Article templates should be used in the preparation of the manuscript.

Upper and lower information will be updated by us during the typesetting stage and should not be amended by authors. 

Page Layout: A4 Vertical, Margins (Normal) (4 from the sides, 2,5cm) 

Font Family: Times New Roman 

Article Title: 14 Font size 

Except for conjunctions first letters of every word should be capital, left aligned. 

Oral statements are created from the doctorate thesis or the studies that refer to them will be given as * a footnote. There should be a space after the heading and a footnote should be given. 

Author(s): 11 Font size, Author name and surname (only the initial letter are uppercase), Footnote is given after a space and as 1 – 2 ..., left aligned. 

Abstract Title: 14 Font size and bold, left aligned. 

Abstract Text: 9 Font size, Justify Aligned, No more than 250 words.

Keywords Title: 10 Font size and bold 

Keywords: 9 Font size, 6 keywords maximum (different from the words that have already been used in the Title of the manuscript) 

Article Info: To be conducted by us after acceptance. 

CrossMark and DOI: To be conducted by us after acceptance. 

Subtitles: Introduction, Method, Discussion etc. 11 Font size, Bold and left aligned, 6nk space between paragraphs 

Sub subtitles: 11 font size, bold, italic, left aligned. 

Paragraphs: 11 font size, justify aligned, 6nk space between paragraphs 

“GUIDELINES ON STYLE FOR SCIENTIFIC WRITING / William G Hopkins” (http://www.sportsci.org/jour/9901/wghstyle.html) and below-mentioned examples for Table designs should be considered during the preparation of Tables and Figures.

Tables

Heading and text characteristics of tables and diagrams should be in accordance with samples in the Template

12nk space before and after tables and diagrams

Table headings and text are 10 font size

The table and numbers are bold ie. Table 1. 

Headings and internal texts of the diagram are 10 font sizes if they are figures and in an amendable format. 

Figures

Diagrams and numbers are bold ie. Figure 1. 

If figures include a picture or a visual that is non-editable then it should be transferred to Word with 300DPI resolution, and the original figure should be installed by Send Article step and Add Additional File option in step 4. 

Abbreviations used in the Tables and Figures should be explained below them in “alphabetical order”. 

Δ: difference, CI: confidence interval, ES: effect size (Cohen’s d), N: sample size, SD: standard deviation

EXAMPLE FOR A TABLE DESIGN 2 (Dependent Group / Repeated Measures)

Δ = (Post-test – Pre-test)/(Pre-test) × 100, CI: confidence interval, ES: effect size (Cohen’s d),  ^M Median [25% - 75%] (percentiles), ^r effect size for non-parametric test, SD: standard deviation

The text should comprise of the following sub-titles: 

1)  Title and Title Page

2)  Abstract

3)  Introduction

4)  Method

5)  Results

6)  Discussion

7)  Conclusion

8)  Practical Applications

9)  References

This page should include the titles of the manuscript, keywords and running titles. In Turkish manuscripts, the title in English should also take place. Likely, Turkish titles should be mentioned for articles in the foreign language. If the content of the paper has been previously presented or its abstract has been published, an explanation should be made on this page about this issue. If there are any grants and other financial support by any institutions or firms for the study, information must be provided by the authors.

Author Information


The name and the surname of the authors should be written without abbreviation. The academic titles, the affiliations and the addresses of these affiliations should be declared. Furthermore, the contact information of the corresponding author should be entered into the system. Since e-mail will be used primarily for contact with the authors, the e-mail of the corresponding author should be indicated. In addition, the phone and fax numbers should also be indicated.

ABSTRACT should include no more than 250 words in English and should include the following titles: Aim, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusion 

A.     What is the research problem and research question that led to the conduction of this study? 

B.     What is the deficiency/insufficiency in the literature that led to the conduction of this study? The rational justification of this study should be conveyed to readers with appropriate literature knowledge.

C.     What is the aim of the study?

D.     What are the hypotheses of the study? (What would the authors expect to find out at the end of the study?)

A.     Research design and research type should be explained briefly (qualitative, quantitative, mixed, observational, experimental, descriptive, analytic, causative, cross-sectional, longitudinal, tendency, retrospective, prospective, cohort, randomized controlled parallel design, non-randomized controlled parallel design, crossover controlled, external control, no control, repeated measures, reliability, validity, review, meta-analysis etc.)

B.     Participants:

a)     Voluntary participation should be expressed.

b)    Ethic commission report should be expressed [Ethic commission report number should be indicated.].

c)     Basic descriptive statistics related to participants should be reported.

d)    In the case of trained participants, descriptive statistics related to general training age, sports branch-specific training age, weekly training volume, training frequency, and training type should be reported. 

