B., Aydın, S., Şahin, G., 2005. Ankara’da sıklıkla tüketilen süt örneklerinde AFM1 düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. II. Ulusal Mikotoksin Sempozyumu 23-24 Mayıs 2005, pp. 179, Istanbul
  • Gürbay, A., Engin, A.B., Çağlayan, A., Şahin, G., 2006. Aflatoxin M1 levels in commonly consumed cheese and yoghurt samples in Ankara, Ecology of Food Nutrition 45: 449-459.
  • Hassanin, N.I., 1994. Stability of aflatoxin M1 during manufacture and storage of yoghurt, yoghurt- cheese and acidified milk. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 65: 31-34.
  • Heshmati, A., Milani, J.M., 2010. Contamination of UHT milk by aflatoxin M1 in Iran. Food Control 21: 19-22.
  • Hussain, I., Anwar, J., Asi, M.R., Munawar, M.A., Kashir, M., 2010. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk from five dairy species in Pakistan, Food Control 21: 122-124.
  • İmtiaz, H., Anwar, J., 2007. A study on contamination of aflatoxin in raw milk in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Food Control 19: 393-395.
  • Jasutiene, I., Garmiene, G., Kulikauskiene, M., 2006. Pasteurisation and fermentation effects on Aflatoxin M1 stability. Milchwissenschaft 61(1): 75- 79.
  • Karimi, G., Hassanzadeh, M., Teimuri, M., Nili, A., 2007. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized milk in Mashhad, Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3: 153-156.
  • Kendirci, P., Altuğ, T., 2004. Carry-over of aflatoxin M1 from milk to kefir and kefir grain. Milchwissenschaft 59: 399-401.
  • Kim, E.K.; Shon, D., Ryu, H.D., Park, J.W., Hwang, H.J., Kim, Y.B., 2000. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Korean dairy products determined by ELISA and HPLC. Food Additives and Contaminants 17: 59-64
  • Martins, M.L., Martins, M.H., 2000. Aflatoxin M1 in raw and ultra high temperature-treated milk commercialized in Portugal, Food Additives and Contaminants 17: 871-874.
  • Martins, M.L., Martins, M.H., 2004. Aflatoxin M1 in yoghurts in Portugal. International Journal of Food Microbiology 91: 315-317
  • Megalla, S.E., Hafez, A.H., 1982. Detoxification of aflatoxin Mycopathologia 77: 89-91. acidogenous yoghurt.
  • Monti, L., Panarelli, E.V., Iametti, S., Giangiacomo, R., 2009. Aflatoxin M1 distribution during cream separation and butter manufacture from naturally contaminated milk. Milchwissenschaft 64: 81-84.
  • Nuryono, N., Agus, A., Wedhastri, S., Maryudani, Y.B., Sigit Setyabudi, F.M.C., Böhm, J., 2009. A limited survey of aflatoxin M1 in milk from Indonesia by ELISA. Food Control 20: 721-724.
  • Oliveira, C.A.F., Ferraz, J.C.O., 2007. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurised, UHT milk and milk powder from goat origin. Food Control 18: 375-378.
  • Oruç, H.H., Sonal, S. 2001. Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in cheese and milk consumed in Bursa, Turkey. Vet. Human Toxicol. 43: 292-293.
  • Özdemir, M., 2007. Determination of aflatoxin M levels in in goat milk consumed in Kilis province. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 54: 99-103.
  • Özkaya, S., Başaran, A, Topuz, F., Akdemir, C., 2003. Türkiyede üretilen sütlerde AFM1 aranması. Ulusal Mikotoksin Sempozyumu, pp: 93-98, 18-19 Eylül 2003, Istanbul.
  • Pierides, M.H., El-Nazami, P., Kankaanpaa, S., Salminen, S, Ahokas, J.T., 2000. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind aflatoxin M1 in food model. Journal of Food Protection 63: 645- 650.
  • Prandini, A., Tansini, G., Sigolo, S., Filippi, L., Laporta, M., Piva, G., 2009. On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47: 984-991.
  • Rahimi, E., Bonyadian, M., Rafei, M., Kazemeini, H.R., 2010. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in Ahvaz, Iran, Food and Chemical Toxicology 48: 129-131.
  • Rahimi, E., Shakerian, A., Jafariyan, M., Ebrahimi, E., Riahi, M., 2009. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw, pasteurized and UHT milk commercialized in Esfahan and Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Food Security 1: 317-320.
  • Rasic, J.L., Skrinjar, M., Markov, S., 1991. Decrease of aflatoxin B1 in yoghurt and acidified milks. Mycopathologia 113: 117-119.
  • Rastogi, S., Dwivedi, P.D., Khanna, S.K., Das, M., 2004. Detection of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and infant milk products from Indian markets by ELISA. Food Control 15: 287-290.
  • Sefidgar, S.A.A., Gholampour, A., Khosravi, A.R., Roudbar-Mohammadi, S.R., 2008. Presence of aflatoxin M in raw milk at cattle farms in Babol, Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11: 484-486.
  • Sutic, M., Banina, A., 1979. The effect of aflatoxin B1 on the morphological properties of lactic acid bacteria, Mikrobiologija 16: 113-120.
  • Sylos, C.M., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Carvalho, P.R.N., 1996. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products commercialized in Campinas, Brazil. Food Addit. Contam. 13 (2), 169– 172.
  • Tajik, H., Rohani, R.S.M., Moradi, M., 2007. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in raw und commercial pasteurised milk in Urmia, Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10: 4103-4107.
  • Tajkarimi, M., Aliabadi-Sh, F., Salah Nejad, A., Poursoltani, H., Motabelli, A.A., Mahdavi, H., 2008. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in winter and summer milk in 14 states in Iran. Food Control 19: 1033- 1036.
  • Tekinşen, K.K., Eken, H.S., 2008. Aflatoxin M levels in UHT milk and kashar cheese consumed in Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46: 3287
  • Unusan, N., 2006. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk in Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44: 1897-1900.
  • Van Egmond, H.P., Paulsch, W.E., Veringa, H.A., Schuller, P.L., 1977. The effect of processing on the aflatoxin M content of milk and milk products. Archives of the Institute Pasteur (Tunis) 4: 381-390.
  • Wiseman, D.W., Marth, E.H., 1983. Behaviour of aflatoxin M in yoghurt, buttermilk and kefir. Journal of Food Protection 46: 115-118.
  • Wiseman, D.W., Applebaum, R.S., Brackett, R.E., Marth, E.H., 1983. Distribution and resistance to pasteurisation of aflatoxin M1 in naturally contaminated whole milk, cream and skim milk. Journal of Food Protection 46(6): 530-532.
  • Yousef, A.E., Marth, E.H., 1985. Degradation of aflatoxin M1 in milk by ultraviolet energy. Journal of Food Protection 48: 697-698.
  • Zinedine, A., Gonzalez-Osnaya, L., Soriano, J.M., Molto, J.C., Idrissi, I., Maries, J., 2007. Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milk from Morocco, International Journal of Food Microbiology 114: 25- 29.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Selda Bulca This is me

