European Food Science and Engineering

The European Food Science and Engineering (EFSE) is an international open-access journal that publishes the high quality original research and review articles related to food science and engineering areas such as food processing, measurement, control, packaging, preservation, storage, distribution and also the design and production of novel foods and the design and operation of new and novel techniques, equipment and plant. The journal aim is to provide a forum for communication of cutting-edge advancements in food engineering R&D and to provide scientific information and important results obtained to the wide masses and readers and also to promote the exchange of ideas, experiences and information between practicing educators and food engineering researchers all over the world. 

Submission of an article will be held to imply that it presents original research that has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. Editors are not responsible for any plagiarism. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder permission to reproduce any figures for which copyright exists. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. All the authors need to agree the antiplagiarism rules and signed agreement in Cover page. All the manuscripts will be check for plagiarism with ithendicate or Turnitin programs. Cover page mandatory will be containing 3-5 reviewers (name, affiliation and e-mail address) recommended to review manuscript intend to publish in EFSE. Papers featuring animal trials and cell cultures are outside the scope of the journal and will not be considered for publication.

The European Food Science and Engineering is doubled-blind peer-reviewed journal published two times a year (march and september) accepting only English manuscript. EFSE supports open access to manuscript it publishes and does not have Article Processing Charge (APC) or any submission charges. The journal provides DOI number each manuscript accepted.

Manuscript categories and requirements
Original Papers –reports of new research findings or conceptual analyses that make a significant contribution to knowledge. Research papers must be no long longer than 6000 words, including abstract and references, but without tables, figures and the corresponding legends
Reviews – critical reviews of the literature, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Research Note - presents novel process engineering oriented research developments or preliminary results of studies that may be of interest to readers. Research notes should be no longer than 2,500 words including abstract and references but without tables, figures and the corresponding legends, and should be in the same style and format as regular research articles.
Editorial articles–are usually commissioned but unsolicited material may be considered. Please approach the Editor-in-Chief before submitting this material.

Manuscript submission
All submissions should include following documents:
1. Manuscript should be submitted to journal’s online submission system by the corresponding author;
2. Papers should be written with fluent English without any grammatical and typographical errors. Manuscripts with any of those errors will be rejected and sent back to the authors for corrections before submission and review;
3. Manuscript-text must be saved as a MS Word format version 2003 or above;
4. Manuscripts should be typed double spaced throughout using Microsoft Word Software on A4 papers (210 mm x 297 mm) with Times New Roman font 12 pt. and 2,5 cm margins on all sides;
5. Continuous line numbering must be added;
6. Title page with author names, titles, addresses and contact information (in Word format);
7. Abstracts must not be longer than 200 words;
8. There must be no more than 5 key words placed underneath the abstracts;
9. Highlights must be included (a summary of your main achievements in 3-5 bullet points no more than 85 characters each);
10. Figures and tables must be submitted as separate files and are clearly labeled;
11. Article divide into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, …..), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering);
12. If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.;
13. The international system of units (SI units) must be used only;
14. If analytical data are reported in tables and/or figures: Number of replications should be mentioned in the legend or a footnote and standard error or other evidence of reliability of data must be given;
15. Math formulae should be submitting as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text);
16. Your Cover letter should explain the novelty of the research presented, that your paper presents original research, that it has not been published previously and that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere;
17. Document showing the result of iThenticate or Turnitin (max. 20% match accepted);
18. Transfer of Copyright Form. This form should be filled and signed by all authors and sent electronically as a scanned copy. Authors of the accepted papers should send the original version of this form.

Main Text File
Authors are encouraged to prepare the manuscript text using their own words, and discouraged to reproduce text from previously published literature, even if it was an earlier published work of the author. The text file should be presented in the following order:
1. A short informative title that contains the major key words. The title should not contain abbreviations.
2. A short running title of less than 40 characters;
3. The full names of the authors;
4. The author's institutional affiliations where the work was conducted, with a footnote for the author’s present address if different from where the work was conducted;
5. Abstract and keywords;
6. Main text include introduction, material and methods, results, discussion (may be combined result and discussions sections), conclusions, acknowledgements and references;
7. Tables (each table complete with title and footnotes);
8. Figure legends;
9. Appendices (if relevant);
10. Figures and supporting information should be supplied as separate files.

Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements should be brief at the end of the text and may include source of financial support. The contract number should be provided. 

References
Text citations should follow the author-date method whereby the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, for example (Gul, 2018; Gul and Tornuk, 2015). Use et al after the first author’s family name for citations with three or more authors (Gul et al., 2019). For citations of the same authors published on the same year, letters after the year should be used (Gul, 2015a). The complete reference list should appear alphabetically by name at the end of the paper.
A sample of the most common entries in reference lists appears below. For more information about APA referencing style, please refer to the APA FAQ. Note that for journal articles, issue numbers are not included unless each issue in the volume begins with page one, and a DOI should be provided for all references where available.
Journal article
Gul, O., Saricaoglu, F. T., Besir, A., Atalar, I., & Yazici, F. (2018). Effect of ultrasound treatment on the properties of nano-emulsion films obtained from hazelnut meal protein and clove essential oil. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 41, 466-474.
Book
Bradley-Johnson, S. (1994). Psychoeducational assessment of students who are visually impaired or blind: Infancy through high school (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-ed.
Internet Document
Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs
Conference paper
Gul, O., Atalar, I., Mortas, M., Dervisoglu, M. & Yazici, F. (2016). Effects of concentration and high pressure homogenization on hazelnut milk from cold press hazelnut oil cake. 4th International ISEKI Food Conference, Vienna, Austria. 

Tables
Tables should be self-contained and complement, not duplicate, information contained in the text. They should be supplied as editable files, not pasted as images. Legends should be concise but comprehensive – the table, legend, and footnotes must be understandable without reference to the text. All abbreviations must be defined in footnotes. Footnote symbols: †, ‡, §, ¶, should be used (in that order) and *, **, *** should be reserved for P-values. Statistical measures such as SD or SEM should be identified in the headings.

Figures
Although authors are encouraged to send the highest-quality figures possible, for peer-review purposes, a wide variety of formats, sizes, and resolutions are accepted. Figures should have high resolution, minimum 600 dpi in TIFF or JPEG format. For publication purposes use grayscale images.

Figure Legends
Legends should be concise but comprehensive – the figure and its legend must be understandable without reference to the text. Include definitions of any symbols used and define/explain all abbreviations and units of measurement.

Color Figures
Figures submitted in color may be reproduced in color online free of charge. Please note, however, that it is preferable that line figures (e.g. graphs and charts) are supplied in black and white so that they are legible if printed by a reader in black and white. 

Formulas and Equations
Number each formula with the reference number placed in parentheses at the end. Use Word mathematical processor for formulas with 12 pt., variances in Italics, numbers and mathematical definitions in plain text. If needed, refer as “Equation 1” in the text (….the model, as given in Equation 1).

Ethical principles
European Food Science and Engineering (EFSE) is a member of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), which adopts ethical standards of conduct at every stage of the publication process and undertakes to fulfill them, strives to achieve the most advanced publication ethics standards, and publishes only in electronic form. It meets the definition of access) is a free, international, single-blind peer-reviewed journal.
EFSE, Higher Education Institutions' ethical duties and responsibilities based on the "Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive", "COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) undertakes comply with this and requires authors and referees to act within this framework.
Adhering to the principles and general publication conditions in these guidelines, editors, referees and authors must take the following responsibilities according to professional and honest standards. The proper and ethical functioning of the publication process depends on fulfilling these responsibilities.

Ethical responsibilities of editors
• Editors are responsible for considering publishing principles, journal objectives and international standards of the journal.
• Editors should strive to constantly improve the journal and meet the needs of readers and authors
• Editors must choose reviewers according to their subject and profession.
• Editors should ensure no conflict of interest between reviewers and authors.
• Editors must obey blind review and keep the identities of reviewers/authors confidential.
• Editors ensure that the members of the editorial board and reviewers evaluate the manuscripts in an unbiased and independent manner.
• Editors are responsible for protecting the personal information of the author, reviewers, and readers.
• Editors take the feedback from users (reviewers, authors, editorial board, readers, etc.) about the published works and take the necessary actions.
• Editors are responsible for providing an open and enlightening answer to complaints from the reviewers, authors and readers.
• Editors should always be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions and apologies when needed.

Ethical responsibilities of authors
• Author(s) must submit original studies to the journal. That means work and results have not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere.
• Authors cannot submit their studies to multiple journals simultaneously. Each submission can be only made after the previous one is completed.
• Authors are required to state and explain the situation in case of a conflict of interest in the articles.
• The authors ensure that the citations and quotations in their manuscripts are accurate and complete.
• Authors should check the manuscript with plagiarism programs and submit a similarity report.
• During the review process of manuscripts, the author(s) may be asked to supply raw data. In such a case, the author(s) should be ready to submit such data and information.
• Ethical reports must be submitted by the author when necessary.
• Accepted manuscripts are not allowed to be withdrawn.

Ethical responsibilities of reviewers
• Reviewers are requested to review the manuscripts in detailed, unbiased and confidential manner.
• Reviewers must evaluate the manuscript objectively and only in terms of its content and ensure that the review is not influenced by nationality, gender, religious and political beliefs, and economic apprehension.
• Reviewers do not contact the authors directly. The review forms and comments for the manuscript are sent to the author (s) by the Editor.
• Reviewers should use a constructive and gentle tone in review and avoid making personal comments, including hostility, slander, and insult.
• In case of any conflict of interests, the reviewer must inform the Editor and decline to review the manuscript.
• The works sent for review can not be used by reviewers for any purpose until the evaluation process is over.
• Reviewers must evaluate the manuscript on time and by the above ethical rules.

Open access policy
EFSE is an open-access journal. Anyone who wishes can publish at EFSE and benefit from what is published, provided that they comply with the rules of scientific publication ethics. EFSE offers its published articles free of charge with open access.
EFSE expects all parties to adhere to these criteria.

