0-12 Aylık Bebeği Olan Annelere Verilen Konak Bakımı Eğitiminin Annelerin Bilgi Düzeylerine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 0-12 aylık bebeği olan annelere verilen konak bakımı eğitiminin annelerin bilgi düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu yaş aralığı (0-12 ay), bebek cildinin bariyer fonksiyonlarının en kırılgan olduğu dönem olması nedeniyle seçilmiştir.
Yöntem: Yarı deneysel türdeki bu çalışma, Nisan 2023 ile Temmuz 2023 tarihleri arasında bir aile sağlığı merkezine kayıtlı 0-12 aylık bebeği olan 33 anne ile yürütülmüştür. Annelere araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Bebeklerde Konak Bakımı” eğitim programı uygulanmıştır. Veriler eğitimden önce, eğitimden iki hafta sonra ve eğitimden iki ay sonra olmak üzere üç kez “Anne-Bebek Sosyodemografik Özellikleri Formu” ve “Bebeklerde Konak Bakımına Yönelik Anne Bilgi Değerlendirme Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Annelerin bilgi puanları ile anne yaşı ve eğitim durumu arasındaki ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesi için korelasyon ve Tek Yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanıldı. Eğitim öncesi ve eğitim sonrası testlerden elde edilen bilgi puanları arasından farkları belirlemek için Tekrarlı Ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi ve Bağımsız Örneklem T Testi yapıldı.
Bulgular: “Bebeklerde Konak Bakımına Yönelik Anne Bilgi Değerlendirme Formu”ndan alınabilecek en yüksek puan 18'dir. Eğitim öncesinde yapılan testin puan ortalaması 6,73, eğitimden sonraki ikinci haftada yapılan testin puan ortalaması 10,15 ve eğitimden sonraki ikinci ayda yapılan testin puan ortalaması ise 10,00'dır. Buna göre, eğitim öncesi test puanı ile annelere verilen eğitim sonrası testlerden elde edilen bilgi düzeyi puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Eğitimden iki hafta ve iki ay sonra elde edilen bilgi puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır, bu da bilginin zaman içinde korunduğunu göstermektedir. Annelerin yaşı ve eğitim düzeyinin pre test bilgi puanlarında anlamlı farklılık yaratmadığı görülmüştür. Annelerin büyük çoğunluğunun bebek konak bakımına ilişkin bazı temel uygulamaları doğru yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak bazı sorularda yanlış yanıt oranı yüksektir. Yanlış yanıtlanan ifadelerin çoğu kültürel alışkanlıklar ve önceki kuşaklardan aktarılan bilgilerle ilişkilidir. 
Sonuç: Eğitim öncesi annelerin konak bakımı ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin ortalamanın altında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Verilen konak bakımı eğitiminin annelerin bilgi düzeyinde anlamlı artış sağladığı saptanmıştır. Bulgular, hemşireler tarafından verilen yapılandırılmış ve kanıta dayalı konak bakımı eğitiminin, uygun bebek cilt bakımı uygulamalarını destekleyebileceğini ve annelerin bu konudaki bilgilerinin kalıcı olmasını sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Konak bakımı eğitiminin, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri ortamlarında rutin bebek takip ziyaretlerine entegre edilmesi önerilmektedir. 

Keywords

• Konak
• bebek bakımı
• anne
• eğitim
• çocuk hemşireliği

The Effect of Cradle Cap Care Education Given to Mothers with 0-12 Months Infants on Mothers’ Knowledge Levels

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cradle cap care education given to mothers with 0-12 months old infants on their knowledge levels. This age range (0-12 months) was selected because it is the period when the barrier functions of a baby's skin are most fragile.
Method: This study was quasi-experimental designed and conducted between April 2023 and July 2023 with 33 mothers of infants aged 0-12 months enrolled in a family health centre. "Cradle Cap Care in Infants" education programme prepared by the researchers was applied to the mothers. The data were collected three times: before, two weeks after, and two months after the education with the "Mother-Infant Sociodemographic Characteristics Form" and "Maternal Knowledge Assessment Form for Cradle Cap Care in Infants". Correlation and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the relationships between mothers' knowledge scores and maternal age and educational status. Analysis of variance for repeated measures and independent samples t-test were used to determine the differences between knowledge scores obtained from pre- and post-education tests.
Results: The maximum score that can be obtained from the ‘Maternal Knowledge Assessment Form for Cradle Cap Care in Infants’ is 18. The mean score of the test performed before the education was 6.73, the mean score of the test performed in the second week after the education was 10.15, and the mean score of the test performed in the second month after the education was 10.00. Accordingly, a significant difference was found between the pre- education test score and the knowledge level scores obtained from the tests after the education given to the mothers (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the knowledge scores obtained two weeks and two months after the education, indicating the maintenance of knowledge over time. It was observed that the age and education level of mothers did not create a significant difference in pre-test knowledge scores. It has been determined that the majority of mothers correctly perform some basic practices related to infant cradle cap care. However, the rate of incorrect answers is high for some questions. Most incorrectly answered statements are related to cultural habits and information passed down from previous generations.
Conclusion: It was determined that the knowledge level of the mothers about cradle cap care was below the average before the education. It was found that the cradle cap care education provided a significant increase in the knowledge level of the mothers. The findings suggest that structured and evidence-based cradle cap care education delivered by nurses can support appropriate infant skin care practices and ensure sustained maternal knowledge. It is recommended that cradle cap care education be integrated into routine infant follow-up visits in primary health care settings.

Keywords

• Cradle cap
• infant care
• mothers
• education
• pediatric nursing

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