Instructions to Authors

The Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science (BSJ Eng Sci) has been published six times (January, March, May, July, September, and November) as of January 2024, and is an international, double-blind, peer-reviewed journal. BSJ Eng Sci is an open-access international e-journal. BSJ Eng Sci publishes, in Turkish or English, original research articles, innovative papers, conference papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications, or technical notes on various aspects related to or associated with engineering and science.

Articles submitted to the journal must be original and not previously published (excluding articles presented at scientific meetings or those with only an abstract) or currently under review.

Articles submitted to the journal are first pre-reviewed by the Editors-in-Chief in accordance with the publication guidelines. The Editors-in-Chief reserve the right to return articles deemed unsuitable for publication to the author(s) without sending them to reviewers. Additionally, articles that do not adhere to writing rules or have inadequate language may be returned to the author(s) for correction by the Editors-in-Chief. Authors are advised to have their English-language articles reviewed by a linguist before submitting them. Articles that meet the specified requirements and are deemed suitable for peer review are either reviewed by a field editor appointed by the Editors-in-Chief or sent directly to at least two or more expert reviewers in the relevant field. Authors may suggest up to three potential reviewers who are experts in the subject matter and not from the same institution in the "Notes to Editor" section.

All instances of publishing misconduct, including, but not limited to, plagiarism, data fabrication, image/data manipulation to falsify/enhance results, manipulation of the reviewing process, etc., will result in rejection/retraction of the manuscript.

All responsibility for the scientific content of the articles to be published in the journal belongs to the author(s). "Copyright Form" and "Conflict of Interest Statement" forms must be signed by all authors and uploaded to the journal's online application system as a separate supplementary file by the responsible author.

All authors must be registered in the DergiPark system. During the article upload process, the names, institution addresses, email addresses, and ORCID numbers of all authors must be entered in the metadata section. If any of the authors are not registered in the DergiPark system, the article is on hold, and the editor has not been appointed. Additionally, the abstract and references of the article should be included in the metadata section. If any of the mentioned information is missing, the article will be returned to the corresponding author to complete the information.

Ethical committee approval should be obtained for the studies on survey, clinical, or experimental in humans or animals, and ethics committee reports should be attached when submitting the manuscript. Additionally, this approval should be stated in the article. After the manuscript is accepted, the authors' names and the order of the authors cannot be changed.

After the referee evaluation, articles that require revision are sent electronically to the author(s) through the DergiPark system. The author/s should take into account the comments of the referee/s and explain the comments and criticisms one by one. They must also prepare a detailed explanation in case they disagree with the reviewers' criticism. The revised articles that have passed the referee evaluations should be uploaded to the system, along with the "Response to Peer Review" file, within 30 days at the latest, and the article revision process must be completed. The specified period may be extended by the author's request for additional time or by the decision of the Editor-in-Chief. Otherwise, the existing article is considered a newly submitted article. Before making the final decision, the Editor-in-Chief reviews the revisions and corrections made by the author/s and makes the final decision on whether to publish the article.

Statement of Ethics in Research and Publication

The publication of peer-reviewed articles in agreement with the rules of Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement (https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bsengineering/policy) is an essential model for the BSJ Eng Sci. It is necessary to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the publishing process: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, and the publisher.
The journal's ethical statements are based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the Council of Science Editors (CSE) Editorial policy statements.
BSJ Eng Sci endorses the Higher Education Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Guidelines rules and will pursue cases of suspected research and publication misconduct. Additionally, this journal follows COPE and complies with the highest ethical standards in accordance with ethical laws.

Preparation of Manuscript (APA 7.0)

The journal adheres to APA (7.0) as its primary writing style, and authors are expected to prepare their articles in accordance with the following formatting guidelines. Author/s must thoroughly review the formatting guidelines and publication policies before submitting their articles and prepare their submissions accordingly.
 

General Format

The authors should consider the following sections to provide guidelines on how to prepare and compose their manuscript. Please read these standards to ensure a smooth peer-review and production process.

You can access the template from the "Manuscript Template" subtitle under the "EXPLORE" section on the Journal's home page.

