Zübeyir Çelik is an Associate Professor at Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Electronic Commerce and Management. He holds a PhD degree in Marketing from Marmara University. His research interests include digital marketing, phygital marketing, marketing thought and theory, consumer behaviour and marketing research.

Mehmet SAĞLAM is an Associate Professor in the Department of Business Administration at Istanbul Ticaret University. He holds a Ph.D in Marketing from Marmara University and in Business Administration from Istanbul Ticaret University. He publishes research in the fields of brand management, consumer behavior, international marketing and marketing communication. He has national and international publications on these subjects.

Zübeyir Çelik is an Associate Professor at Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Electronic Commerce and Management. He holds a PhD degree in Marketing from Marmara University. His research interests include digital marketing, phygital marketing, marketing thought and theory, consumer behaviour and marketing research.

Mehmet SAĞLAM is an Associate Professor in the Department of Business Administration at Istanbul Ticaret University. He holds a Ph.D in Marketing from Marmara University and in Business Administration from Istanbul Ticaret University. He publishes research in the fields of brand management, consumer behavior, international marketing and marketing communication. He has national and international publications on these subjects.

Zübeyir Çelik is an Associate Professor at Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Electronic Commerce and Management. He holds a PhD degree in Marketing from Marmara University. His research interests include digital marketing, phygital marketing, marketing thought and theory, consumer behaviour and marketing research.

Mehmet SAĞLAM is an Associate Professor in the Department of Business Administration at Istanbul Ticaret University. He holds a Ph.D in Marketing from Marmara University and in Business Administration from Istanbul Ticaret University. He publishes research in the fields of brand management, consumer behavior, international marketing and marketing communication. He has national and international publications on these subjects.