C.     In the case of the use of standard testing (measurement) methods, a reference in which the testing (measurement) method is explained in detail should be cited.

D.     Trademark, model, year and country information of testing devices should be reported.

E.      The timezone over which the testing took place should be reported (e.g. 14:00-17:00).

F.      Authors should beware of statements that disclose the author’s identity or author’s institute (Following similar expressions should be preferred: Performance laboratory of local university, a commercial fitness centre in the city, ethics commission of local university, private education institution in the city, public schools in four different states etc.).

G.     STATISTICAL ANALYSIS section should include the following:

a)     Statistical Analysis should be located in the Methods section as a sub-heading.

b)    Names of the statistical tests should be consistent with the literature. Justification for parametric and/or non-parametric statistical test choice, and post-hoc test choice should be explained appropriately (assumptions of normal distribution, homogeneous variance, unequal sample size etc.).

c)     Statistical significance level (p ≤ 0.05; p ≤ 0.01; p ≤ 0.001 or another p value) should be reported.

A. Studies including statistical difference analyses (within-subject [repeated measures] or between-subject) should include the following results related to the absolute difference or relative (%) difference: 

a)     Appropriate descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum, percentiles etc.) of the difference, 

b)    The confidence interval of the difference, 

c)     p-value of the difference, 

d)    The effect size of the difference. 

Below mentioned references could be used for reporting effect sizes:

·    Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance a practical guide for biologists (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17944619)

·    The other half of the story: Effect size analysis in quantitative research (http://www.lifescied.org/content/12/3/345.full)

·    https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_I_calculate_the_effect_sizes_of_small_samples_20_for_non-parametric_tests_Wilcoxon_and_Mann-Whitney_U

B.    “Reporting Statistics in Psychology” (http://evc-cit.info/psych018/Reporting_Statistics.pdf) should be considered in the reporting of results and numerical values (Note: Values between –1 and 1 such as p, r, R, R² should include the integer “0”. e.g. not p = .038, but p = 0.038; not r = .652, but r = 0.652). 

C.   “GUIDELINES ON STYLE FOR SCIENTIFIC WRITING / William G Hopkins” (http://www.sportsci.org/jour/9901/wghstyle.html) should be considered in preparation of the manuscript unless otherwise is indicated in the SCIENTIFIC WRITING RULES of IJSETS.

D.   Results should not be repeated in Tables, Figures and body of the manuscript. 

E.    Interpretations should be avoided and obtained results should be reported in clear and simple terms (http://evc-cit.info/psych018/Reporting_Statistics.pdf).

F.    Units should be reported according to “The International System of Units” (http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf).

G.   Multiplication (×) and negative/minus sign (−) should be added via symbol tabs of Microsoft Office Word where necessary. Letter “x” or symbol hyphen (-) should not be used to represent “×” or “−”.

H.   Space should be used before and after symbols of <, ≤, >, ≥, ±, ×. No space should be used before and after the division (/) symbol. No space should be used after “%”, “(” and “−”. No space should be used before “)”.

Results in the literature related to the study topic should not be reported without “INTERPRETATION”.

A.   What is the originality/novelty of this study? In which way does it satisfy a need in the literature? (Briefly)

B.    What is/are the main finding(s) of the study (without repeating the numerical findings)?

C.    What was/were your hypotheses? What have you found? Are your hypotheses consistent with your findings?

D.   What did similar studies in the literature find? Are these findings consistent with yours?

E.    How do you explain these (in)consistencies? What may be the reasons for these (in)consistencies? 

F.    What are the limitations of your study?

A.   Numerical findings should not be repeated.

B.    Conclusion derived just from “the findings of your study” should be reported. 

A.   Practical applications depending on the conclusion of the study for the practitioner in the related field (trainer, athlete, conditioning expert, mentor, psychologist, organizer, teacher, etc.) or for the researchers (in plain and clear language).

A.   Accuracy of reference data is the author's responsibility. References should be numbered according to the consecutive citation in the text. References should be indicated by parenthesis in the text. If there is a Turkish Reference, attention should be paid to indicate this. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the style used in the Index Medicus. 

B.    Updated scientific references directly related to the study topic.

APA Style Guide: About APA

American Psychological Association rules for formatting papers, in-text citations, and end references. Examples based on the sixth edition of the Publication Manual from the APA. 

References should be prepared based on APA 6 reference displaying essences. The font is Times New Roman and the space between lines should be 3nk. The indent should be under the letter 4. Reference types not stated in the SCIENTIFIC WRITING RULES OF IJSETS should be reported according to http://www.apastyle.org/.

The standard citation style guide book for the fields of business, education, health science, public service, and social science is the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, 2010. The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes the manual. We commonly refer to it as "the APA Manual".