Special words do not underline; use italics instead. Weights and measures must be expressed in the SI unit (metric) system, and temperatures in the Celsius (centigrade) scale.

Tables should be as simple as possible. Each table should be placed in an appropriate location within the text or on a separate page, as needed.

Figures (including graphs, photographs, etc.) should be clearly visible and understandable in the article, with sufficient resolution (details are provided in point 13 below). Each figure should be placed in an appropriate location within the text or on a separate page, as needed.

Authors must declare any financial support or relationships that may pose a conflict of interest.

Manuscript preparation is similar to original research articles, reviews, short communications, case reports, or technical notes.

Sectioning and Structure

The manuscript should be organized in the following sequence: title, abstract, keywords, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, ethics committee approval (for the human survey and animal experimental or clinical studies), conflict of interest, acknowledgments (optional), references, tables, and figures.

1) Title page

The type of the manuscript should be specified on the title page, such as original research articles, reviews, short communications, case reports, or technical notes.

The title of the manuscript should be typed in bold-faced print using upper letters and set in the center of the page. The title length of the manuscript must be limited to 250 characters, including spaces. Abbreviations are not permitted in the title.
Full names of all authors should be provided, with the family name, and indications of academic rank or other professional titles should not be used.
All authors' institutional addresses must include the institution name, city, postal code, and country information. ORCID numbers of all authors must be given on the cover page. The authors should be marked with "1" "2" "3", which should appear in superscript at the top right-hand corner of the author's name and at the beginning of each institution.
The email information of the corresponding author must be given. The corresponding author should be marked with "*".
2) Abstract and Keywords

The abstract is required for all article types (original research articles, reviews, short communications, case reports, or technical notes). The abstract should be one paragraph without sections and should not exceed 350 words for the Turkish abstract and 450 words for the English abstract (minimum 100 words for both languages), following the title section. The abstract should be free of references and abbreviations. The abstract should summarize the pertinent results in a concise yet clear manner.

At the end of the abstract, at least three and up to six keywords that best describe the research content should be listed. The term "Keywords" should appear in bold, followed by a colon. The first letter of each keyword is capitalized, separated by a comma, and should be ordered in order of importance.

3) Introduction

The introduction should provide the relevant background to the study, explain why the study was conducted, and specify the hypotheses to be tested. Extensive discussion of relevant literature should be included in the discussion of results, not in the introduction.

4) Materials and Methods

The materials and methods should present essential details, experimental design, and statistical analysis. A clear description or original reference is required for all biological, analytical, and statistical procedures used in the study. All modifications of procedures must be explained. Treatments and measurements should be described in clear terms. Statistical models and methods to analyze should be described clearly and fully.

5) Results

The results should present the results of the study. The results of the study should be presented in a table, and data means (numbers) should not be repeated broadly in the text. The results should be separate from the discussion and written in the past tense. Results and Discussion can be combined if the editor accepts.

6) Discussion

The discussion should clearly and concisely assess the results in terms of biological mechanisms. Previous findings in the discussion should not be repeated; instead, the author's results should be interpreted within the broader context of other studies on the subject with a minimum of speculation. The discussion should integrate with the research findings of other studies to provide the readers with a broad base for understanding whether the hypotheses tested were accepted or rejected. A conclusion section consisting of one or two paragraphs that concludes the main text should be added to the final part of the "Discussion" section. A conclusion can be presented under a separate heading.

7) Conclusion (optional)

This section is not mandatory. If included in the article, it consists of one or two paragraphs that conclude the main text.

8) Conflict of interest

The corresponding author must inform the editor of any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the author's interpretation of the data.

9) Ethical Consideration

For survey studies, experimental animal studies, or clinical studies, ethics committee approval must be obtained, and the approval date and number must be stated. If the article does not require an ethics committee approval (please check the "Ethical Principles Flow Chart"; https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bsengineering/page/13482), add the following statement to the ethics approval statement section: " Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because of there was no study on animals or humans."

10) Acknowledgments (optional)

The acknowledgments should be as brief as possible

11) References

References should be organized according to the APA (7.0). Examples and exceptions are listed below;

In the text, references should be cited in brackets and sorted chronologically.

