BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

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Yıl 2013, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 168 - 180, 28.02.2013

Öz

The present study, which was carried out in relational screening model, aims to analyze the relationship between fourth graders' oral reading and speech prosody. The participants included 50 fourth graders studying in Konya and Afyonkarahisar. Students' oral reading and speech were video-recorded and these records were scored by means of scales. Pearson Product Moment Correlation technique was used in order to examine the relationship between oral reading and speech prosody. The results pointed to a medium-level positive relationship between students' oral reading and speech prosody. Students' oral reading and speech prosody scores were analyzed separately in terms of sex; a significant difference was not found between female and male students' means. In addition, some measurements were done with a view to determining prosodic level in oral reading and speech. The results revealed that 52% of the students had low level oral reading prosody while 48% had low level speech prosody.

Kaynakça

  • Akyol, Hayati. (2006). Türkçe İlk okuma yazma öğretimi. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti.
  • Baştuğ, Muhammet. (2012). İlköğretim birinci kademe öğrencilerinin akıcı okuma becerilerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Baştuğ, Muhammet, & Kaman, Şafak. (2012). Nörolojik etki yönteminin öğrencilerin akıcı okuma ve anlama becerilerine etkisi. 11. Sınıf Öğretmenliği Sempozyumu, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, Rize.
  • Baykul, Yaşar. (2000). Eğitimde ve psikolojide ölçme klasik test teorisi ve uygulaması. Ankara: ÖSYM Yayınları.
  • Breznitz, Zvia. (2006). Fluency in reading: Synchronization of processes. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Daane, Mary C., Campbell, Jay R., Grigg, Wendy S., Goodman, Madeline J., & Oranje, Andreas. (2005). Fourth-grade students reading aloud: Naep 2002 special study of oral reading. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics.
  • Dowhower, Sarah Lynn. (1987). Effects of repeated reading on second-grade transitional readers' fluency and comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 22(4), 389-406.
  • Dowhower, Sarah Lynn. (1991). Speaking of prosody: Fluency's unattended bedfellow. Theory Into Practice, 30(3), 1651
  • Eminoğlu, Emin. (2010). Yazı dili konuşma dili İlişkisi ve konuşma eğitimi. III. Uluslararası Dünya Dili Türkçe Sempozyumu, 16-18 Aralık 2010, Buca Eğitim Fakültesi, Izmir.
  • Erkuş, Adnan. (2006). Sınıf öğretmenleri için ölçme ve değerlendirme: Kavramlar ve uygulamalar. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınları.
  • Fraenkel, Jack R., & Wallen, Norman E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education (Seventh ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Fuchs, Lynn S., Fuchs, Douglas, Hosp, Michelle K., & Jenkins, Joseph R. (2001). Oral reading fluency as an indicator of reading competence: A theoretical, empirical, and historical analysis. scientific studies of reading, 5(3), 239 - 256. Goswami, Usha, Thomson, Jennifer, Richardson, Ulla, Stainthorp, Rhona, Hughes, Diana, Rosen, Stuart, & Scott, Sophie K. (2002). Amplitude envelope onsets and developmental dyslexia: A new hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(16), 10911-10916.
  • Hoyte, Ken J., Brownell, Hiram, & Wingfield, Arthur. (2009). Components of speech prosody and their use in detection of syntactic structure by older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 35(1), 129-1 doi: 1080/03610730802565091
  • Hudson, Roxanne F., Lane, Holly B., & Pullen, Paige C. (2005). Reading fluency assessment and instruction: What, why, and how? Reading Teacher, 58(8), 702-714.
  • Karasar, Niyazi. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Keskin, Hasan Kağan. (2012). Akıcı okuma yöntemlerinin okuma becerileri üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kimelman, Mikael D. Z. (1999). Prosody, linguistic demands, and auditory comprehension in aphasia. Brain and Language, 69(2), 212-221. doi: DOI: 10.1006/brln.1999.2142
  • Kleiman, Glenn M., Winograd, Peter N., & Humphrey, Mary M. (1979). Prosody and children's parsing of sentences. Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • Kuhn, Melanie R., Schwanenflugel, Paula J., & Meisinger, Elizabeth B. (2010). Aligning theory and assessment of reading fluency: Automaticity, prosody, and definitions of fluency. Reading Research Quarterly, 45(2), 230-251.