Cavit Bircan This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2013
Submission Date May 12, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 11 Issue: 3-4

Cite

APA Bulca, S., & Bircan, C. (2013). Çiğ, Pastörize ve UHT Süt ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı. Akademik Gıda, 11(3-4), 77-84.
AMA Bulca S, Bircan C. Çiğ, Pastörize ve UHT Süt ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı. Akademik Gıda. September 2013;11(3-4):77-84.
Chicago Bulca, Selda, and Cavit Bircan. “Çiğ, Pastörize Ve UHT Süt Ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri Ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı”. Akademik Gıda 11, no. 3-4 (September 2013): 77-84.
EndNote Bulca S, Bircan C (September 1, 2013) Çiğ, Pastörize ve UHT Süt ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı. Akademik Gıda 11 3-4 77–84.
IEEE S. Bulca and C. Bircan, “Çiğ, Pastörize ve UHT Süt ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı”, Akademik Gıda, vol. 11, no. 3-4, pp. 77–84, 2013.
ISNAD Bulca, Selda - Bircan, Cavit. “Çiğ, Pastörize Ve UHT Süt Ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri Ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı”. Akademik Gıda 11/3-4 (September 2013), 77-84.
JAMA Bulca S, Bircan C. Çiğ, Pastörize ve UHT Süt ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı. Akademik Gıda. 2013;11:77–84.
MLA Bulca, Selda and Cavit Bircan. “Çiğ, Pastörize Ve UHT Süt Ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri Ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı”. Akademik Gıda, vol. 11, no. 3-4, 2013, pp. 77-84.
Vancouver Bulca S, Bircan C. Çiğ, Pastörize ve UHT Süt ile Tereyağı, Fermente Süt Ürünleri ve Süttozunda AFM1 varlığı. Akademik Gıda. 2013;11(3-4):77-84.

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