Samples;
Onder et al. (2015)
Sen and Kuran (2017)
Sen (2014)
(Wu et al., 2006; Kenyon and Blair, 2014; Sen, 2015)

In the References section, articles should be listed in alphabetical order. The journal names in which the reference articles were published should be written in their full form, without abbreviations. Sample references are provided below.

Journal Articles
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Article title. Journal Name, Volume (Issue), page range. (if any: https://doi.org/xxxx)

Books
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the book: If there is a subtitle, it is written here (edition number, if any). Publisher.

Book Chapters
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Chapter title: Subtitle added if any. In Editor, E. E. (Ed.), Book title: Subtitle (edition number, pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx (if any)

Conference Papers
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title: Subtitle is added if any. Congress or symposium name (Page range). Publishing institution.

Thesis
Author, A. A. (Year). Thesis title (Doctoral dissertation, University name, Institute name). URL or DOI (if any)
Author, A. A. (Year). Thesis title (Master's thesis, University name, Institute name). URL or DOI (if any)

Internet Addressed Articles or Reports
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title: İf any subtitle. Publication name or organization. URL (accessed on Day Month Year).
 

12) Table

Any abbreviation used in a table must be defined in that table. Tables should be double-spaced with each table on a separate sheet. The font size can be adjusted according to the size of the Table (s). All tables should be cited in the text. The title of the table continues on the same line with only the first letter capitalized. For numerals less than 1, a zero should be inserted to the left of the decimal point, and if possible, columns should be center-aligned. If there are no data for a particular entry, a hyphen should be inserted in its place. If an explanation is necessary, an abbreviation can be used in the body of the table (e.g., ND), and it should be explained clearly in the footnotes. References to footnotes in a table are to be specified by superscript numbers, independently for each table. Superscript letters are used to designate statistical significance. Use an upper-case P to indicate probability values (i.e., P<0.05 or P<0.05). Presentation of pooled standard errors, the general basis for statistical comparisons of means, is recommended when the variance is homogeneous. These should be presented in a separate column or row. Standard errors can be attached to each mean by ± signs when the variance or SE is heterogeneous (e.g., unbalanced experiments or unequal numbers of observations in treatment means).

13) Figure

Figures (including graphs, photographs, etc.) should be clearly visible and understandable in the article, with sufficient resolution. Each figure should be placed in an appropriate location within the text or on a separate page, as needed. Figures should fit in one column (8 cm wide) or full-page width (17 cm wide). Unnecessary backgrounds and grid lines should be removed from graphs. Each axis should have a description and a unit. For bar charts, different fill patterns may be used if needed (black, white, gray, and stripes). The preferred file type for figures is JPEG, TIFF, or PPT. The minimum resolution is 300 dpi for color and grayscale figures, and 600 dpi for line art. A caption should be prepared to provide sufficient information and all abbreviations, and the symbols used in the figure should be defined in the caption. The figure caption should be prepared at the bottom of the figure.

14) Equations

The Equations should be numbered, and the formula number should be shown in parentheses on the right side of the formula. The main characters and variables should be given in italics, while numbers and mathematical expressions should be given with normal characters. The formulas should be given as 12 points. The equations should be cited in the text and given as "equation 1".

15) Manuscript file format

We request that you submit the article in "Word" (.doc or .docx) format. If you are using another word processor, please save the final version of the manuscript (using the 'Save As' option of the File menu) as a Word document. In this case, please double-check that the saved file can be opened in Word. We cannot accept PDFs or any other text files.

PUBLICATION ETHICS AND MALPRACTICE STATEMENT

The publication processes of the Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science are founded on the principles of producing, developing, and disseminating knowledge in an objective, transparent, and reliable manner through scientific methods. Peer-reviewed articles are essential components of this process, ensuring the rigorous application of scientific methodology and the maintenance of academic impartiality.

All stakeholders involved in the publication process—including the publisher, editors, authors, reviewers, and readers—are expected to adhere to the highest ethical standards. In this regard, the Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science conducts its publication ethics and open access policies in accordance with the principles, guidelines, and best practices issued by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the Council of Science Editors (CSE). In particular, the journal follows COPE’s Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors and COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors, and requires strict compliance with ethical principles at every stage of the publication process.

