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Lexical bundles in published research articles: A corpus-based study
This corpus-based study
investigates to what extent L1 Turkish speakers of English produce lexical
bundles in their academic writing. To this end, a corpus of published research
articles in six academic disciplines was collected. The corpus included
one-million words in total. The four and five-word lexical bundles in the
corpus were identified with the help of a corpus software and analyzed for
their frequency, structural and functional features. The analysis yielded a
total of 99 four-word and 22 five-word lexical bundles in the corpus. The
results showed that the lexical bundles frequently used by Turkish authors in
research articles had structural correlates and performed strong functions to
construct the discourse of academic writing. Also, the study revealed a new
group of bundles called research referential bundles. This finding might
indicate that genre plays a significant role in the use of lexical bundles. The
discussions given in this article could provide insights for further multi-word
studies.
Ädel, A., & Erman, B. (2012). Recurrent word combinations in academic writing by native and non-native speakers of English: A lexical bundles approach. English for Specific Purposes, 31(2), 81-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2011.08.004
Altenberg, B. (1998). On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of recurrent word combinations. In A. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis and applications (pp. 99–122). Oxford: OUP.
Biber, D. (2006). University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Amsterdam: Benjamin.
Biber, D., & Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes, 26, 263–286.
Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (1999). Lexical Bundles in Conversations and Academic Prose. In H. Hasselgard & S. Oksefjell (Eds.), Out of corpora: studies in honour of Stig Johansson (pp. 181–190). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2003). Lexical bundles in speech and writing: an initial taxonomy. In A. Wilson, P. Rayson & T. McEnery (Eds.), Corpus linguistics by the Lune: a festschrift for Geoffrey Leech (pp. 71–93). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2004). If you look at ...: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25, 371–405.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
Butler, C. (1997). Repeated word combinations in spoken and written text: Some implications for functional grammar. In C. Butler, J. Connolly, R. Gatward, & M. Wismans (Eds.), A fund of Ideas: Recent development in functional grammar (pp. 60–77). Amsterdam: Institute for Functional Research into Language and Language Use.
Chen, Y.-H. and P. Baker. (2010). Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 academic writing, Language Learning and Technology, 14(2), 30–49.
Cortes, V. (2002). Lexical bundles in Freshman composition. In R. Reppen, S. M. Fitzmaurice & D. Biber (Eds.), Using corpora to explore linguistic variation (pp. 131–145). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Cortes, V. (2004). Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing: Examples from history and biology. English for Specific Purposes, 23, 397–423.
Cortes, V. (2008). A comparative analysis of lexical bundles in academic history writing in English and Spanish. Corpora, 3, 43-57.
Cowie A. P. (1994). Phraseology. In Asher, R.E. (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 3168-3171.
De Cock, S. (1998). A recurrent word combination approach to the study of formulae in the speech of native and non-native speakers of English. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 3, 59–80.
Erman, B. & B. Warren. (2000). The idiom principle and the open-choice principle, Text, 20, 29–62.
Granger, S. (1998). Prefabricated patterns in advanced EFL writing: Collocations and formulae. In A. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis, and applications (pp. 145–160). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Granger, S., & Meunier, F. (Eds.). (2008). Phraseology: An interdisciplinary perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hyland, K. (2008a). As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes, 27, 4-21.
Hyland, K. (2008b). Academic clusters: text patterning in published and postgraduate writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18, 41-62.
Hyland, K. (2012). Disciplinary identities: Individuality and community in academic discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kim, Y. (2009). Korean lexical bundles in conversation and academic texts. Corpora, 4, 135-165.
Moon, R. (1998). Fixed Expressions and idioms in English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
N. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences acquisition, processing, and use (pp. 1- 22). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub.
Nattinger, J. R., & De Carrico, J. S. (1992). Lexical phrases and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nesi, H., & Basturkmen, H. (2006). Lexical bundles and discourse signaling in academic lectures. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 11, 283-304.
Pawley, A., & Syder, F. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: native like selection and native like fluency. In J. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 191-226). London: Longman.
Römer, U. (2009). The inseparability of lexis and grammar: Corpus linguistic perspectives. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 7, 140–162.
Schmitt, N., & Carter, R. (2004). Formulaic sequences in action: An introduction. In N. Schmitt (ed.), Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing and use. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1–22.
Schmitt, N., Grandage, S., & Adolphs, S. (2004). Are corpus-derived clusters psycholinguistically valid? In N. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences (pp. 127–151). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Scott, M., & Tribble, C. (Eds.). (2006). Textual Patterns: Key Words and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins B.V.
Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stubbs, M. (2007a). An example of frequent English phraseology: Distribution, structures and functions. In R. Facchinetti (Ed.), Corpus Linguistics 25 years on (pp. 89–105). Amsterdam: Radopi.
Stubbs, M. (2007b). Quantitative data on multi-word sequences in English: The case of word ‘world’. In M. Hoey, M. Mahlberg, M. Stubbs &
W. Teubert (Eds.), Text, Discourse and Corpora: Theory and Analysis (pp. 163–189). London: Continuum.
Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Year 2019,
Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 520 - 534, 01.07.2019
Ädel, A., & Erman, B. (2012). Recurrent word combinations in academic writing by native and non-native speakers of English: A lexical bundles approach. English for Specific Purposes, 31(2), 81-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2011.08.004
Altenberg, B. (1998). On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of recurrent word combinations. In A. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis and applications (pp. 99–122). Oxford: OUP.