The IJSETS recommends APA format for papers written in these fields.

Two types of citations are included in most research papers: citations within the text of the document and a list of reference citations at the end of the paper.

In-Text Citations:

The APA Manual uses the author-date citation system for in-text citations.

Reference Citations:

The sources you use in your work are included as a separate list at the end of the paper. The APA Manual suggests using the title, References, for the list.

In the name-year system, in-text references contain the last name of the author(s) and the year of publication of the document. Enclose the name and year in parenthesis. Leave a space between name and year. Place a comma after the author's name.

Example:

The most recent report on the use of experiments shows a correlation between results and participants (Brown, 2006).

OR

Brown's (2006) recent report on the use of experiments shows a correlation between results and participants.

Exceptions to this rule occur when no definitive author or publication date is present. This often occurs when citing websites. When no date is available use the abbreviation n.d. for no date. When no author is available you will use a corporation name, an editor, or a title of the webpage/website/chapter/encyclopaedia entry. See in-text examples for a full explanation.

Page number(s) can be included to be more precise in your citations. When using direct quote page numbers are necessary.

Example:

Ness, George, Turner, & Bolgatz (2010) describe social justice "as the process of confronting and dismantling oppressive structures and systems, the process of addressing inequalities of all kinds, and the process of developing recognition of and respect for the values and identities of all cultural groups" (pp. 89-90).

OR

The authors describe social justice "as the process of confronting and dismantling oppressive structures and systems, the process of addressing inequalities of all kinds, and the process of developing recognition of and respect for the values and identities of all cultural groups" (Ness, George, Turner, & Bolgatz, 2010, pp. 89-90).

Exceptions to this rule occur when no definitive author, publication date, or page numbers are present. This often occurs when citing websites. When no date is available use the abbreviation n.d. for no date. When no author is available you will use a corporation name, an editor, or a title of the webpage/website/chapter/encyclopaedia entry. When no page numbers are available use a paragraph number abbreviated para. only if the paragraphs are numbered for you. If there is a clear section title you may use this as well. See in-text examples for a full explanation.

One author 

Give the author's name and the year of publication. If the author's name is stated in the sentence, always place the year in parentheses immediately after the name.

(Clark, 1998).

Clark's (1998) study shows that . . . 

Two authors 

Give both names separated by the word and when including the names in the text of a sentence. For citations in parentheses use an ampersand (&).

Flannigan and McBride (2001) state the results...

(Flannigan & McBride, 2001). 

Three-five authors 

Give all the authors names for the first in-text citation, then use et al. for subsequent citations.

(FIRST citation) Sawyer, Jimmerson, Bradley, Connors, and Ramirez (2010)...

Sawyer et al. (2010)...

OR 

(FIRST citation) (Sawyer, Jimmerson, Bradley, Connors, & Ramirez, 2010).

(Sawyer et al., 2010). 

Six or more authors 

Give only the first author's name followed by et al. (not in italics) and the year for all in-text citations.

Martinez et al. (1990) describe...

(Martinez et al., 1990)

If the first author's name and the years of publications are the same for several references, include enough additional co-author names to eliminate ambiguity. Include a comma after the last name.

(Martinez, Fuentes, et al., 1990).

(Martinez, Aguilar, et al., 1990). 

Multiple works by the same author 

For works published in the same year by the same author, add alphabetic designators to the year in both the in-text reference and reference list.

(Anderson, 1997a, 1997b).

For works published in different years by the same author, place years in chronological sequence separated by commas.

(McBride, 2003, 2007). 

Authors with the same surname 

When authors of 2 works published in the same year have the same surname, include the initials of the author in the in-text citation and separate the names by a semicolon and space. When using initials in the text of a sentence do not invert the first name.

J. Dawson (1986) and T. Dawson (1986) accept the...

(Dawson, J., 1986; Dawson, T., 1986) 

Organizations as authors 

If an organizational author is referenced only once or twice in a document, the full organizational name is acceptable. A shortened form can be used in the in-text reference if the organization has a familiar abbreviation. If using an abbreviated name for an organization, spell out the full name the first time referenced and give the abbreviation.

FIRST citation National Library of Medicine (NLM, 2005)...

NLM (2005) started...

OR 

FIRST citation (National Library of Medicine [NLM], 2005).

(NLM, 2005). 

Works without authors 

Begin the in-text reference with the first word or first few words of the title, followed by a comma (a lengthy title may be shortened). Titles of an article, chapter or web page should be placed in double quotation marks. Titles of a periodical, book, report, or brochure should be italicized.

ARTICLE title ("A New Deal," 2003).

BOOK title (The Open Box, 1823).

