Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel

Adem Demir

doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041

TR EN

Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel

Öz

Tarımsal gıda işleme süreçleri sonucunda ortaya çıkan yan ürünler, içerdiği biyoaktif ve besinsel bileşenler nedeniyle giderek daha fazla ilgi görmektedir. Antep fıstığı kabuğu, fıstık işleme sürecinde açığa çıkan başlıca tarımsal atıklardan biri olup çoğunlukla değerlendirilemeden bertaraf edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, fıstık kabuğu atıkları fenolik bileşim, yağ asidi metil ester (YAME) profili ve mineral içerik açısından kapsamlı olarak incelenmiştir. Fenolik bileşiklerin analizi yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) ile, yağ asidi metil ester profili gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) ile ve mineral içerik indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-optik emisyon spektrometrisi (ICP-OES) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. HPLC analizleri sonucunda, fıstık kabuğu etanol ekstraktında 350,45 µg/g ekstrakt düzeyinde gallik asit ve 290,86 µg/g ekstrakt düzeyinde kuersetin baskın fenolik bileşikler olarak belirlenmiştir. GC-MS analizine göre YAME içeriği doymamış yağ asitleri bakımından zengin olup, başlıca bileşenlerin % 62,66 oleik asit ve % 17,71 linoleik asit olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mineral analizinde fıstık kabuğunun sodyum (6266,67 µg/g), kalsiyum (4195,10 µg/g) ve potasyum (1142,67 µg/g) bakımından zengin olduğu saptanmış; toksik ağır metallerin ise tespit edilebilir seviyelerin altında olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, fıstık kabuğu atıklarının biyokimyasal açıdan değerli bir içeriğe sahip olduğunu ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sağlayabilecek yaklaşımlar kapsamında gıda ve sağlık alanlarında değerlendirilebilecek potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antep fıstığı kabuğu, kromatografi, ICP-OES, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik.

Evaluation of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Shells: Chemical Composition and Bioactive Potential

Öz

By-products resulting from agricultural food processing processes are attracting increasing attention due to their bioactive and nutritional components. Pistachio shells are one of the main agricultural wastes generated during pistachio processing and are often disposed of without being utilized. In this study, pistachio shell wastes were comprehensively investigated in terms of phenolic composition, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile, and mineral content. Phenolic compounds were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fatty acid methyl ester profiles were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and mineral content was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). As a result of HPLC analyses, gallic acid at a level of 350.45 µg/g extract and quercetin at a level of 290.86 µg/g extract were determined as the dominant phenolic compounds in the pistachio shell ethanol extract. According to GC-MS analysis, the YAME content is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, with the main components being 62.66% oleic acid and 17.71% linoleic acid. Mineral analysis revealed that peanut shells are rich in sodium (6266.67 µg/g), calcium (4195.10 µg/g), and potassium (1142.67 µg/g); toxic heavy metals were found to be below detectable levels. These findings indicate that peanut shell waste has a biochemically valuable content and has the potential to be evaluated in the food and health sectors within the framework of approaches that can contribute to environmental sustainability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pistachio shell, chromatography, ICP-OES, environmental sustainability

Kaynakça

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URL-1. (2026). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL?count ries=223,231,5000&elements=2510&items=223 &years=2024&output_type=table&file_type=csv &submit=true, 11.01.2026

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Çevre Yönetimi (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Adem Demir ^*
0000-0002-7805-0302
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

17 Mart 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

10 Şubat 2026

Kabul Tarihi

19 Şubat 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 2026

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1886041

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73FP66AD

APA

Demir, A. (2026). Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 2026. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1886041

AMA

1.Demir A. Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026;(2026). doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041

Chicago

Demir, Adem. 2026. “Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1886041.

EndNote

Demir A (01 Mart 2026) Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 2026

IEEE

[1]A. Demir, “Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel”, Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.35229/jaes.1886041.

ISNAD

Demir, Adem. “Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026 (01 Mart 2026). https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1886041.

JAMA

1.Demir A. Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026. doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041.

MLA

Demir, Adem. “Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026, Mart 2026, doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041.

Vancouver

1.Adem Demir. Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 01 Mart 2026;(2026). doi:10.35229/jaes.1886041

JAES, 2016- 11.yıl

Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kimyasal Bileşim ve Biyoaktif Potansiyel

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evaluation of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Shells: Chemical Composition and Bioactive Potential

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster