Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law

Articles submitted for evaluation must be original and must not have been presented or published in any electronic or print media previously.

ORCID ID

For all works submitted for evaluation in JIUFL, authors are required to obtain an ORCID number (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) and upload their works along with their ORCID numbers to the DergiPark system. The ORCID number can be obtained at https://orcid.org/signin.

Works submitted by authors without an ORCID number will not be considered for evaluation.

PLAGIARISM REPORT REQUIREMENT

As of January 1, 2018, all works evaluated in JIUFL will be subjected to a plagiarism check. The plagiarism rate set by the Editorial Board should not exceed 15%. If it exceeds 15%, the work will not be considered for evaluation and will be rejected. Either the Turnitin or iThenticate program must be used to generate the plagiarism/similarity report. References and quotations in the text may be excluded from the report.

Only one article by an author can be published in each issue.

You can download the  Article Draft Format here.

There is a 10,000-word limit for articles in JIUFL, excluding the Extended Abstract.

Articles (excluding the extended abstract) should not exceed 10,000 words; works exceeding the 10,000-word limit, including the title in Turkish/English, abstract in Turkish/English, keywords in Turkish/English, main text, footnotes, and references, will be returned without undergoing the review process.

FORMS:

• You can download the JIUFL Article Draft Format from here.
• You can download the JIUFL Copyright Agreement and Authorship Contribution Form from here.

Article Upload Process:

1. Dergipark User Page
2. Process
3. Submit Article
4. Article Parent Data
5. ... and so on, following the required steps in the system.

Articles submitted to JIUFL must be prepared according to the following formatting requirements:

1. Word Limit: Starting from 2017, the word limit for articles submitted to our journal is set between a minimum of 4,000 and a maximum of 10,000 words.

2. Font Style: The main body of the article should be written in Times New Roman, with a font size of 11 points, 1 line spacing, and aligned to both the left and right margins. A single space should be left after punctuation marks.

3. Sections, Titles, and Subtitles: First-level headings should be written in 11-point font, left-aligned, bold, and in uppercase letters, in accordance with the general body of the article. Second-level headings should also be in 11-point font, left-aligned, bold, with the first letter of each word capitalized. Third, fourth, and if applicable, fifth and sixth-level headings should follow the same formatting, in 11-point font, left-aligned, with the first letter capitalized.

Example:
    I. LEGALITY OF ACTIONS
    A. Self-Defense
    1. Conditions
    a. Conditions Regarding the Attack

4. Explanations and Footnotes: Footnotes for references or additional explanations should be written in 9-point font, with single line spacing, and numbered consecutively with small numbers (1, 2, 3...) placed in superscript within the text at the relevant point. Punctuation marks should appear after the footnote number. The source of the footnote should then be listed at the bottom of the page, aligned with the main text and separated by a footnote line.

5. Alignment and Line Spacing: The body text of the article should be written with 1 line spacing, aligned to both the left and right margins (justified), and with one empty line between each section. Paragraphs should begin 1 cm indented from the previous paragraph (on the left) and should be written without any additional space between them. However, direct quotes of more than 30 words or three lines should be written as a separate paragraph, indented 1.25 cm from the left and 1 cm from the right, with single line spacing and 10-point font.

6. Page Numbers: Page numbers should be displayed on the pages containing the text of the article, starting from the first page, in numeric format (1, 2, 3...), at the bottom right corner.

7. Turkish and English Abstract Page: Along with the Turkish and English abstracts, the title and keywords must also be provided in both Turkish and English. The Turkish and English abstracts should be between 150 and 300 words. The abstract text should be written in Times New Roman with a font size of 10 points. The same level of care should be taken when preparing the English abstract as with the Turkish abstract, as the international recognition of the research is primarily achieved through the English abstract.

8. Extended Abstract: Starting from March 1, 2021, all submitted articles must include an English extended abstract of at least 750 and at most 1250 words. This extended abstract should compile the information and views presented in the article to facilitate citations by foreign authors. The extended summary may briefly include the following information: the purpose of the study, theoretical framework, methodology, findings and discussion, conclusions, and recommendations.

9. Introduction Section: Every article must include an introduction section.

10. Footnote Referencing: Footnotes are generally used for two purposes: a) to provide additional information and clarifications on a concept or topic mentioned in the main text, and b) to provide references for direct or indirect citations at the bottom of the page. Footnotes, whether used for providing information or for referencing, should be numbered consecutively with numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.). No special symbols should be placed before or after the numbers at the bottom of the page. The text of the footnote should be written in 9-point font, with single line spacing, aligned with the main text above, and should end with a period.

When referencing a source using a footnote: In the first instance, the full citation of the source should be provided according to the guidelines for source preparation. For subsequent references to the same source, a shortened citation should be given in accordance with the following examples. Abbreviations such as Ibid., loc. cit., and op. cit. should not be used.
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1. Single-Author Book:

İÇEL, Kayıhan: Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler, 7th edition, Beta Publishing, Istanbul 2015, p.67.

When citing the same author again:

İÇEL, p.67.

When citing multiple works by the same author, the initial citation shows how subsequent references will be made:

EREN, Fikret: Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (General Obligations), 19th edition, Yetkin Publishing, Ankara 2015, p.568.

EREN, Fikret: Borçlar Hukuku Özel Hükümler (Special Obligations), 2nd edition, Yetkin Publishing, Ankara 2015, p.549.

EREN, Borçlar Özel, p.700.

2. Two-Author Book:

HAKERİ, Hakan / ÜNVER, Yener: Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku Cilt 1 (Criminal Procedure Law Vol. 1), 8th edition, Adalet

Publishing, Istanbul 2013, p.321.

When citing the same authors again:

HAKERİ/ÜNVER, p.541.

3. Article:

ZAND, Joseph: “Article 15 of The European Convention on Human Rights and The Notion of State of Emergency”, Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law, 5(1), 2014, p.167.

4. Court Decisions:

Court of Cassation 13th Criminal Chamber, 26.06.2013, E.2013/6756, K.2013/17624. www.yargitay.gov.tr (Accessed: 15.04.2019).

Constitutional Court, 07.06.1973, E.1973/12, K.1973/24.

Constitutional Court, İhsan Asutay, B.N. 2012/606, 20/2/2014.

Council of State 3rd Chamber, 11.03.2010, E.2008/2797, K.2010/713.

5. Official Gazette:

OG: 25.04.2021, 15541.

Volume and Issue Numbering in Articles: Volume and issue numbers are indicated as Volume No (Issue No), using only numerals.

                     A journal expressed as "Volume: LVII, Issue: V" should be cited as LVII(V).

                     A journal expressed as "2018/2" should be cited as (2), 2018.

                     Journals with only a volume number, such as "Volume 8, 2018" should be cited as 8, 2018.

                     Journals with only an issue number, such as "Issue: 3, 2018" should be cited as (3), 2018.

6. Electronic Sources:

World Health Organization: "Eliminating Forced Coercive and Otherwise Involuntary Sterilization: An Interagency Statement", www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/201405_sterilization_en.pdf, (Accessed: 15.02.2016).

7. Book with Editor:

ROHE, Mathias: "Alman Hukukunda Hekimin Sorumluluğunun Özel Hukuk Açısından Değerlendirilmesi" (Evaluation of the Physician's Liability in German Law from the Perspective of Private Law), in Şenocak, Kemal/Rohe, Mathias/Yarayan, Ali (eds.), Uluslararası Sağlık Hukuku Sempozyumu (International Health Law Symposium), İÜHF Publications, Malatya 2014, p.55.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Starting from the 12(1) issue of the JIUFL in 2021, it has been decided to publish articles with an Extended Abstract.

For articles submitted on or after March 1, 2021, an extended summary, consisting of at least 750 and at most 1250 words, in English, should be included in the article. This summary should compile the information and opinions presented in the article in a way that will allow foreign authors to cite the paper.

The Extended Abstract is a method that facilitates the international readability and citation of articles. The Extended Abstract is required for articles written in languages other than English. It should be written in English and will be requested when the article is first submitted to JIUFL.

The Extended Abstract should be placed after the abstract and keywords, but before the main body of the article begins. No citations should be included in the Extended Abstract.