Any form of unethical behavior, including data fabrication, falsification, or manipulation, will result in the rejection of the manuscript. In such cases, the author(s)’ affiliated institution(s) will be formally notified. The journal reserves the right to request raw data, analysis files, and related documentation from authors in line with editorial evaluations and/or reviewer reports in order to verify the integrity and reliability of the reported results.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PUBLISHER

The publisher of the Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science is responsible for taking all necessary measures in cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, including fraud, plagiarism, or conflicts of interest arising from inappropriate collaboration with editors. These measures may include clarifying the situation, issuing corrections, retracting affected articles, or publishing statements of concern, as appropriate.
In cooperation with the editors, the publisher takes reasonable and effective steps to identify and prevent the publication of manuscripts in which research or publication ethics have been violated. Under no circumstances does the publisher encourage, support, or knowingly allow unethical publishing practices.
The Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science is obliged to respond to all allegations or suspicions of unethical behavior related to submitted or published manuscripts raised by readers, reviewers, or editors. Cases of suspected plagiarism, duplicate, or redundant publication are evaluated by the journal. Where necessary, the journal may request an investigation by the relevant institution(s) or other appropriate authorities. All reported cases of unethical publishing behavior are subject to investigation, even if they are discovered years after publication.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE EDITORS

Editors are responsible for ensuring that all submitted manuscripts are evaluated through a timely, fair, and rigorous peer-review and editorial process. Editors bear full responsibility for the content published in the Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science; therefore, the final decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of a manuscript rests solely with the Editor.

Editors evaluate manuscripts based on their originality, scientific quality, clarity, and intellectual contribution. Editorial decisions are made independently and objectively, without discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, political philosophy, or any other personal or ideological considerations. When editors encounter suspected or inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct, they are obliged to raise concerns and take appropriate action promptly in accordance with ethical guidelines.

The Editor-in-Chief and members of the editorial team must treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents. Information related to a manuscript must not be disclosed to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisors, and the publisher, as required for the evaluation process.

Editors and members of the editorial board shall not use unpublished materials, data, or ideas disclosed in submitted manuscripts for their own research purposes without the explicit written consent of the author(s). Information or ideas obtained through the peer-review process must be kept strictly confidential and must not be used for personal or professional advantage.

Editors are responsible for requiring all authors and contributors to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the interpretation of their work. If conflicts of interest or ethical concerns are identified after publication, editors must ensure that appropriate actions are taken, including the publication of corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern, in line with established publication ethics standards.

ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF EDITORS AND SECTION EDITORS

TThe Editor-in-Chief and Section Editors are responsible for meeting the information needs of reviewers, authors, researchers, practitioners, and readers; providing feedback when necessary; and acting with transparency and clarity in matters requiring correction or explanation throughout the publication process. In deciding whether a manuscript should be published, the Editor-in-Chief and Section Editors give primary consideration to the originality of the work and its contribution to the scientific literature, the relevant discipline, and the readership of the journal.

When making editorial decisions, whether positive or negative, the Editor-in-Chief and Section Editors evaluate manuscripts based on their original scientific value, relevance to the journal’s scope and section, methodological validity and reliability, clarity of presentation, and alignment with the aims and scope of the journal. Manuscripts that do not present major deficiencies are advanced to the preliminary evaluation stage, and constructive reviewer recommendations are taken into account. Editorial decisions made by previous editors are revised only in cases where serious ethical, scientific, or procedural issues are identified.

The Editor-in-Chief and Section Editors implement the journal’s double-blind peer-review and evaluation policies, ensure the confidentiality of reviewer identities, and guarantee that all manuscripts are evaluated impartially, independently, and within a reasonable timeframe. The Editor-in-Chief assigns manuscripts to appropriate Section Editors, who in turn select reviewers based on their areas of expertise and support objective and independent evaluations.

