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The Development of a General Disaster Preparedness Belief Scale Using the Health Belief Model as a Theoretical Framework

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 146 - 158, 01.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.366825

Abstract

The Health Belief Model
(HBM) is one of the oldest and most recognized conceptual framework of health
behavior and can be applied to disaster preparedness efforts which focus
predominantly on human behavior. The study aims to develop and test the
psychometric properties of the General Disaster Preparedness Belief (GDPB)
scale based on the HBM. A study group of 286 academic and administrative staff working
in a Turkish University located in the city of Yalova completed a GDPB scale
instrument containing 60 items. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) was used for
the construct validity of scale. Item analysis was assessed using item–total
correlations and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. The EFA extracted six factors
that jointly accounted for 59.2% of variance observed namely; Self efficacy (8
items), Cues to action (5 items), perceived susceptibility (6 items), perceived
barriers (6 items), perceived benefits (3 items) and perceived severity (3
items). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscales ranged from 0.90 to
0.74. The GDPB scale based on the HBM was found to be a valid and reliable
tool. Findings from this study can be used to guide
intervention aimed at informing and educating people about disaster
preparedness. 

References

  • Akgül, A. (1997). Tıbbi araştırmalarda istatistiksel analiz teknikleri “SPSS uygulamaları. (2. Baskı). Ankara. Emek Ofset.
  • Akompab, D.K., Bi, P., Williams, S., Grant, J., Walker, I.A., & Augoustinos, M. (2013). Heat waves and climate change: Applying the Health Belief Model to identify predictors of risk perception and adaptive behaviors in Adelaide, Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10 (6), 2164-2184.
  • Armaş, I., & Avram, E. (2008). Patterns and trends in the perception of seismic risk. Case study: Bucharest Municipality/Romania. Natural Hazards, 44(1), 147-61.
  • Becker, J., Paton, D., Johnston, D., et al. (2013). Salient beliefs about earthquake hazards and household preparedness. Risk Anal, 33, 1710-27.
  • Buyukozturk, Sener. Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı istatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum, Pegem Yayınları, Pegem Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2002.
  • Cattell, R.B. (1978). The scientific use of factor analysis. New York. Plenum.
  • Child, D. (2006). The essentials of factor analysis. Continuum, London.
  • Davis, L.L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5 (4). 194-197.
  • Donahue, A., & Joyce, P. (2001). A framework for analyzing emergency management with an application to federal budgeting. Public Administration Review, 61(6), 728-740.
  • Ejeta, L.T, Ardalan, A., & Paton, D. (2015). Application of behavioral theories to disaster and emergency health preparedness. A systematic review. PLOS Currents Disasters, 7, 2015.
  • Ersoy, S., & Kocak, A. (2015). Disasters and earthquake preparedness of children and schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risks, 7(4). 1307-1336.
  • Fabrigar, L.R., Wegener, D.T., MacCallum, R.C., & Strahan, E.J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4 (3). 272-299.
  • Fabrigar, L., Petty, R., Smith, S., et al. (2006). Understanding knowledge effects on attitude-behavior consistency: the role of relevance, complexity, and amount of knowledge. J Pers Soc Psychol, 90 556-77.
  • Farley, J. E., Barlow, H. D., Finklestein, M. S., and Riley, L. (1993). Earthquake hysteria, before and after: a survey and follow-up on public response to the browning forecast. Int.J. Mass Emergencies Disasters. 11, 305-322.
  • Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., Viswanath, K., (eds). (2008). Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., Lewis, F.M. (2002). Health behavior and health education theory, research and practice. San Fransisco: Wiley & Sons.
  • Gokce, O., Ozden, S., & Demir, A. (2008). The statistical and spatial distribution of disasters in Turkey Disaster information inventory Ankara. Turkish Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Disaster Research and Assessment Department (pp. 118).
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Gregory, R.C, Philip, D.A, Erik, A.D.H., Robert, G.D., et al. (2006). Disaster medicine. U.S.A. Mosby Elsevier, pp.29.
  • Guha-Sapir, D., Hoyois, Ph., & Below, R. (2013). Annual disaster statistical review 2012: The numbers and trends. Brussels: CRED.
  • Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Guvenc, G., Aygul, A., & Acıkel, C.H. (2011). Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and Pap smear test: psychometric testing. Journal of advanced nursing, 67(2), 428-437.
  • Haraoka, T., Ojima, T., Murata, C., Hayasaka, S. (2012). Factors influencing collaborative activities between non-professional disaster volunteers and victims of earthquake disasters. Plos One. 7(10):e47203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047203.
  • International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC) & Red Crescent Societies (RCS). (2013). World Disaster Report, Focus on technology and the future humanitarian action. Geneva.
  • Kline, P. (1979). Psychometrics and psychology. London: Acaderric Press.
  • Kline, R.B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
  • McClure, J., Walkey, F., & Allen, M. (1999). When earthquake damage is seen as preventable: Attributions, locus of control and attitudes to risk, applied psychology. Int. Rev. 48(2): 239-56.
  • McHorney, C.A., & Tarlov, A.R. (1995). Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate? Quality of Life Research, 4 (4): 293-307.
  • Mileti, D., Fitzpatrick, C. (1992). The causal sequence of risk communication in the park field earthquake prediction experiment, Risk Anal. 12: 393-400.
  • Mileti, D.S., & Darlington, J. (1995). Societal response to revised earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay area. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 13(2), 119-45.
  • Mulilis, J. P., Duval, T. S., Lippa, R. (1990). The effects of a large destructive local earthquake on earthquake preparedness as sssessed by the earthquake preparedness scale. Nat. Hazards. 3, 357-371.
  • Mulilis, J.P., & Duval, T.S. (1995). Negative threat appeals and earthquake preparedness: A person relative to event (PrE) model of coping with threat. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(15), 1319-39.
  • Najafi, M., Ardalan, A., Akbarisari, A., Noorbala, A.A., & Jabbari, H. (2015). Demographic determinants of disaster preparedness behaviors amongst Tehran inhabitants, Iran. PLOS Currents Disasters, 7.
  • O'Connell, J.K., Price, J.H., Roberts, S.M., Jurs, S.G., & McKinley, R. (1985). Utilizing the Health Belief Model to predict dieting and exercising behavior of obese and nonobese adolescents. Health education quarterly, 12 (4), 343-351.
  • Ogedegbe, C., Nyirenda, T., Delmoro, G., Yamin. E., Feldman, J. (2012). Health care workers and disaster preparedness: Barriers to and facilitators of willingness to respond. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. s:29. Retrieved from (10.07.2016) http://www.intjem.com/content/5/1/29.
  • Olsson, U. (1979). Maximum likelihood estimation of the polychoric correlation coefficient. Psychometrika, 44(4), 443-460.
  • Orji, R., Vassileva, J., & Mandryk, R. (2012). Towards an effective health interventions design: an extension of the health belief model. Online journal of public health informatics, 4(3), ojphi.v4i3.4321.
  • Painter, J.E., Borba, C.P., Hynes, M., Mays, D., & Glanz, K. (2008). The use of theory in health behavior research from 2000 to 2005: a systematic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35 (3), 358-362.
  • Paton, D. (2006). Disaster resilience: Integrating individual, community, institutional and environmental perspectives. Disaster resilience: An integrated approach, pp. 306-19.
  • Rosenstock, I.M. (1966). Why people use health services. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 44, 94-127.
  • Rosenstock, I.M, Strecher, V.J., & Becker, M.H. (1988). Social Learning Theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Education Quarterly, 15 (2), 175-183.
  • Semenza, J., Ploubidis, G., George, L. (2011). Climate change and climate variability: Personal motivation for adaptation and mitigation. Environmental Health. 10:46. Retrieved from (14.07.2016) http://www.ehjournal.net/content/10/1/46.
  • Sharma, M., Romas, J.A. (2008). Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
  • Showalter, P. S. (1993). Prognostication of doom: an earthquake prediction’s effect on Foursmall Communities. Int. J. Mass Emergencies Disasters. 11, 279-292.
  • Spittal, J W., Walkey, H F., McClure, J., Sıegert, J R., Ballantyne, E K. (2006). The earthquake readiness scale: The development of a valid and reliable unifactorial measure. Natural Hazards. 39, 15-29. DOI 10.1007/s11069-005-2369-9.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Teitler-Regev, S., Shahrabani, S., & Benzion, U. (2011). Factors affecting intention among students to be vaccinated against A/H1N1 Influenza: A health belief model approach. Advances in Preventive Medicine, 2011, 1-8.
  • Thomas, T. N., Leander-Griffith, M., Harp, V., & Cioffi, J. P. (2015). Influences of preparedness knowledge and beliefs on household disaster preparedness. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 64(35), 965-971.
Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 146 - 158, 01.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.366825