The Extended Abstract should preferably be between 750 and 1250 words and should present the aim, problem, methodology, findings, results, and recommendations of the study in subsections. The subsections in the Extended Abstract may vary depending on the type of study.

The Extended Abstract is expected to include the following information:

Introduction and Research Purpose: In this section, clear information should be provided to help the reader understand which question the study is seeking to answer, what research question(s) it is based on, and why the study is necessary.

Literature Review (Conceptual/Theoretical Framework): In this part, studies directly related to the topic and aim of the study should be summarized, and the significance of the research in terms of filling a gap or providing additional contribution should be clearly explained.

Method and Results: In the methodology section, the study should be defined as qualitative, quantitative, critical, or mixed. The study should be described as a compilation, research, case study, experiment, survey, etc. The findings of the study should be discussed in relation to the conceptual/theoretical framework, with evaluations of similarities and differences and the reasons for them.

Conclusions, Limitations, and Recommendations: Based on the findings, important issues that are related to the conceptual/theoretical framework and contribute to or are expected to contribute to the relevant literature should be discussed. Any main limitations encountered in conducting the study should be stated. After addressing the benefits of the study, suggestions for practitioners and/or researchers should be provided.

PUBLICATION PROCESS

This is the process during which accepted articles are prepared for publication in the relevant issue. In this process, the article’s status appears as “In the Publication Process.” The publication editor, layout editor, and final reviewer are involved in this process. The layout editor is responsible for preparing the article for publication in terms of its format (such as page layout, the placement of tables and visuals within the article, the arrangement of references, the assignment of page numbers according to the article's acceptance date, and the placement of the publisher’s logo on the article).

Once the layout is complete, the article is sent to the final reviewer for one last check regarding grammar, spelling rules, and overall coherence to identify any potential writing errors. After the final reviewer completes their task, the journal’s publication editor will make the final version of the article available to the author for review on the journal’s website under the "EARLY VIEW" section. This allows users to view the article before it is published in the relevant issue. In this stage, any minor errors that may exist in the article can be identified, and there is still time to correct them. If the author notices any errors during this process, they should notify the journal’s technical communication officer via email. The publication editor, upon receiving this information from technical communication, will make the necessary corrections. After the issue is published, there is ONLY a 5-DAY window to correct any possible errors. However, authors are expected to report any corrections while the article is in the EARLY VIEW stage.

Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law aims to adhere to the guidelines and core practices set forth by several organizations, including the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (joint statement by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, WAME). These guidelines and recommendations are designed to promote transparency, integrity, and best practices in scholarly publishing.

By adhering to these standards, the journal aims to ensure that the research it publishes is of high quality and meets the ethical standards of the scientific community.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND PUBLICATION POLICY

Ethics Committee Approval and Informed Consent

Articles published in JIUFL must clearly state whether ethical committee approval and/or legal/special permissions are required. If such permissions are needed, it should clearly state from which institution the consent was obtained, the date of approval, and the decision or reference number.

If a study is exempt from ethical approval, authors must submit a statement explaining the exemption. An article submitted without ethical approval will follow COPE's guidelines to evaluate ethical concerns. Articles without ethical approval may be rejected in cases where the issue is significant.

If the study does not require ethics committee approval, the "ETHICS COMMITTEE APPROVAL NOT REQUIRED STATEMENT FORM" must be signed by the corresponding author and uploaded to the system during the manuscript submission process. This statement should also be included under the heading "Ethics Committee Approval" at the end of the article.

Studies Requiring Ethics Committee Approval

• Any research conducted using qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants through surveys, interviews, focus groups, observation, experiments, or other interview techniques.
• Retrospective studies as per the Personal Data Protection Law.
• Research involving the use of humans and animals (including materials/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes.
• Retrospective studies as required by the Personal Data Protection Law.
• Research conducted on animals.

Informed Consent

For all studies involving human subjects, written informed consent must be obtained and documented. This includes:

• General Research: Consent from all participants.
• Research Involving Minors (under 18 years): Consent from a parent or legal guardian.
• Surveys/Interviews:
  • Confirmation that participants consented to participate.
  • Consent for recording and use of personal data.

If direct quotes or identifiable data are included:

• Either data must be deidentified, or
• Explicit consent must be obtained to disclose identities.
• Consent details should be described in the Methods section of the manuscript.

Participant Anonymity and Image Publication

• To protect participant privacy:
• Anonymity must be preserved, especially when personal data or images are published.
• If photographs or images that may identify participants are included:
  • Authors must obtain signed release forms from the individuals or their legal representatives.
  • Releases must grant permission for publication and specify any restrictions.
  • Publication consent for images must be stated in the Methods section.

PLAGIARISM AND ETHICAL MISCONDUCT

All submissions undergo multiple screenings during the peer review and/or production processes using similarity detection software. When citing previous works, ensure that all material is properly referenced. Copying text, tables, or illustrations from any source (journal articles, books, theses, electronic media, etc.) and presenting them as one's own is considered plagiarism, even if a reference is provided. Listing the source in the 'References' section does not absolve authors of responsibility for plagiarism.

Authors are strongly encouraged to avoid any form of plagiarism or ethical misconduct, as illustrated below:

• Citation Manipulation: Refers to inflating citation counts through self-citation, excessive citation of the same journal, or citation stacking, which distorts academic recognition.
• Self-Plagiarism (Text Recycling): Involves reusing sections or sentences from an author's prior work without proper citation, constituting a form of plagiarism.
• Salami Slicing: The unethical practice of publishing multiple articles using the same data set, hypotheses, and methods from a single study.
• Data Fabrication: The creation of false data not supported by actual research or experiments, considered a serious breach of research integrity.
• Data Manipulation/Falsification: Involves altering data, such as modifying images or removing outliers, to mislead or misrepresent findings.

In cases of suspected misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, citation manipulation, or data falsification), the Editorial Board will follow COPE guidelines to ensure fair, transparent, and consistent handling of allegations.

OPEN ACCESS POLICY

All articles published in the Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law are permanently accessible online without any payment or registration requirement. While authors retain the copyright to their works, they allow third parties to share, reproduce, and distribute the content in accordance with the journal's Copyright and Ethics policy.

Starting from 2023, all published content will be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), allowing non-commercial use, distribution, and modifications, provided that proper attribution is made to the original source.

Before 2023, content was licensed under traditional copyright, but the archive was freely accessible to authors and other users.

All journal content is freely accessible at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/inuhfd.

COPYRIGHT POLICY

Articles published in Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law are Open Access and are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). This allows third parties to share and adapt the content for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate attribution is made to the original work.

Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law requires that each submission be accompanied by a Copyright Agreement and an Author Contribution Form.

When using previously published content, figures, tables, or any material in printed or electronic formats, authors are responsible for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. Legal, financial, and criminal liabilities related to this matter rest with the author(s).

Authors retain the copyright to the works published in Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law.

ADVERTISING POLICY

Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law accepts digital advertisements on its website, provided they are approved by the journal's Editorial Board and management. All advertisements must be clearly labeled as such. Advertisers have no influence on editorial decisions or advertising policies.

For advertising inquiries, please contact the Editorial Office (inueditorial@inonu.edu.tr).

PEER REVIEW PROCESS

Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law employs a rigorous and transparent double-anonymized peer review process to uphold the highest standards of scholarly quality, academic integrity, and ethical publishing. In this model, the identities of both authors and reviewers remain concealed from one another throughout the review process.

All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial editorial screening to assess their alignment with the journal’s scope and basic quality criteria. Submissions deemed suitable are then forwarded to at least two independent external reviewers with recognized expertise in the relevant subject area.

Although authors may suggest potential reviewers during submission, the final selection rests solely with the editorial team. The Editor-in-Chief or designated Associate Editors ensure that reviewers are appropriately qualified, experienced, and free from any conflicts of interest.

Reviewers are expected to:

• Provide timely, impartial, and evidence-based assessments of the manuscript’s originality, methodology, clarity, and overall contribution to the field.
• Offer constructive feedback to help authors improve the quality and rigor of their work.
• Maintain strict confidentiality, refraining from sharing or discussing the manuscript without explicit editorial approval.
• Disclose any conflicts of interest prior to accepting a review assignment.
• Report any suspected ethical violations or academic misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, data fabrication, or unethical research practices) confidentially to the editorial office.
• Adhere to the COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers, which outline best practices for maintaining professionalism, fairness, and objectivity in the review process.

To ensure fairness and eliminate bias, manuscripts submitted by editorial board members are handled by external or guest editors with no competing interests. These editors follow the same rigorous peer review protocols.

All communication between editors and reviewers is considered strictly confidential and must not be shared with third parties. In cases where a manuscript undergoes a non-standard or alternative peer review model (e.g., open or post-publication peer review), the details of the process will be clearly stated in the published article to ensure full transparency.

The Editor-in-Chief retains the final decision-making authority on all manuscripts—acceptance, revision, or rejection—based on the evaluations and recommendations provided by reviewers and Associate Editors. Key peer review metrics (e.g., acceptance rates, average time to decision, and review duration) are published regularly to support transparency and ongoing editorial improvement.

REVISION PROCESS

Manuscripts that receive a decision of “Minor Revision” or “Major Revision” must be revised and resubmitted in accordance with the feedback provided by the reviewers and editors. Authors will receive a decision letter from the Editor-in-Chief, summarizing the required changes and specifying a deadline for resubmission.

Authors are required to submit the following documents as part of their revision:

Revised Manuscript – A clean version of the manuscript incorporating the requested revisions.

Response to Reviewers Document – A detailed point-by-point response addressing each reviewer and editor comment. Authors should:

• Indicate how each issue was addressed.
• Provide clear references to line numbers in the revised manuscript.
• Justify any suggestions not implemented.

Annotated Manuscript (Marked Version) – A version of the manuscript with tracked changes or highlighted edits to facilitate comparison between the original and revised submissions. Timely resubmission is essential. Authors who are unable to meet the revision deadline must request an extension in advance. Failure to submit within the specified timeframe, without prior communication, may result in the automatic rejection of the manuscript.

Following resubmission, the revised manuscript may be subject to a second round of peer review, particularly in cases of major revisions. The final publication decision remains the responsibility of the Editor-in-Chief, who considers the reviewers’ recommendations and the quality of the authors’ responses.

AUTHORSHIP CRITERIA

Authors of submissions reporting research findings must meet all four criteria established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE):

1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work;
2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
3. Final approval of the version to be published;
4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Before submission, authors should determine who qualifies for authorship and in what order authors will be listed. The editors of the Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law do not resolve authorship disputes. Any changes to the number or order of authors after the initial submission must be explained in writing to the Chief Editor. The editors reserve the right to refer any authorship irregularities to the research officer or appropriate academic ethics authority at the institution or employer of the first or corresponding author.

Authors may use CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) to provide information about individual contributions at the time of submission.

Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law supports transparency and accountability in the use of AI tools during manuscript preparation, in line with best practices recommended by international publishing standards, including COPE, ICMJE, and WAME. Authors must comply with the following principles when using AI technologies:

1. Use of AI Tools in Manuscript Preparation

Authors must disclose any use of generative AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude) in the preparation of their manuscripts. This includes specifying the name, version, and purpose of the AI tool in the appropriate section (e.g., Acknowledgments for language support, or Methods for data processing). Authors remain fully responsible for the integrity, accuracy, and originality of their work.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors.

2. Authorship and Accountability

By COPE’s guidelines, authorship implies human responsibility and decision-making. While AI can be employed for language corrections during the article writing process (and this should be explicitly stated in the article), it cannot be included as an author, as it is essential to maintain the originality and quality of the article. As such, AI tools cannot fulfill authorship criteria and should never be listed as authors or co-authors.

3. Image Generation and Copyright

Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law is committed to adhering to current copyright laws and established best practices in publication ethics. Due to ongoing legal and ethical uncertainties surrounding AI-generated visual content, the use of such material in submissions is generally not permitted, except under the following specific conditions:

Licensed Content from Agencies: Images or artwork obtained from agencies with which the journal holds valid licensing agreements, provided that the content was created in a legally and ethically responsible manner.