For an unbiased evaluation process, the Editor-in-Chief and Section Editors carefully assess potential conflicts of interest among editors, reviewers, and authors. They continuously seek to expand and update the journal’s reviewer pool and prevent the use of reviews that fail to meet academic standards or lack scientific rigor. Editors ensure that all publication processes comply with the journal’s policies and guidelines, inform relevant parties of updates to these policies, and organize training activities when necessary.

The Editor-in-Chief and Section Editors maintain effective communication with all stakeholders involved in the publication process and hold regular meetings as required. They are responsible for protecting personal data contained in submitted and reviewed manuscripts, as well as safeguarding the personal information of authors, reviewers, and readers in accordance with data protection principles.

Editors pay particular attention to the protection of human and animal rights in submitted manuscripts. They require documented informed consent from study participants and verified approval from relevant ethics committees for studies involving human participants or experimental research. Manuscripts lacking the necessary ethical approvals are rejected. The Editor-in-Chief and Section Editors take appropriate action in cases of suspected misconduct, conduct objective investigations into complaints, and share relevant findings in accordance with ethical guidelines. They also ensure that errors, inconsistencies, or misleading statements in published articles are corrected in a timely manner.

Editors protect the intellectual property rights of published articles and defend the rights of both the journal and the author(s) in cases of infringement. They take necessary measures to ensure that published content does not violate the intellectual property rights of other works, including conducting similarity and originality checks. Constructive and substantiated criticisms of published articles are taken into account, and authors are granted the right to respond. Studies reporting negative or non-confirmatory results are also considered for publication, provided they meet scientific and ethical standards. Complaints submitted to the journal are carefully examined, and appropriate explanations are provided.

The Editor-in-Chief and Section Editors may not serve as handling editors for manuscripts authored by themselves, their family members, or their departmental colleagues, nor may they participate in editorial decisions regarding such submissions. In these cases, the manuscript is handled by an independent editor without any conflict of interest, and the evaluation process proceeds without the involvement of the conflicted editor.

Journal editors are obliged to investigate suspected cases of publication misconduct. To prevent issues such as duplication or plagiarism, a similarity report is automatically generated through the DergiPark system at the third stage of manuscript submission. The journal evaluates similarities at the level of full sentences and paragraphs, disregarding minor similarities in wording, terminology, or expressions. The overall similarity index (SI), excluding the Introduction, Materials and Methods, and References sections, must be below 30%. Manuscripts exceeding this threshold are rejected in accordance with COPE Retraction Guidelines. If plagiarism or serious ethical misconduct is identified after publication, the article is immediately retracted and removed from the journal’s website. In such cases, submissions from the relevant author(s) will not be considered for publication in the Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science for a period of five years.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE REVIEWERS

Peer review supports editors in making informed editorial decisions and contributes to the improvement of manuscripts through constructive scholarly feedback. The Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science emphasizes that all researchers who benefit from the scientific publication process share a collective responsibility to contribute fairly to the peer-review system.

Reviewers who consider themselves insufficiently qualified to evaluate a manuscript or who anticipate that they will be unable to complete the review within the required timeframe must promptly inform the editor and decline the review invitation.

Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Reviewers must not share, discuss, or disclose any information about the manuscript with others unless explicitly authorized by the Editor-in-Chief, and only under exceptional circumstances. This obligation of confidentiality also applies to individuals who decline a review invitation.

Reviews should be conducted objectively, impartially, and professionally. Personal criticism of the author(s) is inappropriate. Reviewers are expected to express their evaluations clearly, support their judgments with reasoned arguments, and provide constructive suggestions aimed at improving the quality of the manuscript.

Reviewers should identify relevant published studies that have not been cited by the authors and notify the editor of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under review and other published works of which they are aware. Any claim that findings, arguments, or interpretations have been previously reported should be supported by appropriate citations.

