AĞIR YETERSİZLİĞİ OLAN BİREYLER VE OLUMLU DAVRANIŞ DESTEĞİ

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 61, 329 - 349, 09.02.2022

Esra Erbaş Seniha Kurtoğlu Sezgin Vuran

Öz

Ağır yetersizliği olan bireylerde problem davranışların katı kurallar ve cezalar içeren geleneksel yöntemlerle önlenmeye, azaltılmaya ya da ortadan kaldırılmaya çalışılması aksi bir etki yaratarak problem davranışların artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Geleneksel yöntemlere alternatif olarak geliştirilen ve etkililiği birçok araştırma tarafından kanıtlanmış Olumlu Davranış Desteği yaklaşımı, bireylere bireysel ve okul çaplı müdahalelerle olumlu davranış desteği sunarken onların hem sosyal hem de akademik gelişimini amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, ağır yetersizliği olan bireylerde olumlu davranış desteği ile ilgili yapılmış araştırmaları sistematik derleme yöntemi ile incelemektir. Bu çalışma kapsamında incelenen 11 makalenin konuları, amaçları, yöntemleri, çalışma grupları, bulguları, sınırlılıkları ve önerileri analiz edilerek ağır yetersizliği olan bireylerde olumlu davranış desteği araştırmalarına ilişkin bir çıkarıma ulaşılmıştır. Makalelerden elde edilen bulgular çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Ağır yetersizliği olan bireylerle; aile, akran, öğretmen tarafından yürütülen bu çalışmaların ortak vurgusu, olumlu davranış desteğine yönelik müdahalelerin ağır yetersizliği olan bireylerde davranış değiştirme ve kazandırmada etkili olduğudur. Görüş ve tutumlara yönelik yürütülen çalışmalarda ise ağır yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin okul geneli uygulamalara katılımlarında soyutlayıcı bir politika izlendiği ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Olumlu davranış desteği, ağır yetersizlik, okul çaplı olumlu davranış desteği, bireysel olumlu davranış desteği

Kaynakça

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