Abstract

References

  • Akgül, A. (1997). Tıbbi araştırmalarda istatistiksel analiz teknikleri “SPSS uygulamaları. (2. Baskı). Ankara. Emek Ofset.
  • Akompab, D.K., Bi, P., Williams, S., Grant, J., Walker, I.A., & Augoustinos, M. (2013). Heat waves and climate change: Applying the Health Belief Model to identify predictors of risk perception and adaptive behaviors in Adelaide, Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10 (6), 2164-2184.
  • Armaş, I., & Avram, E. (2008). Patterns and trends in the perception of seismic risk. Case study: Bucharest Municipality/Romania. Natural Hazards, 44(1), 147-61.
  • Becker, J., Paton, D., Johnston, D., et al. (2013). Salient beliefs about earthquake hazards and household preparedness. Risk Anal, 33, 1710-27.
  • Buyukozturk, Sener. Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı istatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum, Pegem Yayınları, Pegem Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2002.
  • Cattell, R.B. (1978). The scientific use of factor analysis. New York. Plenum.
  • Child, D. (2006). The essentials of factor analysis. Continuum, London.
  • Davis, L.L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5 (4). 194-197.
  • Donahue, A., & Joyce, P. (2001). A framework for analyzing emergency management with an application to federal budgeting. Public Administration Review, 61(6), 728-740.
  • Ejeta, L.T, Ardalan, A., & Paton, D. (2015). Application of behavioral theories to disaster and emergency health preparedness. A systematic review. PLOS Currents Disasters, 7, 2015.
  • Ersoy, S., & Kocak, A. (2015). Disasters and earthquake preparedness of children and schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risks, 7(4). 1307-1336.
  • Fabrigar, L.R., Wegener, D.T., MacCallum, R.C., & Strahan, E.J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4 (3). 272-299.
  • Fabrigar, L., Petty, R., Smith, S., et al. (2006). Understanding knowledge effects on attitude-behavior consistency: the role of relevance, complexity, and amount of knowledge. J Pers Soc Psychol, 90 556-77.
  • Farley, J. E., Barlow, H. D., Finklestein, M. S., and Riley, L. (1993). Earthquake hysteria, before and after: a survey and follow-up on public response to the browning forecast. Int.J. Mass Emergencies Disasters. 11, 305-322.
  • Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., Viswanath, K., (eds). (2008). Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., Lewis, F.M. (2002). Health behavior and health education theory, research and practice. San Fransisco: Wiley & Sons.
  • Gokce, O., Ozden, S., & Demir, A. (2008). The statistical and spatial distribution of disasters in Turkey Disaster information inventory Ankara. Turkish Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Disaster Research and Assessment Department (pp. 118).
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Gregory, R.C, Philip, D.A, Erik, A.D.H., Robert, G.D., et al. (2006). Disaster medicine. U.S.A. Mosby Elsevier, pp.29.
  • Guha-Sapir, D., Hoyois, Ph., & Below, R. (2013). Annual disaster statistical review 2012: The numbers and trends. Brussels: CRED.
  • Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Guvenc, G., Aygul, A., & Acıkel, C.H. (2011). Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and Pap smear test: psychometric testing. Journal of advanced nursing, 67(2), 428-437.
  • Haraoka, T., Ojima, T., Murata, C., Hayasaka, S. (2012). Factors influencing collaborative activities between non-professional disaster volunteers and victims of earthquake disasters. Plos One. 7(10):e47203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047203.
  • International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC) & Red Crescent Societies (RCS). (2013). World Disaster Report, Focus on technology and the future humanitarian action. Geneva.
  • Kline, P. (1979). Psychometrics and psychology. London: Acaderric Press.
  • Kline, R.B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
  • McClure, J., Walkey, F., & Allen, M. (1999). When earthquake damage is seen as preventable: Attributions, locus of control and attitudes to risk, applied psychology. Int. Rev. 48(2): 239-56.
  • McHorney, C.A., & Tarlov, A.R. (1995). Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate? Quality of Life Research, 4 (4): 293-307.
