Research Article

Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Volume: 11 Number: 4 September 4, 2026

Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

The potential of humanoid robots to facilitate symbolic play has been explored in intervention research involving children with autism spectrum disorder. Accordingly, this study employed a multiple-baseline design across participants to examine the effects of a humanoid robot-assisted least-to-most prompting procedure on the symbolic play skills of three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The findings demonstrated improvements in the children's symbolic play performance following the intervention. Furthermore, the children maintained the acquired target skills at 100% accuracy over time and generalised them across people and settings. Additionally, the participants' mothers and teachers reported positive perceptions of the intervention.

Keywords

Autism spectrum disorder, Least-to-most prompting procedure, Humanoid robots, Robotic practice, Symbolic play

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Trakya University (Trakya University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee, 20.02.2019, 2019.02.10)

References

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APA
Tuna, A., & Ahmetoğlu, E. (2026). Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, 11(4), 286-300. https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1833028
AMA
1.Tuna A, Ahmetoğlu E. Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. JOLTIDA. 2026;11(4):286-300. doi:10.53850/joltida.1833028
Chicago
Tuna, Ayşe, and Emine Ahmetoğlu. 2026. “Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder”. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age 11 (4): 286-300. https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1833028.
EndNote
Tuna A, Ahmetoğlu E (September 1, 2026) Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age 11 4 286–300.
IEEE
[1]A. Tuna and E. Ahmetoğlu, “Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder”, JOLTIDA, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 286–300, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.53850/joltida.1833028.
ISNAD
Tuna, Ayşe - Ahmetoğlu, Emine. “Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder”. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age 11/4 (September 1, 2026): 286-300. https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1833028.
JAMA
1.Tuna A, Ahmetoğlu E. Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. JOLTIDA. 2026;11:286–300.
MLA
Tuna, Ayşe, and Emine Ahmetoğlu. “Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder”. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, vol. 11, no. 4, Sept. 2026, pp. 286-00, doi:10.53850/joltida.1833028.
Vancouver
1.Ayşe Tuna, Emine Ahmetoğlu. Effects of a Humanoid Robot-Assisted Teaching Procedure on the Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. JOLTIDA. 2026 Sep. 1;11(4):286-300. doi:10.53850/joltida.1833028