Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi

Davut Pehlivan; Taha Talip Türkistanlı; Orçun Gündoğan

doi:10.31466/kfbd.1732874

EN TR

Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi

Öz

Akdeniz Havzası, Doğu-Batı hatları ve Asya-Afrika pazarlarına yakınlığıyla küresel konteyner taşımacılığında kritik bir konuma sahiptir. Artan trafik, bölgedeki limanlar arasında verimlilik odaklı rekabeti hızlandırmıştır. Bu çalışma, Akdeniz’deki 25 büyük konteyner limanının 2023 yılı performansını, girdi-yönelimli CCR Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile değerlendirmektedir. Girdiler terminal alanı (ha), rıhtım uzunluğu (m) ve rıhtım derinliği (m); çıktı ise elleçlenen TEU miktarıdır. Sonuçlar, Tanger Med, Piraeus ve Algeciras limanlarının tam etkin (θ = 1,000) olduğunu; geri kalan limanların etkinlik skorlarının 0,84-0,04 aralığında ve genel ortalama θ’nın 0,53 olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle 11 limanın θ < 0,500 değeri, mevcut altyapıya kıyasla düşük elleçleme kapasitesine işaret etmektedir. Bulgular, altyapının etkin kullanımını artırmak için operasyon akışlarının hızlandırılması, kara/demiryolu bağlantılarının güçlendirilmesi ve talebe duyarlı kapasite planlamasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konteyner limanı, Verimlilik, Akdeniz, VZA

Kaynakça

Acer, A., and Timor, M. (2017). The Evaluation of Turkish Container Terminal Efficiency Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Alphanumeric Journal, 5(2), 340–352.
Almawsheki, E. S., and Shah, M. Z. (2013). Technical efficiency analysis of container terminals in the Middle Eastern region. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 31(4), 477–486.
Altınpınar, İ. (2025). Green Port and City Integration: Sustainable Approaches in Location Selection. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 10(2), 132-138.
Arvis, J. F., Vesin, V., Carruthers, R., and Ducruet, C. (2018). Maritime Networks, Port Efficiency, and Hinterland Connectivity in the Mediterranean. World Bank Publications.
Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., and Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078–1092.
Baran, J., and Górecka, A. (2015). Seaport efficiency and productivity based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity. Sustainable Transport, 6(1), 25–33.
Bichou, K. (2006). Review of port performance approaches and a supply-chain framework to port performance benchmarking. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 567–598.
Birafane, M., and Abdi, M. E. (2019). Efficiency of Moroccan seaports: application of DEA using window analysis. Engineering, 11(2), 107–118.
Bottasso, A., Conti, M., and Ferrari, C. (2011). Efficiency and productivity growth in a sample of Italian container terminals. International Journal of Transport Economics, 38(2), 107–122.
Caldeirinha, V., Felício, J. A., and Coelho, J. O. A. N. A. (2009). The influence of characterizing factors on port performance, measured by operational, financial and efficiency indicators. Recent Advances in Environment, Energy Systems and Naval Science, pp. 58-70