Content Related to AI Research: Visual or video content that is directly discussed or analyzed within a manuscript focused on artificial intelligence. These submissions will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

All approved AI-generated content must be clearly labeled as “AI-generated” in the image or figure captions.

Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy, appropriateness, and ethical use of any AI-generated images. Additionally, the methodology and tools used for generating such content must be transparently described within the manuscript. All submitted content must comply with scientific standards and ethical guidelines.

Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law adheres to international editorial standards, including those set by ICMJE, COPE, WAME, and other organizations, to ensure transparency and integrity in the publication process.

A conflict of interest arises when an author, reviewer, or editor has competing interests—such as financial, personal, political, or academic—that could unduly influence their objectivity in manuscript submission, review, or editorial decisions.

Disclosure Requirements:

Reviewers and editors must disclose any conflicts that could affect their impartiality. If a reviewer or editor has a conflict of interest, they must recuse themselves from the manuscript's evaluation.

Editors (including the Editor-in-Chief, Managing Editor, and Section Editors) may submit their own manuscripts but are excluded from the editorial decision-making process for their work. Final acceptance of such manuscripts requires approval from at least two external reviewers.

To maintain a fair and unbiased peer-review process, authors must not contact section editors regarding their manuscripts. All inquiries should be directed to the editorial office. The journal follows a double-anonymized peer review, ensuring that authors and reviewers remain anonymous to each other.

Any potential conflicts of interest involving editors, authors, or reviewers will be addressed following COPE flowcharts and ICMJE recommendations.

Financial Disclosure

Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Law requires authors to disclose any financial support received for their research. This information must be included in the funding statement when submitting the manuscript.

The funding statement should specify:

• The names of funding agencies,
• Grant numbers (if applicable),
• The role of each funder in the research,

If a funder had no involvement in the research, this must also be clearly stated. Providing this information ensures transparency and helps readers assess potential biases or conflicts of interest.

POST-PUBLICATION CORRECTION REQUESTS AND RETRACTIONS POLICY

All post-publication correction requests are subject to editorial review. The Editorial Board evaluates the necessity and appropriateness of corrections based on the nature of the error, its impact on the article, and the supporting evidence. If approved, the correction will be made in the journal’s archive. The journal follows the COPE guidelines.

Article Withdrawal (Pre-Publication)

Withdrawal applies only to articles in press, which are early versions of articles that may contain errors, accidental duplicate submissions, or ethical violations (e.g., multiple submissions, fraudulent data, or plagiarism). Withdrawn articles will have their HTML and PDF content removed, replaced by a statement indicating the withdrawal and linking to the journal’s withdrawal policy.

Article Retraction (Post-Publication)

Retractions are issued for serious ethical violations, such as plagiarism, data fabrication, authorship fraud, or publication without co-author consent. Retraction notices include:

• A formal retraction note titled “Retraction: [Article Title],” published in a subsequent issue.
• A watermark on the PDF of the original article, marking it as "Retracted."
• A removal of the HTML version, ensuring transparency in corrections while preserving academic integrity.

Article Removal (Legal & Safety Concerns)

In rare cases, an article may need to be permanently removed from the journal’s online database due to legal issues, court orders, defamation, or significant health risks. While the metadata (title and authors) will be retained, the article content will be replaced with a legal notice explaining the removal.

Article Replacement

If an article poses a serious health risk, authors may request a replacement with a corrected version. In such cases, a retraction notice will be published with a link to the revised article, ensuring a transparent record of updates.

Self-Archiving Policy

Authors are permitted to self-archive their published work on institutional or personal websites, as well as in open-access repositories. When sharing their articles, they must appropriately cite the original publication and include the DOI number. Additionally, authors are encouraged to provide a link to the publisher’s official website, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the scientific record. The version published on the publisher’s website is considered the definitive version of record.

DISCLAIMER

The views and opinions expressed in published manuscripts belong solely to the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors, editorial board, or publisher. The editors, editorial board, and publisher are not responsible for the content of published manuscripts and do not endorse the views expressed within them.

Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy and integrity of their work. While the journal serves as a platform for disseminating research to the scientific community, it does not guarantee the validity of the content.