YAPAY ZEKALI ROBOTLARDA ETİK: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NDE GÜNCEL DURUM DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Öz

Robot teknolojileri ile yapay zekâ teknolojisinin birleşimi neticesinde, her iki teknolojinin de sınırlarını aşan bambaşka teknolojik varlıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Akıllı robotlar olarak da anılan yapay zekalı bu robotlar, insan zekasını taklit ederek kendilerine verilen görevleri yerine getirebilme, kararlar alarak çıkarımlarda bulunabilme, bu çıkarım ve deneyimlerden öğrenerek kendi kendilerini geliştirebilme yetenekleri sayesinde otonomilerini de artırabilmektedirler. Otonomileri artan bu robotlar, günümüzde askeri alandan sağlık uygulamalarına, kişisel bakım hizmetlerinden kamu hizmetine kadar pek çok farklı şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmışlardır. Kullanım alanlarındaki bu artış sebebiyle, yapay zekalı robotların insanlarla temas sıklıkları ve insanlar üzerindeki sosyal etkileri de günden güne artmakta, ‘akıllı robotların karar ve eylemleri nasıl kontrol altına alınabilir’ sorusu gündeme gelmektedir. İnsan zekasını taklit ederek öğrenebilen bu robotların, kendi kararlarını alıp uygulamaya koyarak otonomilerini her geçen gün artırmaları durumda temel hak ve özgürlüklerin, mahremiyetin, bireysel özerkliğin korunması nasıl başarılacaktır? Bu robotların işlem ve eylemlerinden kaynaklanabilecek zararlar nasıl giderilecek? Yapay zekalı robotların otonomilerinin artmasıyla üzerlerindeki insan kontrolü zayıflayarak zamanla yok mu olacak? Robotlar kontrolden çıkacaklar mı? Pek çok soruyu peş peşe sıralayabildiğimiz bu noktada, yapay zekalı robotlar üzerinde insan kontrolü sağlanabilmesi için yapay zekalı robot etiği ilke, değer ve standartlarının belirlenmesinin önemi karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yapay zeka
• yapay zekalı teknolojiler
• yapay zeka etiği
• robot hukuku
• robot etiği

ETHICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-POWERED ROBOTS: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Öz

The combination of robotics and artificial intelligence has resulted in entirely new technological entities that transcend the boundaries of both. These AI-powered robots, also known as smart robots, are able to increase their autonomy by mimicking human intelligence to perform assigned tasks, make inferences and decisions, and learn from their experiences to improve themselves. These increasingly autonomous robots are now being used in many different fields, from the military and healthcare to personal care and public services. As their areas of use increase, the frequency of their contact with humans and their psycho-social impact on humans also increases day by day, raising the question of how the decisions and actions of these AI robots can be controlled within ethical boundaries. As robots capable of learning through the imitation of human intelligence continue to enhance their autonomy by independently making and executing decisions, concerns arise regarding the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, privacy, and individual autonomy. How can the harm that may arise from the actions of these robots be remedied? Will human control over AI robots weaken and eventually disappear as their autonomy increases? Could robots ultimately operate beyond human control? In light of these pressing questions, the importance of establishing ethical principles, values, and standards for AI-powered robots within the framework of Union law becomes evident in order to ensure meaningful human oversight and control over such technologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• artificial intelligence
• artificial intelligence technologies
• artificial intelligence ethics
• robot law
• robot ethics

Kaynakça

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