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The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities

Sayı: 126 29 Eylül 2026
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The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities

Öz

This paper investigates the nonlinear relationship between gender inequality, female socioeconomic development, and economic performance in Türkiye over the period 1990–2024 using a Markov-switching dynamic specification combined with Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) models. While the linear ARDL benchmark indicates a stable long-run negative association between gender inequality and per capita income, the Markov-switching model reveals significant state dependence: the impact of gender inequality strengthens in specific regimes, and female labour force participation displays sign-switching behaviour across states. Furthermore, NARDL estimates confirm asymmetric long-run dynamics, showing that capital formation and female educational attainment foster economic growth, whereas female human development exhibits direction-dependent adjustments with gender inequality. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the gender–development–growth nexus in Türkiye is driven by both state-dependent and direction-dependent dynamics, underscoring the need for integrated policy frameworks that promote female capital accumulation, labour market inclusion, and sustained gender equality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic growth, Gender inequality, MS-ARDL and NARDL models, Regime-dependent socio-economic determinants

Destekleyen Kurum

NA

Etik Beyan

This study has been prepared in full compliance with the rules of scientific research and publication ethics. No fabrication, misrepresentation, or conflict of interest has occurred during the data collection and analysis processes. All data used in this study were obtained from publicly available sources, and citations and references have been duly acknowledged.

Teşekkür

I would like to express my gratitude to my esteemed colleague, Associate Professor Murteza Ocaklı, for his invaluable assistance in the econometric application part of this study.

Kaynakça

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  2. Badru, R. (2020). Distribution and gender effects on the path of economic growth: comparative evidence for developed, semi-industrialized, and low-income agricultural economies. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3635479
  3. Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2003). Inequality and growth: what can the data say? Journal of Economic Growth, 8(3), 267–299. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026205114860
  4. Barro, R. J. (2000). Inequality and growth in a panel of countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009850119329
  5. Berg, A. G., & Ostry, J. D. (2017). Inequality and unsustainable growth: two sides of the same coin? IMF Economic Review, 65(4), 792–815. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-017-0030-8
  6. Bose, C. E. (2015). Patterns of global gender inequalities and regional gender regimes. Gender & Society, 29(6), 767–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243215607849
  7. Braunstein, E. (2008). The feminist political economy of the rent-seeking society: an investigation of gender inequality and economic growth. Journal of Economic Issues, 42(4), 959–979. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2008.11507198
  8. Braunstein, E. (2015). Economic Growth and Social Reproduction: Gender Inequality as Cause and Consequence (UN Women Discussion Papers) [UN Women Discussion Papers]. https://doi.org/10.18356/5be883c5-en
  9. Braunstein, E., Bouhia, R., & Seguino, S. (2019). Social reproduction, gender equality and economic growth. Cambridge Journal of Economics, bez032. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bez032
  10. Braunstein, E., Seguino, S., & Altringer, L. (2021). Estimating the role of social reproduction in economic growth. International Journal of Political Economy, 50(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911916.2021.1942963

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kaya, E. (2026). The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, 126, 324-352. https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1924203
AMA
1.Kaya E. The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları. 2026;(126):324-352. doi:10.33203/mfy.1924203
Chicago
Kaya, Elif. 2026. “The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities”. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, sy 126: 324-52. https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1924203.
EndNote
Kaya E (01 Eylül 2026) The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları 126 324–352.
IEEE
[1]E. Kaya, “The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities”, Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, sy 126, ss. 324–352, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.33203/mfy.1924203.
ISNAD
Kaya, Elif. “The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities”. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları. 126 (01 Eylül 2026): 324-352. https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1924203.
JAMA
1.Kaya E. The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları. 2026;:324–352.
MLA
Kaya, Elif. “The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities”. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, sy 126, Eylül 2026, ss. 324-52, doi:10.33203/mfy.1924203.
Vancouver
1.Elif Kaya. The Political Economy of Uneven Growth: Regime Change and Gendered Inequalities. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları. 01 Eylül 2026;(126):324-52. doi:10.33203/mfy.1924203