  • Kuhn, Melanie R., & Stahl, Steven A. (2000). Fluency: A review of developmental and remedial practices. Ann Arbor: Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement.
  • Lynott, Dermot, & Connell, Louise. (2010). The effect of prosody on conceptual combination. Cognitive Science, 34(6), 1107-1123. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01119.x
  • Mackey, Linda S., & Finn, Patrick. (1997). Effect of speech dialect on speech naturalness ratings: A systematic replication of martin. Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 40(2), 349.
  • Meyer, M. S., & Felton, R. H. (1999). Repeated reading to enhance fluency: Old approaches and new directions. Annals of Dyslexia, 49, 283-306.
  • Miller, Justin, & Schwanenflugel, Paula J. (2008). A longitudinal study of the development of reading prosody as a dimension of oral reading fluency in early elementary school children. Reading Research Quarterly, 43(4), 3363
  • National Reading Panel. (2000). Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction National Reading Panel. Washington, DC: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
  • Nelson, D. G. K., Hirshpasek, K., Jusczyk, P. W., & Cassidy, K. W. (1989). How the prosodic cues in motherese might assist language-learning. Journal of Child Language, 16(1), 55-68.
  • Nygaard, Lynne C., Herold, Debora S., & Namy, Laura L. (2009). The semantics of prosody: Acoustic and perceptual evidence of prosodic correlates to word meaning. Cognitive Science, 33(1), 127-146. doi: 10.1111/j.15516702008.01007.x
  • Pinnell, G S, Pikulski, J J, Wixson, K K, Campbell, J R, Gough, P B, & Beatty, A S. (1995). Listening to children read aloud: Data from naep's integrated reading performance record (irpr) at grade 4. Princeton N. J.: National Assessment of Educational Progress.
  • Rasinski, Timothy. (2004). Creating fluent readers. Educational Leadership, 61(6), 46-51.
  • Rasinski, Timothy. (2006). Reading fluency instruction: Moving beyond accuracy, automaticity and prosody. The Reading Teacher, 59(7), 704-706.
  • Rasinski, Timothy. (2010). The fluent reader. New York: Scholastic Inc.
  • Rasinski, Timothy, Padak, Nancy D., & Fawcett, Gay. (2010). Teaching children who find reading difficult. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Richek, Margaret Ann, Caldwell, JoAnne Schudt, Jennings, Joyce Holt, & Lerner, Janet W. (2002). Reading problems. Boston: Allyn&Bacon.
  • Samuelsson, Christina, Scocco, Charlotte, & Nettelbladt, Ulrika. (2003). Towards assessment of prosodic abilities in swedish children with language impairment. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 28(4), 156.
  • Schrauben, Julie E. (2010). Prosody's contribution to fluency: An examination of the theory of automatic information processing. Reading Psychology, 31(1), 82 - 92.
  • Schreiber, Peter A. (1991). Understanding prosody's role in reading acquisition. Theory Into Practice, 30(3), 158.
  • Schwanenflugel, Paula J, Hamilton, Anne Marie, Kuhn, Melanie R., Wisenbaker, Joseph M., & Stahl, Steven A. (2004). Becoming a fluent reader: Reading skill and prosodic features in the oral reading of young readers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(1), 119-129. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.96.1.119
  • Sjölander, Kåre. (2011). The snack sound toolkit. Retrieved 30.04.2011, from http://www.speech.kth.se/snack/
  • Sönmez, Kemal, Shriberg, Elizabeth, Heck, Larry, & Weintraub, Mitchel. (1998). Modeling dynamic prosodic variation for speaker verification. Paper presented at the Proc. Int. Conference on Spoken Language Processing.
  • TDK. (2013). Türkçe sözlük. 08.01.2013 tarihinde, Türk Dil Kurumu www.tdk.gov.tr sitesinden alındı.
  • Valencia, Sheila W., Smith, Antony T., Reece, Anne M., Li, Min, Wixson, Karen K., & Newman, Heather. (2010). Oral reading fluency assessment: Issues of construct, criterion, and consequential validity. Reading Research Quarterly, 45(3), 270-291. doi: 10.1598/rrq.45.3.1 van Santen, Jan P. H., Prud'hommeaux, Emily Tucker, & Black, Lois M. (2009). Automated assessment of prosody production. Speech Communication, 51(11), 1082-1097. doi: 10.1016/j.specom.2009.04.007
  • Wells, Bill, & Peppe, Sue. (2003). Intonation abilities of children with speech and language impairments. Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 46(1), 5.
  • Whalley, K., & Hansen, J. (2006). The role of prosodic sensitivity in children's reading development. Journal of Research in Reading, 29(3), 288-303.
  • Zutell, Jerry, & Rasinski, Timothy V. (1991). Training teachers to attend to their student's oral reading fluency. Theory Into Practice, 30(3), 211.

Sesli Okuma ve Konuşma Prozodisi: İlişkisel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 168 - 180, 28.02.2013

Öz

Bu araştırma,  ilköğretim dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin sesli okuma ve konuşma prozodileri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla ilişkisel tarama modelinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya,  Konya ve Afyonkarahisar’da ilköğretim dördüncü sınıfa devam eden 50 öğrenci katılmıştır.  Öğrencilerin sesli okumaları ve konuşmaları video ile kayıt altına alınmış, daha sonra bu kayıtlar üzerinde ölçekler aracılığıyla puanlamalar yapılmıştır. Sesli okuma ve konuşma prozodisi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeye yönelik, Pearson Momentler Çarpım Korelasyon Tekniği kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, öğrencilerin sesli okuma ve konuşma prozodileri arasında, pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki çıkmıştır. Öğrencilerin sesli okumaları ve konuşma prozodi puanları cinsiyet açısından ayrı ayrı incelenmiş; kız ve erkek öğrencilerin ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık çıkmamıştır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin sesli okuma ve konuşmalarındaki prozodik düzeyi belirlemeye yönelik ölçümler yapılmıştır. Bu ölçüm sonuçlarına göre, araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %52’sinin sesli okuma prozodilerinin,  %48’inin ise konuşma prozodilerinin düşük düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Akyol, Hayati. (2006). Türkçe İlk okuma yazma öğretimi. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti.
  • Baştuğ, Muhammet. (2012). İlköğretim birinci kademe öğrencilerinin akıcı okuma becerilerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Baştuğ, Muhammet, & Kaman, Şafak. (2012). Nörolojik etki yönteminin öğrencilerin akıcı okuma ve anlama becerilerine etkisi. 11. Sınıf Öğretmenliği Sempozyumu, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, Rize.
  • Baykul, Yaşar. (2000). Eğitimde ve psikolojide ölçme klasik test teorisi ve uygulaması. Ankara: ÖSYM Yayınları.
  • Breznitz, Zvia. (2006). Fluency in reading: Synchronization of processes. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Daane, Mary C., Campbell, Jay R., Grigg, Wendy S., Goodman, Madeline J., & Oranje, Andreas. (2005). Fourth-grade students reading aloud: Naep 2002 special study of oral reading. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics.
  • Dowhower, Sarah Lynn. (1987). Effects of repeated reading on second-grade transitional readers' fluency and comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 22(4), 389-406.
  • Dowhower, Sarah Lynn. (1991). Speaking of prosody: Fluency's unattended bedfellow. Theory Into Practice, 30(3), 1651
  • Eminoğlu, Emin. (2010). Yazı dili konuşma dili İlişkisi ve konuşma eğitimi. III. Uluslararası Dünya Dili Türkçe Sempozyumu, 16-18 Aralık 2010, Buca Eğitim Fakültesi, Izmir.
  • Erkuş, Adnan. (2006). Sınıf öğretmenleri için ölçme ve değerlendirme: Kavramlar ve uygulamalar. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınları.
  • Fraenkel, Jack R., & Wallen, Norman E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education (Seventh ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Fuchs, Lynn S., Fuchs, Douglas, Hosp, Michelle K., & Jenkins, Joseph R. (2001). Oral reading fluency as an indicator of reading competence: A theoretical, empirical, and historical analysis. scientific studies of reading, 5(3), 239 - 256. Goswami, Usha, Thomson, Jennifer, Richardson, Ulla, Stainthorp, Rhona, Hughes, Diana, Rosen, Stuart, & Scott, Sophie K. (2002). Amplitude envelope onsets and developmental dyslexia: A new hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(16), 10911-10916.
  • Hoyte, Ken J., Brownell, Hiram, & Wingfield, Arthur. (2009). Components of speech prosody and their use in detection of syntactic structure by older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 35(1), 129-1 doi: 1080/03610730802565091
  • Hudson, Roxanne F., Lane, Holly B., & Pullen, Paige C. (2005). Reading fluency assessment and instruction: What, why, and how? Reading Teacher, 58(8), 702-714.
  • Karasar, Niyazi. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Keskin, Hasan Kağan. (2012). Akıcı okuma yöntemlerinin okuma becerileri üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kimelman, Mikael D. Z. (1999). Prosody, linguistic demands, and auditory comprehension in aphasia. Brain and Language, 69(2), 212-221. doi: DOI: 10.1006/brln.1999.2142
  • Kleiman, Glenn M., Winograd, Peter N., & Humphrey, Mary M. (1979). Prosody and children's parsing of sentences. Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • Kuhn, Melanie R., Schwanenflugel, Paula J., & Meisinger, Elizabeth B. (2010). Aligning theory and assessment of reading fluency: Automaticity, prosody, and definitions of fluency. Reading Research Quarterly, 45(2), 230-251.
  • Kuhn, Melanie R., & Stahl, Steven A. (2000). Fluency: A review of developmental and remedial practices. Ann Arbor: Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement.
  • Lynott, Dermot, & Connell, Louise. (2010). The effect of prosody on conceptual combination. Cognitive Science, 34(6), 1107-1123. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01119.x
  • Mackey, Linda S., & Finn, Patrick. (1997). Effect of speech dialect on speech naturalness ratings: A systematic replication of martin. Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 40(2), 349.
  • Meyer, M. S., & Felton, R. H. (1999). Repeated reading to enhance fluency: Old approaches and new directions. Annals of Dyslexia, 49, 283-306.
  • Miller, Justin, & Schwanenflugel, Paula J. (2008). A longitudinal study of the development of reading prosody as a dimension of oral reading fluency in early elementary school children. Reading Research Quarterly, 43(4), 3363
  • National Reading Panel. (2000). Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction National Reading Panel. Washington, DC: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
  • Nelson, D. G. K., Hirshpasek, K., Jusczyk, P. W., & Cassidy, K. W. (1989). How the prosodic cues in motherese might assist language-learning. Journal of Child Language, 16(1), 55-68.
  • Nygaard, Lynne C., Herold, Debora S., & Namy, Laura L. (2009). The semantics of prosody: Acoustic and perceptual evidence of prosodic correlates to word meaning. Cognitive Science, 33(1), 127-146. doi: 10.1111/j.15516702008.01007.x
  • Pinnell, G S, Pikulski, J J, Wixson, K K, Campbell, J R, Gough, P B, & Beatty, A S. (1995). Listening to children read aloud: Data from naep's integrated reading performance record (irpr) at grade 4. Princeton N. J.: National Assessment of Educational Progress.
  • Rasinski, Timothy. (2004). Creating fluent readers. Educational Leadership, 61(6), 46-51.
  • Rasinski, Timothy. (2006). Reading fluency instruction: Moving beyond accuracy, automaticity and prosody. The Reading Teacher, 59(7), 704-706.
  • Rasinski, Timothy. (2010). The fluent reader. New York: Scholastic Inc.
  • Rasinski, Timothy, Padak, Nancy D., & Fawcett, Gay. (2010). Teaching children who find reading difficult. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Richek, Margaret Ann, Caldwell, JoAnne Schudt, Jennings, Joyce Holt, & Lerner, Janet W. (2002). Reading problems. Boston: Allyn&Bacon.
  • Samuelsson, Christina, Scocco, Charlotte, & Nettelbladt, Ulrika. (2003). Towards assessment of prosodic abilities in swedish children with language impairment. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 28(4), 156.
  • Schrauben, Julie E. (2010). Prosody's contribution to fluency: An examination of the theory of automatic information processing. Reading Psychology, 31(1), 82 - 92.
  • Schreiber, Peter A. (1991). Understanding prosody's role in reading acquisition. Theory Into Practice, 30(3), 158.
  • Schwanenflugel, Paula J, Hamilton, Anne Marie, Kuhn, Melanie R., Wisenbaker, Joseph M., & Stahl, Steven A. (2004). Becoming a fluent reader: Reading skill and prosodic features in the oral reading of young readers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(1), 119-129. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.96.1.119
  • Sjölander, Kåre. (2011). The snack sound toolkit. Retrieved 30.04.2011, from http://www.speech.kth.se/snack/
  • Sönmez, Kemal, Shriberg, Elizabeth, Heck, Larry, & Weintraub, Mitchel. (1998). Modeling dynamic prosodic variation for speaker verification. Paper presented at the Proc. Int. Conference on Spoken Language Processing.
  • TDK. (2013). Türkçe sözlük. 08.01.2013 tarihinde, Türk Dil Kurumu www.tdk.gov.tr sitesinden alındı.
  • Valencia, Sheila W., Smith, Antony T., Reece, Anne M., Li, Min, Wixson, Karen K., & Newman, Heather. (2010). Oral reading fluency assessment: Issues of construct, criterion, and consequential validity. Reading Research Quarterly, 45(3), 270-291. doi: 10.1598/rrq.45.3.1 van Santen, Jan P. H., Prud'hommeaux, Emily Tucker, & Black, Lois M. (2009). Automated assessment of prosody production. Speech Communication, 51(11), 1082-1097. doi: 10.1016/j.specom.2009.04.007
  • Wells, Bill, & Peppe, Sue. (2003). Intonation abilities of children with speech and language impairments. Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 46(1), 5.
  • Whalley, K., & Hansen, J. (2006). The role of prosodic sensitivity in children's reading development. Journal of Research in Reading, 29(3), 288-303.
  • Zutell, Jerry, & Rasinski, Timothy V. (1991). Training teachers to attend to their student's oral reading fluency. Theory Into Practice, 30(3), 211.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hasan Keskin

Muhammet Baştuğ

Hayati Akyol

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Keskin, H., Baştuğ, M., & Akyol, H. (2013). Sesli Okuma ve Konuşma Prozodisi: İlişkisel Bir Çalışma. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 168-180. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.92252

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