  • Mileti, D., Fitzpatrick, C. (1992). The causal sequence of risk communication in the park field earthquake prediction experiment, Risk Anal. 12: 393-400.
  • Mileti, D.S., & Darlington, J. (1995). Societal response to revised earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay area. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 13(2), 119-45.
  • Mulilis, J. P., Duval, T. S., Lippa, R. (1990). The effects of a large destructive local earthquake on earthquake preparedness as sssessed by the earthquake preparedness scale. Nat. Hazards. 3, 357-371.
  • Mulilis, J.P., & Duval, T.S. (1995). Negative threat appeals and earthquake preparedness: A person relative to event (PrE) model of coping with threat. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(15), 1319-39.
  • Najafi, M., Ardalan, A., Akbarisari, A., Noorbala, A.A., & Jabbari, H. (2015). Demographic determinants of disaster preparedness behaviors amongst Tehran inhabitants, Iran. PLOS Currents Disasters, 7.
  • O'Connell, J.K., Price, J.H., Roberts, S.M., Jurs, S.G., & McKinley, R. (1985). Utilizing the Health Belief Model to predict dieting and exercising behavior of obese and nonobese adolescents. Health education quarterly, 12 (4), 343-351.
  • Ogedegbe, C., Nyirenda, T., Delmoro, G., Yamin. E., Feldman, J. (2012). Health care workers and disaster preparedness: Barriers to and facilitators of willingness to respond. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. s:29. Retrieved from (10.07.2016) http://www.intjem.com/content/5/1/29.
  • Olsson, U. (1979). Maximum likelihood estimation of the polychoric correlation coefficient. Psychometrika, 44(4), 443-460.
  • Orji, R., Vassileva, J., & Mandryk, R. (2012). Towards an effective health interventions design: an extension of the health belief model. Online journal of public health informatics, 4(3), ojphi.v4i3.4321.
  • Painter, J.E., Borba, C.P., Hynes, M., Mays, D., & Glanz, K. (2008). The use of theory in health behavior research from 2000 to 2005: a systematic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35 (3), 358-362.
  • Paton, D. (2006). Disaster resilience: Integrating individual, community, institutional and environmental perspectives. Disaster resilience: An integrated approach, pp. 306-19.
  • Rosenstock, I.M. (1966). Why people use health services. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 44, 94-127.
  • Rosenstock, I.M, Strecher, V.J., & Becker, M.H. (1988). Social Learning Theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Education Quarterly, 15 (2), 175-183.
  • Semenza, J., Ploubidis, G., George, L. (2011). Climate change and climate variability: Personal motivation for adaptation and mitigation. Environmental Health. 10:46. Retrieved from (14.07.2016) http://www.ehjournal.net/content/10/1/46.
  • Sharma, M., Romas, J.A. (2008). Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
  • Showalter, P. S. (1993). Prognostication of doom: an earthquake prediction’s effect on Foursmall Communities. Int. J. Mass Emergencies Disasters. 11, 279-292.
  • Spittal, J W., Walkey, H F., McClure, J., Sıegert, J R., Ballantyne, E K. (2006). The earthquake readiness scale: The development of a valid and reliable unifactorial measure. Natural Hazards. 39, 15-29. DOI 10.1007/s11069-005-2369-9.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Teitler-Regev, S., Shahrabani, S., & Benzion, U. (2011). Factors affecting intention among students to be vaccinated against A/H1N1 Influenza: A health belief model approach. Advances in Preventive Medicine, 2011, 1-8.
  • Thomas, T. N., Leander-Griffith, M., Harp, V., & Cioffi, J. P. (2015). Influences of preparedness knowledge and beliefs on household disaster preparedness. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 64(35), 965-971.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ebru Inal

Kerim Hakan Altintas

Nuri Dogan

Publication Date January 1, 2018
Submission Date September 22, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Inal, E., Altintas, K. H., & Dogan, N. (2018). The Development of a General Disaster Preparedness Belief Scale Using the Health Belief Model as a Theoretical Framework. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 5(1), 146-158. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.366825

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