Effect of Functional Dairy Products on Immune System and Yakult Instance

Year 2013, Volume: 11 Issue: 3-4, 114 - 118, 01.09.2013

Çağdaş Koçak Tuğba Kök Taş

Abstract

In recent years, people have had a tendency to regular and balanced diet in order to maintain a high quality life style. Therefore health-conscious consumers have increased their need for functional foods. Functional dairy products comprise of several products with probiotic properties including the acidophilus milk, probiotic yoghurt, kefir, yakult, kımız and dahi. The consumption of functional dairy products aids the gut flora and supports the immune system. Beneficial bacteria colonize onto the intestinal epithelial cells and may develop an immune response for the mucosal and the systemic system by producing metabolites with antibacterial properties. Additionally, the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that they produce display phagocytic activity against foreign materials and microorganisms through the production of lysosomal enzymes and monokines. Conducted studies reported elevated percentage levels of leukocytes including monocytes and neutrophils, which are the indicators of phagocytic activity, upon consumption of probiotic microorganisms used in functional dairy products. For example, in the experiments with volunteers that daily intake during three weeks of yakult provides a positive effect on NK-cell activity.This present study aims to present relevant research on the effect of various functional dairy products on the immune system and to promote the appearance of more health-conscious food products in supermarkets

Keywords

Functional foods, Yakult, Probiotic, Gut immune system

Fonksiyonel Süt Ürünlerinin Bağışıklık Sistemi Üzerine Etkisi ve Yakult Örneği

Abstract

Son yıllarda kaliteli ve sağlıklı bir yaşam için insanlar dengeli ve düzenli beslenmeye yönelmektedirler. Bu sebeple bilinçli tüketici fonksiyonel gıdalara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Fonksiyonel süt ürünlerini özellikle probiyotik özellik içeren ürünlerden; asidofilus sütleri, probiyotik yoğurtlar, kefir, yakult, kımız ve dahi gibi ürünler oluşturmaktadır. Fonksiyonel süt ürünlerinin tüketimi kişilerin bağırsak florasına ve bağışıklık sistemine olumlu katkı sağlamaktadır. Yararlı bakteriler bağırsak hücrelerine tutunarak ve antibakteriyel metabolitler üreterek mukozal sisteme immün yanıt oluşturabilmektedirler. Ayrıca ürettikleri reaktif oksijen ve nitrojen türleri, lizozomal enzim ve monokinlerin üretimi ile yabancı maddelere fagositik aktivite göstermektedirler. Yapılan araştırmalarda fonksiyonel süt ürünlerinde kullanılan probiyotik özellikli mikroorganizmaların tüketimi ile fagositik aktivitenin göstergesi olan monositler ve nötrofiller gibi lökositlerin yüzde oranlarında artış olduğu belirtilmektedir. Örneğin yakult fermente içeceği üç hafta süresince tüketen gönüllü kişilerde lenfosit hücre aktivitesinin olumlu etkilendiği belirtilmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı farklı fonksiyonel süt ürünlerinin bağışıklık sistemine etkileri ile ilgili araştırmaları ve ülkemizde tanınmayan Yakult ürünü hakkında bilgi sunmaktır

Keywords

Fonksiyonel gıda, Yakult, Probiyotik, Bağırsak bağışıklık sistemi

References

• Kotilainen, L., Rajalahti, R., Ragasa, C., Pehu, E., 2006. Health enhancing foods: Opportunities for strengthening the sector in developing countries. Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 30.
• De Vrese, M., Schrezenmeir, J., 2001. Pro and prebiotics, Innov Food Technol, May/ June, 49-55
• Özden, A., 2005. Gastro-intestinal sistem ve probiyotik-prebiyotik Gastroentoloji 9-3. sinbiyotik, Güncel
• Andersson, H., Asp, N-G., Bruce, A., Roos, S., Wadström, T., Wold, A.G., 2001. Health effects of probiotics and prebiotics A literature review on human studies. Food and Research Vol:45.
• Matsuzaki, T., Chin, J., 2000. Modulating immune responses with probiotic bacteria Immunology and Cell Biology 78: 67-73.
• Weizman, Z., Asli, G., Alsheikh, A., 2005. Effect of a probiotic infant formula on infections in child care centers: comparison of two probiotic agents. Pediatrics 115(1): 5-9
• De Roos, N.M., Katan, M.B., 2000. Effects of probiotic bacteria on diarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: a review of papers published between 1988 and 1998. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71(2) 405-411.
• Peral, M.C., Martinez, M.A., Valdez, JC., 2009. Bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus plantarum in burns. Int. Wound J. 6(1): 73–81.
• Park, S.K., Park, D.I., Choi, J.S., Kang, M.S., Park, J.H., 2007. The effect of probiotics on Helicobacter pylori eradication. Hepatogastroenterology 54(79): 2032–2033
• Isolauri, E., Juntunen, M., Rautanen, T., Sillanaukee, P., Koivula, T., 1991. A human Lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus casei sp strain GG) promotes recovery from acute diarrhea in children. Pediatrics 88(1): 90–97.
• Chiang, B.L., Sheih, Y.H., Wang, L.H., Liao, C.K., Gill, H.S., 2000. Enhancing immunity by dietary consumption of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): optimization and definition of cellular immune responses. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54(11): 849–55.
• Sheih, Y.H., Chiang, B.L., Wang, L.H., Liao, C.K., Gill, H.S., 2001. Systemic immunity-enhancing effects in healthy subjects following dietary consumption of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20(2 Suppl): 149–56.
• Fujimori, S,, Gudis, K., Mitsui, K., Seo, T., Yonezawa, M., et al. 2009. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of symbiotic versus probiotic or prebiotic treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis. Nutrition 25(5): 520– 25.
• Baharav, E., Mor, F., Halpern, M., Weinberger, A., 2004. Lactobacillus GG bacteria ameliorate arthritis in Lewis rats. J. Nutr. 134(8): 1964–69.
• Urbanska, A.M., Bhathena, J., Martoni, C., Prakash, S., 2009. Estimation of the potential antitumor activity acidophilus yogurt formulation in the attenuation of tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice. Dig. Dis. Sci. 54(2): 264–273. Lactobacillus
• Gallaher, D.D., Khil, J., 1999. The effect of synbiotics on colon carcinogenesis in rats. J. Nutr. 129(7 Suppl):1483S–1487S.
• Gill, H.S., Rutherfurd, K.J., 2001. Immune enhancement conferred by oral delivery of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in different milk- based substrates. J. Dairy Res. 68(4): 611–616.
• Ward, R.E., German, J.B., 2004. Understanding milk’s bioactive components: a goal for the genomics toolbox. J. Nutr. 134(4): 962S–967S.
• Severin, S., Xia, W.S., 2005. Milk biologically active components as nutraceuticals: review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 45(7–8): 645–56.
• Haque, E., Chand, R., 2008. Antihypertensive and antimicrobial bioactive peptides from milk proteins. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 227(1): 7–15.
• Yadav, H., Jain, S., Sinha, P.R., 2007. Production of free fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in problotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei during fermentation and storage. Int. Dairy J. 17(8): 1006–1010.
• Jain, S., Yadav, H., Sinha, P.R., Marotta, F., 2009. Modulation of cytokine gene expression in spleen and Peyer’s patches by feeding dahi containing probiotic Lactobacillus casei in mice. J. Dig. Dis. 10(1): 49–54.
• Sheih, Y.H., Chiang, B.L., Wang, L.H., Liao, C.K., Gill, H.S., 2001. Systemic immunity-enhancing effects in healthy subjects following dietary consumption of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20(2 Suppl): 149–56
• Chiang, B.L., Sheih, Y.H., Wang, L.H., Liao, CK., Gill, H.S., 2000. Enhancing immunity by dietary consumption of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): optimization and definition of cellular immune responses. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54(11): 849–55.