Biber, D. (2006). University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Amsterdam: Benjamin.
Biber, D., & Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes, 26, 263–286.
Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (1999). Lexical Bundles in Conversations and Academic Prose. In H. Hasselgard & S. Oksefjell (Eds.), Out of corpora: studies in honour of Stig Johansson (pp. 181–190). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2003). Lexical bundles in speech and writing: an initial taxonomy. In A. Wilson, P. Rayson & T. McEnery (Eds.), Corpus linguistics by the Lune: a festschrift for Geoffrey Leech (pp. 71–93). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2004). If you look at ...: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25, 371–405.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
Butler, C. (1997). Repeated word combinations in spoken and written text: Some implications for functional grammar. In C. Butler, J. Connolly, R. Gatward, & M. Wismans (Eds.), A fund of Ideas: Recent development in functional grammar (pp. 60–77). Amsterdam: Institute for Functional Research into Language and Language Use.
Chen, Y.-H. and P. Baker. (2010). Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 academic writing, Language Learning and Technology, 14(2), 30–49.
Cortes, V. (2002). Lexical bundles in Freshman composition. In R. Reppen, S. M. Fitzmaurice & D. Biber (Eds.), Using corpora to explore linguistic variation (pp. 131–145). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Cortes, V. (2004). Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing: Examples from history and biology. English for Specific Purposes, 23, 397–423.
Cortes, V. (2008). A comparative analysis of lexical bundles in academic history writing in English and Spanish. Corpora, 3, 43-57.
Cowie A. P. (1994). Phraseology. In Asher, R.E. (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 3168-3171.
De Cock, S. (1998). A recurrent word combination approach to the study of formulae in the speech of native and non-native speakers of English. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 3, 59–80.
Erman, B. & B. Warren. (2000). The idiom principle and the open-choice principle, Text, 20, 29–62.
Granger, S. (1998). Prefabricated patterns in advanced EFL writing: Collocations and formulae. In A. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis, and applications (pp. 145–160). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Granger, S., & Meunier, F. (Eds.). (2008). Phraseology: An interdisciplinary perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hyland, K. (2008a). As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes, 27, 4-21.
Hyland, K. (2008b). Academic clusters: text patterning in published and postgraduate writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18, 41-62.
Hyland, K. (2012). Disciplinary identities: Individuality and community in academic discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kim, Y. (2009). Korean lexical bundles in conversation and academic texts. Corpora, 4, 135-165.
Moon, R. (1998). Fixed Expressions and idioms in English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
N. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences acquisition, processing, and use (pp. 1- 22). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub.
Nattinger, J. R., & De Carrico, J. S. (1992). Lexical phrases and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nesi, H., & Basturkmen, H. (2006). Lexical bundles and discourse signaling in academic lectures. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 11, 283-304.
Pawley, A., & Syder, F. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: native like selection and native like fluency. In J. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 191-226). London: Longman.
Römer, U. (2009). The inseparability of lexis and grammar: Corpus linguistic perspectives. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 7, 140–162.
Schmitt, N., & Carter, R. (2004). Formulaic sequences in action: An introduction. In N. Schmitt (ed.), Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing and use. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1–22.
Schmitt, N., Grandage, S., & Adolphs, S. (2004). Are corpus-derived clusters psycholinguistically valid? In N. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences (pp. 127–151). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Scott, M., & Tribble, C. (Eds.). (2006). Textual Patterns: Key Words and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins B.V.
Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stubbs, M. (2007a). An example of frequent English phraseology: Distribution, structures and functions. In R. Facchinetti (Ed.), Corpus Linguistics 25 years on (pp. 89–105). Amsterdam: Radopi.
Stubbs, M. (2007b). Quantitative data on multi-word sequences in English: The case of word ‘world’. In M. Hoey, M. Mahlberg, M. Stubbs &
W. Teubert (Eds.), Text, Discourse and Corpora: Theory and Analysis (pp. 163–189). London: Continuum.
Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bal Gezegin, B. (2019). Lexical bundles in published research articles: A corpus-based study. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(2), 520-534. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.586188
AMA
Bal Gezegin B. Lexical bundles in published research articles: A corpus-based study. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. July 2019;15(2):520-534. doi:10.17263/jlls.586188
Chicago
Bal Gezegin, Betül. “Lexical Bundles in Published Research Articles: A Corpus-Based Study”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 15, no. 2 (July 2019): 520-34. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.586188.
EndNote
Bal Gezegin B (July 1, 2019) Lexical bundles in published research articles: A corpus-based study. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 15 2 520–534.
IEEE
B. Bal Gezegin, “Lexical bundles in published research articles: A corpus-based study”, Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 520–534, 2019, doi: 10.17263/jlls.586188.
ISNAD
Bal Gezegin, Betül. “Lexical Bundles in Published Research Articles: A Corpus-Based Study”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 15/2 (July 2019), 520-534. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.586188.
JAMA
Bal Gezegin B. Lexical bundles in published research articles: A corpus-based study. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. 2019;15:520–534.
MLA
Bal Gezegin, Betül. “Lexical Bundles in Published Research Articles: A Corpus-Based Study”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, vol. 15, no. 2, 2019, pp. 520-34, doi:10.17263/jlls.586188.
Vancouver
Bal Gezegin B. Lexical bundles in published research articles: A corpus-based study. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. 2019;15(2):520-34.