LONG book title (Handbook of Geriatric, 2000).

Reference: Handbook of geriatric drug therapy. (2000). Springhouse, PA: Springhouse. 

Works with Anonymous listed as author 

When a title lists the author of a work as Anonymous give the word Anonymous as the author's name in-text and in the reference list. Do not use the term Anonymous for works without authors listed.

Anonymous (1983) said...

(Anonymous, 1983).  

Works without dates 

Place the abbreviation n.d. (for no date) in place of the year for in-text citations and the reference list.

Brigmeyer (n.d.) associates...

(Brigmeyer, n.d.). 

Works without Pagination (when using a direct quote)

Use the abbreviation para. to indicate a numbered paragraph rather than a page number.

Horowitz (2011) says, "those who..." (para. 3).

He says, "those who..." (Horowitz, 2011, para. 3).

OR

When no page numbers or paragraph numbers are present, use a heading title and the number of the paragraph after the heading. Click here to see the sample reference below.

Kona (2010) says of George Carlin's humor that, "comedy is a disguise for unmasking other faces" ("The Carlinesque in George Carlin," para 2).

The author likens George Carlin's humor to "a disguise for unmasking other faces" (Kona, 2010, "The Carlinesque of George Carlin," para. 2). 

Personal communications 

Personal communications (interviews, e-mail correspondence, lectures, etc.) should be used sparingly. When citing personal communications only cite this material in text, do not include personal communication citations in the reference list. They are excluded from the reference list because this is unrecoverable data. Give the name of the speaker and the exact date.

A. M. Raulson (personal communication, January 28, 2007) says...

(T. J. Mavin, personal communication, April 15, 2009).  

Secondary Sources

Sometimes you need to reference an idea using second-hand knowledge. This should be done rarely, it is always better to read the original work to get the most objective meaning. You ALWAYS cite the material you have in front of you, never use another author's references to cite material you have not accessed. When a work is out of print or hard to find, you may wish to use that author's idea in your paper. You need to give credit to the original author/thinker, but you cite the material you found it in, this way the reader can find the material as well. If you reference an out of print/hard to find item, your reader will not be able to find the same material.

Rawlings said (as cited in Belleville, 2006, p. 8), "We need above all...a certain remoteness from urban confusion."

In the reference list cite the work YOU read:

Belleville, B. (2006). Losing it all to sprawl: How progress ate my cracker landscape. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Direct Quotations

Direct quotes should be used sparingly in any research paper. Use direct quotes to emphasize a particularly original turn of phrase or when technical lingo does not allow for proper rephrasing. When directly quoting, enclose the entire quote in quotation marks, copy the original wording exactly, and provide a page/line/paragraph number (when available).

Moffett (2010) goes into great detail about the predatory and army-like nature of a colony of ants ensnaring its meal, "the more the worm or grasshopper struggles, the more the masses converge on it...all the little ant jaws hold their prey taut" (p.39).

Block quotations are direct quotations that contain 40 words or more. When quoting more than 40 words, do not use quotation marks; instead, set off the direct quote starting it on a new line and indenting a half inch from the margin.

The authors categorize chronic neck pain,

when symptoms are present for 3 or more months, with either recurrent (multiple episodes separated by periods of recovery) or persistent (no periods of recovery) pain. Strong evidence suggests that biomechanical factors, including repetitive movements, prolonged computer use, and poor workstation design, are associated with the development of neck pain. (Bruflat, Balter, McGuire, Fethk, & Maluf, 2012, p. 1349) 

Multiple Citations by the Same Author in One Paragraph

Sometimes you might use the same source of information for an entire paragraph. In this case, you do not need to reference the author and year at the end of each sentence. You would want to provide the full in-text citation at the beginning and the end of the paragraph, but the sentences in between can reference just the author or organization. If you place the author's name in parentheses, then provide the year too.

According to Spitzer's (2010) study the effects of radiation on humans presents...Spitzer's study developed the guidelines needed to test...The most important find in Spitzer's study was that....Spitzer concluded the benefit of radiation...The evidence that proves these guidelines work...(Spitzer, 2010).

American Psychological Association. (2009). Crediting sources: Citing references in text. Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed., p. 177) Washington, D.C.: Author.

Dr. Gül Tiryaki-SÖNMEZ, PhD

Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, 

50 Bedford Park Boulevard West Bronx, NY 10468, USA. 

Phone: +1(718)-960-7755. 

E-mail: useabd.editor@gmail.com

Dr. İbrahim ERDEMİR, PhD

School of Physical Education and Sports, Balıkesir University, 

Balıkesir - Turkey,

Phone: +(90)266 239 1838 / 1114

E-mail: useabd.editor@gmail.com

orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-6907