Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel

Adem Demir

doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041

TR EN

Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel

Abstract

Tarımsal gıda işleme süreçleri sonucunda ortaya çıkan yan ürünler, içerdiği biyoaktif ve besinsel bileşenler nedeniyle giderek daha fazla ilgi görmektedir. Antep fıstığı kabuğu, fıstık işleme sürecinde açığa çıkan başlıca tarımsal atıklardan biri olup çoğunlukla değerlendirilemeden bertaraf edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, fıstık kabuğu atıkları fenolik bileşim, yağ asidi metil ester (YAME) profili ve mineral içerik açısından kapsamlı olarak incelenmiştir. Fenolik bileşiklerin analizi yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) ile, yağ asidi metil ester profili gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) ile ve mineral içerik indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-optik emisyon spektrometrisi (ICP-OES) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. HPLC analizleri sonucunda, fıstık kabuğu etanol ekstraktında 350,45 µg/g ekstrakt düzeyinde gallik asit ve 290,86 µg/g ekstrakt düzeyinde kuersetin baskın fenolik bileşikler olarak belirlenmiştir. GC-MS analizine göre YAME içeriği doymamış yağ asitleri bakımından zengin olup, başlıca bileşenlerin % 62,66 oleik asit ve % 17,71 linoleik asit olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mineral analizinde fıstık kabuğunun sodyum (6266,67 µg/g), kalsiyum (4195,10 µg/g) ve potasyum (1142,67 µg/g) bakımından zengin olduğu saptanmış; toksik ağır metallerin ise tespit edilebilir seviyelerin altında olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, fıstık kabuğu atıklarının biyokimyasal açıdan değerli bir içeriğe sahip olduğunu ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sağlayabilecek yaklaşımlar kapsamında gıda ve sağlık alanlarında değerlendirilebilecek potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Antep fıstığı kabuğu, kromatografi, ICP-OES, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik.

Evaluation of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Shells: Chemical Composition and Bioactive Potential

Abstract

By-products resulting from agricultural food processing processes are attracting increasing attention due to their bioactive and nutritional components. Pistachio shells are one of the main agricultural wastes generated during pistachio processing and are often disposed of without being utilized. In this study, pistachio shell wastes were comprehensively investigated in terms of phenolic composition, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile, and mineral content. Phenolic compounds were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fatty acid methyl ester profiles were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and mineral content was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). As a result of HPLC analyses, gallic acid at a level of 350.45 µg/g extract and quercetin at a level of 290.86 µg/g extract were determined as the dominant phenolic compounds in the pistachio shell ethanol extract. According to GC-MS analysis, the YAME content is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, with the main components being 62.66% oleic acid and 17.71% linoleic acid. Mineral analysis revealed that peanut shells are rich in sodium (6266.67 µg/g), calcium (4195.10 µg/g), and potassium (1142.67 µg/g); toxic heavy metals were found to be below detectable levels. These findings indicate that peanut shell waste has a biochemically valuable content and has the potential to be evaluated in the food and health sectors within the framework of approaches that can contribute to environmental sustainability.

Keywords

Pistachio shell, chromatography, ICP-OES, environmental sustainability

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Environmental Management (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Adem Demir ^*
0000-0002-7805-0302
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 17, 2026

Submission Date

February 10, 2026

Acceptance Date

February 19, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 2026

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1886041

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73FP66AD

APA

Demir, A. (2026). Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 2026. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1886041

AMA

1.Demir A. Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. JAES. 2026;(2026). doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041

Chicago

Demir, Adem. 2026. “Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia Vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim Ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, nos. 2026. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1886041.

EndNote

Demir A (March 1, 2026) Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 2026

IEEE

[1]A. Demir, “Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel”, JAES, no. 2026, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.35229/jaes.1886041.

ISNAD

Demir, Adem. “Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia Vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim Ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026 (March 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1886041.

JAMA

1.Demir A. Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. JAES. 2026. doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041.

MLA

Demir, Adem. “Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia Vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim Ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, no. 2026, Mar. 2026, doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041.

Vancouver

1.Adem Demir. Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. JAES. 2026 Mar. 1;(2026). doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041

EBSCOHost Scilit CABI

JAES/AAS-Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences/Anatolian Academic Sciences&Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Dergisi/Anadolu Akademik Bilimler-AÇEH/AAS

Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel

Abstract

Keywords

Evaluation of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Shells: Chemical Composition and Bioactive Potential

Abstract

Keywords

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Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

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