Writing Rules

Reference Style:

General Requirements:

• Manuscripts must be submitted in Microsoft Word format.
• The main text, including tables, graphics, figures, and maps, should be written in Times New Roman, 10-point font, with 1.15 line spacing. Paragraphs must be separated by spacing rather than indentation. Within tables, line spacing may be reduced to 1.0.
• Manuscripts should be a minimum of 5,000 words, excluding the extended English abstract.
• Title: The title must accurately reflect the content of the article. It should be written in bold, capitalized initials (excluding conjunctions such as and, for, etc.), in 11-point font.
• Author Information: Author names and institutional affiliations should be centered and written in 10-point font. Academic titles should not be included. Institutional names should be italicized. Additional author information—academic title, university/institution, faculty/institute/college, department, e-mail address, and ORCID ID—should be provided in a footnote, marked with an asterisk (*).
• Abstract: Each article must include an abstract in both Turkish and English. Abstracts should not exceed 200 words, use 9-point font, and exclude references, figures, or table numbers. Keywords (minimum 3, maximum 8) in both languages should be listed one line below the abstract.
• Extended Abstract: To enhance international visibility, each article must include an extended abstract in English, between 1,000–1,500 words. This may be submitted together with the manuscript or after acceptance. In the latter case, the extended abstract will be reviewed by the journal’s English editors.
• Tables, Graphics, and Figures: Titles of tables, graphics, and figures should be written above the item, in 9-point bold font, aligned left, with numbering and a period (e.g., Table 1. Citation table). Only the first word should be capitalized.
• Figures and graphics must be high-resolution and suitable for black-and-white print.
• Sources must be cited below the table/graphic/figure in italic, centered, 8-point font.
• Text inside tables must not exceed 9-point font.
• Citations: Footnotes should be avoided unless necessary for explanatory purposes, and must be automatically numbered. Endnotes are not used. In-text citations must follow APA 7 principles. Direct quotations under five lines should appear in quotation marks within the text. Quotations longer than five lines should be presented in block format, 9-point font, indented 1.5 cm from both margins, and single-spaced.
• General references should include only the author’s surname and year (e.g., Bulut, 2009).
• References to specific pages should include page numbers (e.g., Faroqhi, 1997, p. 67; Korkut, 2020, pp. 12–14).

Citation table

• When citing more than one source in the same parenthesis, the references should be listed in the same order as they appear in the bibliography and separated by a semicolon (;). Example: (Bulut, 2009; Korkut, 2020).
• References to institutions in internet sources should include the institution name. Example: (CBRT, 2020).
• For online articles with a known author/reporter, the author’s name should be cited as in standard references. Example: (Karaman, 2020).
• Works by the same author published in the same year should be differentiated with letters. Example: (Özcan, 2008a); (Özcan, 2008b).

References Section:

• All sources cited in the manuscript must be included in the References list. Sources not cited in the text should not be listed. Classical texts and personal interviews are excluded from the References section.
• For authors with multiple publications, works should be listed chronologically by year of publication.
• DOI numbers of cited works, if available, should be included at the end of the reference.
• References should be written in 9-point font, including the References title, and listed alphabetically by the authors’ surnames.

Examples of References (APA 7 Style):

• Single-author book: Çadırcı, M. (1991). Tanzimat döneminde Anadolu kentleri'nin sosyal ve ekonomik yapıları (Vol. 124). Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
• Multi-authored book: Demir, C., & Çevirgen, A. (2006). Ekoturizm yönetimi. Nobel Yayınları.
• Edited book: İnalcık, H., & Quataert, D. (Eds.). (1994). An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914. Cambridge University Press.
• Book chapter: Bulut, M., & Korkut, C. (2017). A look at cash waqfs as Islamic financial institutions and instruments. In Critical Issues and Challenges in Islamic Economics and Finance Development (pp. 85–96). Springer International Publishing.
• Journal article: Bulut, M. (2011). Gelişen Avrupa genişleyen Osmanlı’dan günümüze dünya ekonomisi’nde değişen dengeler ve yeni merkez. ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 11–28.
• Report: Karagöl, E. T., & Akgeyik, T. (2010). Türkiye’de istihdam durumu: Genel eğilimler. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı.
• Internet sources with author: Karaman, H. (2020). Dâru’l-harb konusu. Yeni Şafak. https://www.yenisafak.com/yazarlar/hayrettinkaraman/drul-harb-konusu-2055445 [27.06.2020].
• Institutional internet sources: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası – TCMB. (2020). Çin Yuanı fonlaması kullandırımlarının gerçekleştirilmesine ilişkin basın duyurusu (2020-33). https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Duyurular/Basin/2020/DUY2020-33 [27.06.2020].
• Article with DOI: Pamuk, Ş. (2004). The evolution of financial institutions in the Ottoman Empire, 1600–1914. Financial History Review, 11(1), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0968565004000022