Information or ideas obtained through the peer-review process are privileged and must remain confidential. Such information must not be used for personal, professional, or competitive advantage. Reviewers must not evaluate manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, financial, or other relationships with any of the authors, institutions, or organizations associated with the manuscript. Any potential conflict of interest must be disclosed immediately to the editor.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF AUTHORS

Authors are expected to make reasonable efforts to verify and validate all results submitted to the journal for publication and to confirm to the Editor that the data presented are accurate, authentic, and reliable. Research reports should provide a precise and transparent account of the work performed, together with an objective discussion of its scientific significance. Underlying data must be represented accurately, and manuscripts should include sufficient methodological detail and appropriate references to allow other researchers to replicate the study. Authors are required to disclose ethical aspects of their research, particularly when studies involve human or animal participants or the use of biological materials. Any form of fabrication, falsification, or knowingly inaccurate reporting constitutes unethical behavior and is unacceptable.

Authors may be requested to submit the raw data underlying their study for editorial evaluation and should be prepared to make such data publicly available where feasible. In all cases, authors are expected to ensure that research data remain accessible to qualified researchers for at least ten years after publication—preferably through institutional or subject-based repositories—provided that participant confidentiality is protected and legal or proprietary restrictions do not prevent data sharing.

Authors must submit only original works. If the ideas, data, or words of others are used, they must be properly cited or quoted. All publications that have significantly influenced the reported work should be acknowledged. Plagiarism in any form—including copying another author’s work, paraphrasing substantial portions without proper attribution, or claiming results obtained by others—is considered unethical publishing behavior and will not be tolerated.

Authors are responsible for properly acknowledging the contributions of others. Information obtained through private communications, correspondence, or discussions with third parties must not be used or disclosed without explicit written permission from the source. Likewise, information acquired through confidential roles—such as manuscript reviewing or grant evaluation—must not be used without the written consent of the original authors.

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the study, the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data, and the drafting or critical revision of the manuscript. All listed authors must have approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission for publication, and must be able to take public responsibility for its content. Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged in the “Acknowledgements” section, provided that their written consent has been obtained. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all eligible co-authors are included and that no inappropriate authors are listed.

In general, manuscripts describing essentially the same research should not be published in more than one journal. Simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to multiple journals constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Manuscripts that have been previously published as copyrighted material elsewhere may not be submitted. By submitting a manuscript, authors retain the copyright of their work; upon publication, they grant permission for its use under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows others to copy, distribute, adapt, and make commercial use of the work, provided appropriate credit is given.

Authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest at the earliest possible stage, typically at the time of submission. Such disclosures should be included both in a conflict-of-interest statement and within the manuscript where appropriate. Conflicts may be financial (e.g., funding, grants, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, or patent arrangements) or non-financial (e.g., personal or professional relationships, affiliations, or beliefs). All sources of financial support for the research, including grant or project numbers where applicable, must be clearly stated.

If the research involves chemicals, procedures, or equipment with inherent or unusual hazards, these must be clearly identified in the manuscript. For studies involving human participants or animals, authors must confirm that all procedures complied with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that appropriate ethics committee approvals were obtained. Manuscripts must include statements regarding ethics approval and informed consent. The privacy and confidentiality rights of human participants must be respected at all times.

Authors are obliged to participate fully in the peer-review process and to cooperate by responding promptly to editorial requests for raw data, clarifications, documentation of ethics approval, informed consent, and copyright permissions. When revisions are requested, authors should address reviewers’ comments systematically and resubmit the revised manuscript within the specified timeframe.

If authors identify significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work, they must promptly inform the journal and cooperate in issuing corrections (errata) or retractions as appropriate. If such issues are identified by editors or third parties, authors are expected to provide evidence supporting the accuracy of the work or to assist in correcting or retracting the publication.

Authors should submit only research that has been conducted in an ethical and responsible manner and that complies with all applicable laws, regulations, and ethical standards.

REPORTING CASES OF ETHICAL MISCONDUCT

If any behavior that violates ethical principles is identified involving the publisher, editors, section editors, reviewers, or authors of the Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, or if an unethical situation is encountered regarding a manuscript under evaluation, published online as early view, or already published, such cases should be formally reported to the journal.

All reports concerning ethical misconduct should be submitted via email to bsjsci@blackseapublishers.com. All notifications will be handled in accordance with the journal’s publication ethics policies and evaluated confidentially in line with internationally accepted ethical guidelines.