Examples of ethics statements (For studies with ethics approval):

Example 1

This study involved data collection from human participants via surveys. The research was approved by the Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee of (...) University (Ethics Approval Number: ... / Date: ...). Informed consent was obtained online from all participants. The research process was conducted in accordance with the principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

Example 2

As part of this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with prospective teachers. Particular attention was paid to protecting participant confidentiality; written informed consent was obtained, and ethical standards were upheld throughout the process. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of (...) University (Ethics Approval Number: ... / Date: ...).

Example 3

The research included classroom-based observational activities conducted with high school students. Written permission was obtained from parents, and informed voluntary consent forms were signed by students. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Education at (...) University (Ethics Approval Number: ... / Date: ...) and by the Ethics Commission of the Ministry of National Education (Ethics Approval Number: ... / Date: ...).

Example 4

Prior to the focus group discussions conducted within this qualitative study, the research purpose and confidentiality policy were explained in detail to all participants, and written informed consent was obtained. The research process was planned and implemented in accordance with institutional ethical principles. Ethical approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee of A University (Ethics Approval Number: ... / Date: ...).

Examples of ethics statements (For studies not requiring or granted exemption from ethics approval):

Example 1

This study is a literature review based solely on a systematic examination of existing sources and did not involve the collection of new data. Since there was no direct interaction with human participants or collection of personal data, ethics committee approval was not required.

Example 2

The research was conducted using secondary data obtained from open-access datasets. Therefore, an ethics exemption was granted by the Ethics Committee of (...) University (Exemption Document Number: ... / Date: ...).

Example 3

All data used in this study were obtained from publicly available academic publications, official reports, or statistical databases. No access to personal or identifiable information occurred at any stage. Therefore, ethics committee approval was not required for this study.

Examples of author contributions statements

Example 1

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [full name], [full name] and [full name]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Example 2

Conceptualization: (Author Name Surname), (Author Name Surname); Methodology: (Author Name Surname), (Author Name Surname); Analysis: (Author Name Surname), (Author Name Surname); Discussion: (Author Name Surname), (Author Name Surname); Reporting – original draft: (Author Name Surname); Reporting – review and editing: (Author Name Surname).