Peer review policy and paper acceptance conditions
All articles submitted to the European Food Science and Engineering journal go through a single-blind peer review process. To ensure an unbiased evaluation process, each article is evaluated by at least two external independent referees who are experts in their fields.
All articles submitted to the journal will be pre-screened by the Editor to determine suitability (regarding technical and general quality assessment).
Articles deemed appropriate will be peer-reviewed by at least two referees who are experts in their field. In case of delay on the part of the spectator, the referee may be replaced by another referee. In case of excessive delay, the article will be reviewed by the members of the Editorial Board.
After the initial evaluation, the Editor has the right to reject articles prepared on a subject outside the journal’s scope, technically incomplete/insufficient articles, articles containing partial and marginally increasing results, or articles not written using fluent and understandable language. If, as a result of the initial evaluation, it is decided that the article is suitable for further evaluation, the article is taken into scientific review in a single-blind review process consisting of at least two independent referees who are experts in the field.
In line with the request of the referees, the authors are notified of the revision of the article, and the version revised by the authors in line with the referees' opinions is re-examined and evaluated after the corrections.
After the evaluation, the Editor makes his final decision on the article. If necessary, the Editor may request additional revisions from the authors to ensure that all the conditions requested by the referees are met.
The final version of accepted articles is sent to the Layout Editor for pre-publication drafting. Authors and proofreaders are asked to review the typeset manuscript for final control before publication.
All articles receive a DOI number in their final form and are published online as PDF files.

Publication policy
Articles uploaded to the European Journal of Food Science and Engineering are published after going through impartial processes by the publication policy. One of the most important principles of our journal is that stakeholders involved in impartial processes comply with the publication policy.
The works to be published must have yet to be published anywhere or sent to any journal for publication. However, only articles presented at domestic or international congresses and whose abstracts have been published can be accepted for publication.
EFSE is published using the DergiPark system (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/efse). Processes regarding articles are carried out through the DergiPark system.
Article applications must be made by the corresponding author through the DergiPark system. In the article application, the full-text article, the copyright transfer agreement signed and scanned by the responsible author, and the form stating that ethics committee permission is not required or, where necessary, ethics committee permission depending on the nature and scope of the article, must be uploaded to the DergiPark system.
In studies submitted to the European Food Science and Engineering journal and supported by a research institution or fund, the name of the organization providing the support and the project number must be stated. Additionally, if there are people or institutions to be thanked for their contribution to the study, such situations should also be stated.
All rights of the published articles belong to the European Food Science and Engineering journal, and the scientific responsibility of the article belongs to the author(s).
Authors are not paid royalties.
Some or all of the articles published in our journal can only be used by citing our journal.

Ethical approval
Ethics committee approval must be obtained for clinical and experimental studies regarding humans and animals that require an ethical committee decision; this approval must be stated in the article and documented in the submission. The statement that research and publication ethics are complied with in such articles should be included. Information about the approval, such as committee name, date, and number, should be included in the method section and on the first/last page of the article. Editors are responsible for rejecting experimental studies that do not have ethical and related committee approval about the population given in such studies.

Protection of intellectual property rights
Editors are supposed to protect the intellectual property rights of all published articles and to defend the rights of the journal and the author(s) in case of possible violations. Additionally, editors are supposed to take the necessary precautions to ensure that the contents of all published articles do not violate the intellectual property rights of other publications. Editors are supposed to reject the study if there is no documentation of the subject's consent.

Complaints
Editors are obliged to carefully examine complaints from authors, referees, or readers and respond in an enlightening and explanatory manner.

Political and commercial concerns
The journal owner, publisher, or any other political or commercial factor does not influence the editors' independent decision-making.

Conflicts of interest
Editors ensure that the publication process of studies is completed independently and impartially, taking into account conflicts of interest between author(s), referees, and other editors.

Ensuring academic integrity
Editors must make sure that the mistakes, inconsistencies, or misdirections in studies are corrected quickly.

Plagiarism detection for prevention
Plagiarism is presenting others' ideas, methods, data, practices, writings, figures, or works as one's own without proper citation following scientific rules.

The presence of plagiarism in the submitted works is checked using Turnitin or iThenticate software. The total similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%, and if it comes from a single source, less than 5%. The primary measure of similarity rate is the author's adherence to citation and quotation rules. Even if the similarity rate is 1%, if proper citations and quotations have not been made, plagiarism may still be present. Therefore, authors should be aware of citation and quotation rules and apply them carefully.

Plagiarism, duplication, ghost authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing for publication, copyright infringement, and hiding conflicts of interest are considered unethical behaviors. All articles that do not comply with ethical standards are removed from publication. This includes articles for which inappropriate content is detected after publication.

Reporting a situation that does not comply with ethical principles
In case of any behavior that does not comply with the ethical principles regarding the Editors, referees, and authors of European Food Science and Engineering, or if an unethical situation is encountered regarding an article in the evaluation process, early version, or published, it should be reported via message to efsejournal@gmail.com.