• Gill, H.S., Rutherfurd, K.J., 2001. Immune enhancement conferred by oral delivery of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in different milk- based substrates. J. Dairy Res. 68(4): 611–616.
• Ender, G., 2006. III. Süt ve Süt Hayvancılığı Öğrenci Kongresi, 21 Mayıs 2012, Aksaray.
• Surono, I.S., Hosono, A., 2003. Fermented milks: types and standards of identity. In: Roginski, H., Fuquay, J.W., Fox, P.F. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Academic Press, London, pp. 1018–1023.
• Kanazawa, H., Nagino, M., Kamiya, S., Komatsu, S., Mayumi, T., Takagi, K., Asahara, T., Nomoto, K., Tanaka, R., Nimura, Y., 2005. Symbiotic reduce postoperative randomized controlled trial in biliary cancer patients undergoing hepatectomy. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 390: 104–113. complications: a
• Sugawara, G., Nagino,M., Nishio, H., Ebata, T., Takagi, K., Asahara, T.,Nomoto, K., Nimura, Y., 2006. Perioperative symbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of Surgery 244: 706–714.
• Kanamori, Y., Sugiyama, M., Hashizume, K., Yuki, N., Morotomi, M., Tanaka, R., 2004. Experience of long-term symbiotic therapy in seven short bowel patients with refractory enterocolitis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 39: 1686–1692.
• Matsumoto, S., Watanabe, N., Imaoka, A., Okabe, Y., 2001. Preventive effects of Bifidobacterium- and Lactobacillus-fermented milk on the development of inflammatory bowel disease in senescence- accelerated mouse P1/Yit strain mice. Digestion 64: 92–99.
• Ishikawa, H., Akedo, I., Umesaki, Y., Tanaka, R., Imaoka, A., Otani, T., 2003. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on ulcerative colitis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 22: 56–63.
• Kato, K., Mizuno, S., Umesaki, Y., Ishii, Y., Sugitani, M., Imaoka, A., Otsuka, M., Hasunuma, O., Kurihara, R., Iwasaki, A., Arakawa, Y., 2004. Randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on active ulcerative colitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 20: 1133–1141.
• De Preter, V., Vanhoutte, T.,Huys, G., Swings, J., De Vuyst, L., Rutgeerts, P., Verbeke, K., 2007. Effects Bifidobacterium breve, and oligofructose-enriched inulin on colonic nitrogen–protein metabolism in healthy humans. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 292: G358– 368. casei Shirota
• Shima, T., Fukushima, K., Setoyama, H., Imaoka, A., Matsumoto, S., Hara, T., Suda, K., Umesaki, Y., 2008. Differential effects of two probiotic strains with different bacteriological properties on intestinal gene expression, with special reference to indigenous bacteria. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 52: 69–77.
• Nagao, F., Nakayama, M., Muto, T., Okumura, K., 2000. Effects of a fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the immune system in healthy human subjects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64: 2706–2708.
• Spanhaak, S., Havenaar, R., Schaafsma, G., 1998. The effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the intestinal microflora and immune parameters in humans. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 52: 899-907.
• O’Connel, J. E., Allgrove, L. Pollard, M. Xiang and L. S. Harbige School of Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK 3rd Immunonutrition Workshop, 21– 24 October 2009, Girona, Spain.
• Matsumoto, K., Takada, T., Shimizu, K., Moriyama, K., Kawakami, K., 2010. Effects of a probiotic fermented milk beverage containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on defecation frequency, intestinal microbiota, and the intestinal environment of healthy individuals with soft stools. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 110(5): 547-552.
• Stockenhuber, A., Kamhuber, C., Leeb, G., Adelmann, K., Prager, E., Mach, K., Stockenhuber, F., 2008. Preventing diarrhoea associated with antibiotics using a probiotic Lactobacillus casei preparation. Gut 57(Suppl II): A20.
• Sur, D., Mana, B., Niyogi, S.K., Ramamurthy, T., Palit, A., Nomoto, K., Takahashi, T., Shima, T., Tsuji, H., Kurakawa, T., Takeda, Y., Nair, G.B., Bhattacharya, S.K., 2010. Role of probiotic in preventing acute diarrhoea in children: a community-based, placebo-controlled field trial in an urban slum. Epidemiol Infect. 30: 1-8. double-blind
• Rao, A.V., Bested, A.C., Beaulne, T.M., Katzman, M.A., Iorio, C., Berardi, J.M., Logan, A.C., 2009. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of a probiotic in emotional symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. Gut Path. 19(1): 6.