Carine, F. (2015). Analyzing the operational efficiency of container ports in Sub-Saharan Africa. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3(10), 10–17.
Chang, S. M., Wang, J. S., Yu, M. M., Shang, K. C., Lin, S. H., and Hsiao, B. (2015). An application of centralized DEA in resource allocation in container terminal operations. Maritime Policy and Management, 42(8), 776–788.
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., and Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429–444.
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., and Rhodes, E. (1981). Evaluating program and managerial efficiency: an application of DEA to Program Follow-Through. Management Science, 27(6), 668–697.
Cheon, S., Dowall, D. E., and Song, D. (2010). Evaluating impacts of institutional reforms on port efficiency changes. Transportation Research Part E, 46(4), 546–561.
Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., and Zhu, J. (2011). Data envelopment analysis: history, models, and interpretations. In Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis (pp. 1–39).
Cullinane, K. P., and Wang, T. F. (2006). The efficiency of European container ports: a cross-sectional DEA. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 9(1), 19–31.
Danladi, C., Tuck, S., Tziogkidis, P., Tang, L., and Okorie, C. (2024). Efficiency analysis and benchmarking of container ports operating in lower-middle-income countries. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 9(1), 7.
Elbayoumi, O., and Dawood, A. (2016). Analysis of the competition of ports in the Middle East using HHI. Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering, 6(6), 339–347.
Elsayeh, M. E. (2015). The Impact of Port Technical Efficiency on Mediterranean Container Port Competitiveness (Doctoral dissertation, University of Huddersfield).
Fancello, G., Schintu, A., and Serra, P. (2018). An experimental analysis of Mediterranean supply chains through cost KPIs. Transportation Research Procedia, 30, 137–146.
Fancello, G., Serra, P., Aramu, V., and Vitiello, D. M. (2021). Evaluating the efficiency of Mediterranean container ports using DEA. Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, 22(3–4), 163–188.
Fancello, G., Serra, P., Vitiello, D. M., and Aramu, V. (2022a). Investigating competitive factors of Mediterranean ports: DEA and PCA. ICCSA 2022 (pp. 124–139). Springer.
Fancello, G., Vitiello, D. M., and Serra, P. (2022b). The impact of globalization on Mediterranean container terminals. International Maritime Transport and Logistic Journal, 11(1), 86–95.
Gianfranco, F., Claudia, P., Patrizia, S., and Paolo, F. (2014). Port cooperation policies in the Mediterranean Basin: an experimental approach. Transportation Research Procedia, 3, 700–709.
Gökçek, V., and Şenol, Y. E. (2018). Efficiency analysis of Mediterranean container ports. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 6(2), 129–140.
Gökmen, D., Cin, M., ve Koçer, T. (2022). Limanların bölgesel kalkınmaya etkisi: Türkiye üzerine ampirik analiz. Ulaştırma ve Lojistik Kongreleri.
Grifoll, M., Karlis, T., and Ortego, M. I. (2018). Evolution of container-traffic share in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 121.
Grzelakowski, A. S. (2019). Global container shipping market development and its impact on mega logistics systems. TransNav, 13(3), 529–535.
Guerrero, D., and Rodrigue, J. P. (2014). The waves of containerization. Journal of Transport Geography, 34, 151–164.
Güner, S. (2015). Investigating infrastructure, superstructure and financial efficiency in Turkish seaports using DEA. Transport Policy, 40, 36–48.
Hales, D., Lee Lam, J. S., and Chang, Y. T. (2016). The balanced theory of port competitiveness. Transportation Journal, 55(2), 168–189.
Hlali, A. (2018). Efficiency analysis with different models: the case of container ports. Journal of Marine Science: Research and Development, 8(2).
Hung, S., Lu, W., and Wang, T. (2010). Benchmarking the operating efficiency of Asia container ports. European Journal of Operational Research, 203(3), 706–713.
Iyer, K. C., and Nanyam, V. N. (2021). Technical efficiency analysis of container terminals in India. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 37(1), 61–72.
Jiang, B., and Li, J. (2009). DEA-based performance measurement of seaports in Northeast Asia. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 25(2), 219–236.
Ju, S., Xie, J., and Tang, H. (2023). Competition and operational efficiency of ports: evidence from China. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 46, 100939.
Julien, S. A., Cowie, J., and Monios, J. (2020). DEA vs. econometric estimation in Caribbean ports. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 22, 239–264.
Kalgora, B., Goli, S. Y., Damigou, B., and Abdoulkarim, H. T. (2019). Measuring West-Africa Ports Efficiency Using Data Envelopment Analysis, The Journal of Transportation Technologies, 9, 287–308.
Kang, T.-W. (2015). Seaport efficiency in China: a Malmquist TFP perspective. Journal of Distribution and Management Research, 18, 45–52.
Krmac, E., and Kaleibar, M. M. (2025). On assessing input congestion in container terminals. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 1-26.
Kuo, K. C., Lu, W. M., and Le, M. H. (2020). Competitiveness of Vietnam’s port industry using DEA. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 36(3), 136–144.
Kutin, N., Nguyen, T. T., and Vallée, T. (2017). Relative efficiencies of ASEAN container ports. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 33(2), 67–77.
Lam, J. S., and Yap, W. Y. (2006). Cost competitiveness of container ports in Southeast Asia. Transportation, 33, 641–654.
Liu, Q., and Medda, F. (2009). Port infrastructure efficiency: the Europe-Mediterranean case. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 1(4), 361–385.
Martínez-Moya, J., Mestre-Alcover, A., Sala-Garrido, R., and Furió-Pruñonosa, S. (2024). Are transhipment ports more efficient in the Mediterranean? Journal of Transport Geography, 116, 103866.
Medda, F., and Carbonaro, G. (2007). Growth of container seaborne traffic in the Mediterranean basin. Transport Reviews, 27(5), 573–587.
Morata Fernández, M. (2017). Concentration Evolution of the Container Throughput on the Mediterranean Ports (Master’s thesis). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
Moschovou, T. P., and Kapetanakis, D. (2023). Efficiency of Mediterranean container ports: a DEA approach. CivilEng, 4(3), 726–739.
Munisamy, S., and Jun, O. B. (2013). Efficiency of Latin-American container seaports using DEA. 3rd Asia-Pacific Business Research Conference.
Mustafa, F. S., Khan, R. U., and Mustafa, T. (2021). Technical-efficiency comparison of container ports in Asia and the Middle East. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 37(1), 12–19.
Notteboom, T. (2016). The adaptive capacity of container ports in an era of mega vessels. Journal of Transport Geography, 54, 295–309.
Notteboom, T., and Yap, W. Y. (2012). Port competition and competitiveness. In The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics (pp. 549–570).
Park, J., Lee, B. K., and Low, J. M. (2022). A two-stage parallel network DEA for container terminals. Maritime Policy and Management, 49(1), 118–139.
Parola, F., Risitano, M., Ferretti, M., and Panetti, E. (2017). Drivers of port competitiveness: a critical review. Transport Reviews, 37(1), 116–138.
Pehlivan, D. (2020). Comparative container-port efficiency: Turkey and Europe. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty, 2(1), 1–6.
Pham, T. Q. M., Park, G. K., and Choi, K. H. (2021). The efficiency analysis of world top container ports using two-stage uncertainty DEA model and FCM. Maritime Business Review, 6(1), 2-21.
Polyzos, S., and Niavis, S. (2013). Evaluating port efficiency in the Mediterranean. International Journal of Data Analysis Techniques and Strategies, 5(1), 84–100.
Rodrigue, J. P., and Notteboom, T. E. (2013). Containerization and global supply chains: port ve liner integration. Port Management (pp. 5–28).
Schøyen, H., and Odeck, J. (2013). Technical efficiency of Norwegian container ports. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 15(2), 197–221.
Sellari, P. (2024). The Mediterranean Between Centrality and Resilience. In Global Security and International Relations. (pp. 308–323). IIPE.
Song, B., and Cui, Y. (2014). Productivity changes in Chinese container terminals, 2006–2011. Transport Policy, 35, 377–384.
Talluri, S. (2000). Data envelopment analysis: models and extensions. Production/Operations Management Decision Line, 8–11.
Türkistanlı, T. T., Özispa, N., Tuğdemir Kök, G., Özdemir, Ü., and Pehlivan, D. (2025). Exploring Research Trends on Climate Change: Insights into Port Resilience and Sustainability. Sustainability, 17(8), 3542.
UNCTAD. (2020). Review of Maritime Transport 2020. United Nations.
UNCTAD. (2024). Review of Maritime Transport 2024: Navigating Maritime Chokepoints. United Nations.
URL1. deaR: Data Envelopment Analysis in R. https://rbensua.shinyapps.io/deaR/. (Erişim tarihi: 05.05.2025).
Wang, M., Li, H., Chiu, Y. H., Deng, K., ve Deng, M. (2023). Carbon-emission-reduction potential of ports in China’s Yangtze River Delta. SAGE Open, 13(4).
Wiegmans, B., and Witte, P. (2017). Efficiency of inland-waterway container terminals. Transportation Research Part A, 106, 12–21.
Wu, J., Yan, H., and Liu, J. (2010). DEA models for identifying sensitive performance measures in container-port evaluation. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 12, 215–236.
Wu, Y. J., and Goh, M. (2010). Container-port efficiency in emerging and advanced markets. Transportation Research Part E, 46(6), 1030–1042.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Deniz İşletmeciliği, Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Davut Pehlivan ^*
0000-0001-7336-5316
Türkiye

Taha Talip Türkistanlı
0000-0003-4903-6138
Türkiye

Orçun Gündoğan
0000-0001-6013-2441
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

8 Mart 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

2 Temmuz 2025

Kabul Tarihi

26 Eylül 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1732874

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA44JF43TC

APA

Pehlivan, D., Türkistanlı, T. T., & Gündoğan, O. (2026). Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 415-431. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1732874

AMA

1.Pehlivan D, Türkistanlı TT, Gündoğan O. Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi. KFBD. 2026;16(1):415-431. doi:10.31466/kfbd.1732874

Chicago

Pehlivan, Davut, Taha Talip Türkistanlı, ve Orçun Gündoğan. 2026. “Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16 (1): 415-31. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1732874.

EndNote

Pehlivan D, Türkistanlı TT, Gündoğan O (01 Mart 2026) Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16 1 415–431.

IEEE

[1]D. Pehlivan, T. T. Türkistanlı, ve O. Gündoğan, “Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi”, KFBD, c. 16, sy 1, ss. 415–431, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.31466/kfbd.1732874.

ISNAD

Pehlivan, Davut - Türkistanlı, Taha Talip - Gündoğan, Orçun. “Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16/1 (01 Mart 2026): 415-431. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1732874.

JAMA

1.Pehlivan D, Türkistanlı TT, Gündoğan O. Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi. KFBD. 2026;16:415–431.

MLA

Pehlivan, Davut, vd. “Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy 1, Mart 2026, ss. 415-31, doi:10.31466/kfbd.1732874.

Vancouver

1.Davut Pehlivan, Taha Talip Türkistanlı, Orçun Gündoğan. Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi. KFBD. 01 Mart 2026;16(1):415-31. doi:10.31466/kfbd.1732874

Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisinde yayınlanan makaleler Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International kapsamında lisanslanmıştır.

Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi

Efficiency Analysis of Container Ports in The Mediterranean Basin

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akdeniz Havzası Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster