Politik Kutuplaşma ve Gelirin Kişisel Dağılımı

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 337 - 351, 24.08.2020

Nazlı Keyifli , Sacit Hadi Akdede

https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.646569

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışmada, politik kutuplaşmanın belirleyicileri ampirik olarak incelenmektedir. Devletin ekonomik büyüklüğü ve gelir dağılımı ve diğer kontrol değişkenleri bağımsız değişkenleri oluşturmaktadır. İstatistiksel analiz olarak EKK ve 2EKK yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamına 61 ülke dahildir ve 1990 ile 2015 arasındaki zaman aralığı kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonuçları, gelir eşitsizliğinin artmasının politik kutuplaşmayı arttırdığını gösteriyor. Politik kutuplaşma, Dünya Değerler Araştırması'ndan (WVS) elde edilmiştir. Söz konusu değişken “government responsibility” sorusuna verilen yanıtların standart sapması olarak ölçülür. Ek olarak, bizim ampirik sonuçlarımız hükümet büyüklüğünün artmasının politik kutuplaşmayı azalttığına işaret ediyor. Çalışma bu bulguların bağlantılarını açıklamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Politik Kutuplaşma, Kamu Büyüklüğü, Gelir Dağılımı
JEL Sınıflandırması: H50, P16,D31

Anahtar Kelimeler

Politik Kutuplaşma, Kamu Büyüklüğü, Gelir Dağılımı

Political Polarization, Income Inequality and Government

Öz

This paper empirically investigates the determinants of political polarization. Size of government and income distribution are the main independent variables along with other controlling variables. The statistical analysis uses OLS and 2SLS methodogies. The sample of countries includes 61 countries and time period spans between 1990 and 2015. Results of regressions analysis indicate that increased income inequality increases political polarization. Political polarization is derived from World Values Survey ( WVS). It is measured as standard deviation of responses to the question “what is role for government”. In addition, results of our empirical analysis indicates that increased governemt size reduces the political polarization. The paper explains the links for these findings.
Key Words: Political Polarization, Size of Government, Income Inequality
JEL Classification: H50, P16,D31

Kaynakça

• Akdede, S. H. (2010). Do More Ethnically and Religiously Diverse Countries Have Lower Democratization?. Economics Letters, 106 (2), 101-104.
• Akdede, S. H. (2012). Income Inequality and Political Polarization and Fracturalization: An Empirical Investigation of Some European Countries. Bulletin of Economic Research, 64 (1), 20-30.
• Alesina, A., Devleeschauwer, A., Easterly, W., Kurtat, S. & Wacziarg, R. (2002). Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth, 8 (2), 155-194.
• Alt, J. E. & Lassen, D. D. (2006). Transparency Political Polarization and Political Budget Cycles in OECD Countries. American Journal of Political Science, 50 (3), 530-550.
• Arı, A. & Özcan, B. (2012). Hollanda Hastalığı: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Sosyoekonomi, 18 (18), 153-172.
• Azomahoua, T. T. & Diene, M. (2012). Polarization patterns in economic development and innovation. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 23 (4), 421– 436.
• Campante, F. R. & Hojman, D. A. (2013). Media and Polarization Evidence from the Introduction of Broadcast TV in the United States. Journal of Public Economics, 100, 79-92.
• Çakır, Ö. (2002). Sosyal Dışlama. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(5), 83-105.
• Duclos, J.-Y., Esteban, J. & Ray, D. (2004). Polarization: concepts, measurement and estimation. Econometrica, 72 (6), 1737–1772.
• Esteban, J. & Ray, D. (2011). Linking Conflict to Inequality and Polarization. American Economic Review, 101 (4), 1345-1374.
• European Values Study Group and World Values Association (2006), European and World Values Surveys Wave 2 1990-1994, Version 2014-04-29, http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV2.jsp (Erişim: 17.06.2019).
• European Values Study Group and World Values Association (2006), European and World Values Surveys Wave 3 1995-1998, Version 2014-04-09, http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV3.jsp (Erişim: 17.06.2019).
• European Values Study Group and World Values Association (2006), European and World Values Surveys Wave 4 1999-2004, Version 2014-04-09, http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV4.jsp (Erişimi: 17.06.2019).
• European Values Study Group and World Values Association (2006), European and World Values Surveys Wave 5 2005-2009, Version 2014-04-09, http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV5.jsp (Erişim: 17.06.2019).
• European Values Study Group and World Values Association (2006), European and World Values Surveys Wave 6 2010-2014, Version 2014-04-09, http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp (Erişim: 17.06.2019).
• Frye, T. (2002). The Perils of Polarization: Economic Performance in the Postcommunist World. World Politics, 54 (3), 308-337.
• Grechyna, D. (2016). On the Determinants of Political Polarization. Economics Letters, 144 (C), 10-14.
• Gujarati, D. N. (2011). Econometric By Exemple, Boston: The Mc-Graw-Hill Companies.
• Hacker, J. S. (2004). Privatizing Risk Without Privatizing the Welfare State: the Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States. The American Political Science Review, 98 (2),243-260.
• Hsiao, C. (2007). Panel Data Analysis-Advantages and Challenges. Test: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, 16 (1), 1-22.
• Kotera, G. & Okada, K. (2017). How does democratization affect the composition of government expenditure?. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 137 ( C), 145-159.
• Lindqvist, E. & Östling, R. (2010). Political Polarization and the Size of Government. The American Political Science Review, 104 (3), 543-565.
• Londregan, J. B.& Poole, K. T. (1996). Does High Income Promote Democracy?. World Politics, 49 (1), 1-30.
• McCarty, N., Poole, K. T.& Rosenthal, H. (2006). Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches, MIT Press.
• Meltzer, A. H. & Richard, S. F. (1981). A Rational Theory of tha Size of Government. Journal of Political Economy, 89 (5), 914-927.
• Montalvo, J. G.& Reynal-Querol, M. (2005). Ethnic Polarization, Potential Conflict, and Civil Wars. The American Economic Review, 95 (3), 796-816.
• Profeta, P., Puglisi, R. & Scabrosetti, S. (2013). Does Democracy Affect Taxation and Government Spending? Evidence from Developing Countries. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41 (3), 684-718.
• Rehm, P. (2011). Risk inequality and the polarized American electorat. British Journal of Political Science, 41( 2), 363-387.
• Tatoğlu, Y. F. (2013). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi: Stata Uygulamalı, (İkinci baskı), İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
• Testa, C. (2012). Is Polarization Bad?. European Economic Review, 56 ( 6), 1104-1118.
• Wooldridge, J. M. (2002). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, Cambridge: The MIT Press.
• World Bank (2017), World Development Indicators 2017, Washington, DC: World Bank.
• Zhang, X. & Kanbur, R. (2001). What differences do polarization measures make? An application to China. Journal of Development Studies, 37 (3), 85–98.