Apparent Steel Use Per Capita: Raking in the Money or Draining the Coffers?

Abstract

This study uses an econometric decision model to examine the relationship between apparent steel use per capita in the Republic of Korea and the monetary and economic structures of individuals and the country. South Korea is one of the leading countries in terms of apparent steel use per capita. The analysis considers 1,496 indicators from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators series. These indicators are classified at the individual and country levels according to the research scope and data constraints. The CRITIC method is used to select the variables without external intervention in the time series. The selection relies on the intrinsic algorithmic structure of the series. NARDL and Hatemi-J asymmetric causality methods are used in the econometric analysis. The ALWAS method is used to assess integrated performance. The findings indicate that the usage intensity hypothesis, which has been present in the literature for over fifty years, requires reconsideration and revision. The results also show the significance of apparent steel use per capita for individuals and the state in terms of socio-economic, socio-technical and political metallurgy dimensions.

Keywords

• Apparent steel use
• Republic of Korea
• Industry policies
• Monetary social economics

Ethical Statement

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal participants. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The data used in this study are provided in the references section of the paper. All datasets were compiled by the authors from publicly available sources. This research has been prepared and presented with equal contributions from all authors, in accordance with scientific publication principles and ethical guidelines. The final version of the study has been reviewed and approved by all authors.

Thanks

Valuable comments and constructive suggestions from the anonymous reviewers and the editor are gratefully acknowledged. Appreciation is also extended for their time and effort, which greatly contributed to the improvement of this study. Gratitude is extended to Prof. Tolga Omay for his introduction to NonStat, and to Prof. Muhammed Deveci, Assoc. Prof. Serkan Göksu, and Assoc. Prof. Ahmet Aytekin for their invaluable support, guidance, and assistance during the methodological application. Sincere appreciation is also conveyed to the reviewers for their interest and efforts, which significantly contributed to enhancing the quality of this scientific publication.

Kişi Başına Görünür Çelik Tüketimi: Varlıklara Katkı mı yoksa Kaynaklara Külfet mi?

Abstract

Kişi başına görünür çelik tüketimi sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik göstergeleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, önde gelen çelik tüketen ve üreten ülkelerden biri olan Güney Kore'de kişi başına görünür çelik tüketiminin vatandaş ve devlet açısından ekonomik yapılarla ilişkisini ekonometrik bir karar modeli aracılığıyla incelemektedir. Araştırma tasarımı Dünya Bankası'nın Kalkınma Göstergeleri serisinden yazarlar tarafından hem bireysel hem de ulusal düzeyde sınıflandırılan 1496 gösterge üzerine kurulmuştur. Çalışmada zaman serilerine herhangi bir dış müdahale yapılmaksızın serilerin içsel algoritmik yapıları kullanılarak değişkenlerin belirlenmesi için CRITIC yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Analizler NARDL ve Hatemi-J asimetrik nedensellik yöntemleriyle gerçekleştirilmiş ve bütünleşik performans değerlendirmesi için ise ALWAS yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, elli yılı aşkın süredir literatürde yer alan metal kullanım yoğunluğu hipotezinin revize edilmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca sonuçlar kişi başına görünür çelik tüketiminin vatandaşlar kadar sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-teknik ve politik metalurji boyutları itibariyle devletler açısından da kritik öneme sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma politika önerileri ve gelecek çalışmalar vizyonuyla sonlandırılmıştır.

Keywords

• Kişi başı görünür çelik tüketimi
• Güney Kore
• Sanayi politikası
• Parasal sosyal ekonomi

Ethical Statement

Bu makale insan veya hayvan katılımcılar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş herhangi bir çalışma ihtiva etmemektedir. Yazarlar bu araştırmanın yürütülmesi, kaleme alınması ve/veya yayımlanması hususlarında herhangi bir malî destek almamıştır. Yazarlar araştırma, yazarlık ve/veya yayın sürecine ilişkin herhangi bir muhtemel çıkar çatışması bulunmadığını beyan etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan verilere ilişkin kaynaklar makalenin kaynakça kısmında arz edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan bütün veri setleri kamuya açık kaynaklardan yazarlar tarafından derlenmiştir. Bu araştırma, bilimsel yayın ilkeleri ve etik kaideler çerçevesinde, bütün yazarların eşit katkılarıyla hazırlanmış ve takdim edilmiştir. Çalışmanın nihai hâli bütün yazarlar tarafından tetkik edilmiş ve tasvip edilmiştir.

Thanks

Anonim hakemlerin ve editörün kıymetli değerlendirmeleri ile yapıcı önerileri şükranla karşılanmıştır. Çalışmanın tekâmülüne katkılar sağlayan zaman ve emekleri için ayrıca teşekkürlerimizi arz ederiz. NonStat ile tanışmamıza vesile olan Prof. Dr. Tolga Omay’a, metodolojik uygulama sürecindeki kıymetli destek, rehberlik ve yardımları münasebetiyle Prof. Dr. Muhammed Deveci, Doç. Dr. Serkan Göksu ve Doç. Dr. Ahmet Aytekin’e teşekkürü bir borç biliriz. Keza, bu yayının niteliğinin geliştirilmesine esas katkılar sunan hakemlere göstermiş oldukları alâka ve sarf ettikleri emek dolayısıyla samimi teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

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