Writing Guidelines
Font and Page Layout
Articles submitted to our journal must be written in Microsoft Word using Times New Roman font, 11-point size, and single line spacing. The page format should be A4, with margins of 2.5 cm on all sides (right-left, top-bottom). Page numbers must appear at the bottom center of each page. Articles that do not comply with these formatting requirements will be returned to the authors before being sent to the reviewers. The maximum allowable plagiarism rate is 20% (including a maximum of 9-character matches and references). A plagiarism report must be uploaded to the journal panel along with the article. For studies without a plagiarism report, the report may be obtained by the journal editor.
Length
The length of articles submitted for publication, including appendices and references, must not exceed 8,000 words or 20 pages. However, longer articles may be considered for review if deemed appropriate by the Editor and/or Editorial Board.
Title Page
The title page of the articles to be submitted to the journal must include the following information about the author(s):
- Title of the article
- Name, surname, and academic title of the author(s)
- Institution(s) with which the author(s) are affiliated
- ORCID information of the author(s)
- Contact information of the author(s) (full postal address, phone and fax numbers, email address)
Individuals and/or institutions acknowledged in the study and other relevant notes.
The title of the article on the title page must be centered and written in bold, with each word’s first letter capitalized. Similarly, the authors’ names, surnames, and contact information must be centered with only the first letters capitalized.
In the case of multiple authors, the author responsible for correspondence between the Journal Editorial Office and the authors must be specified. If the corresponding author is not indicated, communication will be established with the author who submitted the article to the journal.
The title page must be prepared separately from the article and uploaded to the system as a separate file.
Article
The article file, which also includes the author information, consists of the following sections: article title, abstract, keywords, introduction, main text, conclusion, references, and appendices. The article must be submitted as a separate file to the system. The following sequence must be followed in articles submitted to the journal:
- Title
- Abstract and Keywords
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Explanatory Notes (if any)
- References
- Appendices (if any)
Title
The main title of the article must be relevant to the content and should not exceed 12 words. The title must be written in bold and centered on the page, with the first letter of each word capitalized. For articles written in Turkish, the English version of the title must be included; for articles written in English, the Turkish version of the title must be included.
Abstract and Keywords
At the beginning of the article, Turkish and English abstracts containing a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 words must be included. Abstracts should carefully reflect the purpose, method, findings, and results of the study. No citations or abbreviations should be used in Turkish and English abstracts.
After leaving a blank line below the abstracts, at least three (3) keywords must be written in Turkish and English that best describe the topic.
Main Text and Section Headings
The main text must be written in Times New Roman font, 12-point size, and justified alignment. Paragraph spacing should be set as single space (6 pt) before and after paragraphs. Main headings and subheadings must be numbered and formatted according to the journal’s article template. Subdivision of text may be done up to the fourth level. There must be a 12 pt space before headings and a 6 pt space after them.
Tables and Figures
Tables and figures must be numbered sequentially (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, Figure 1) and placed where appropriate within the text. Table titles must be written above the tables, and figure titles below the figures. Tables should be aligned to the right, while figures should be centered on the page. The reference for each table or figure must be written below them. One line space must be left between the text and the table or figure. Any text within tables and figures must be written in 10-point font size. Tables, figures, or data that disrupt the flow may be added to the end of the article as “Appendices.”
Mathematical Equations and Formulas
Mathematical equations and formulas in the text must be centered. Equations must be numbered, and these numbers should be right-aligned in parentheses. A 6 pt space must be left between the equation and the surrounding text.
Citation and Referencing
In-text citations must follow the conjunction method and conform to the APA (American Psychological Association) referencing format. When citing sources in the text, authors’ surnames, publication date, and page number (if directly quoted) must be indicated. If authors’ surnames are mentioned within the sentence, only the publication date needs to be written in parentheses after the name.
For works with two authors, both surnames must be provided. In works with three to five authors, all authors’ surnames must be written in the first citation. Subsequent citations should use only the first author’s surname followed by “et al.” For works with six or more authors, “et al.” should be used after the first author’s surname in all citations, including the first. If the same author(s) published multiple works in the same year, add symbols such as (a, b, c, etc.) after the publication year to differentiate them. If citing multiple sources at the end of a sentence, references should be listed in parentheses in chronological order, separated by a semicolon (;).
Examples of In-Text Citation
Approximately 40% of trade between the European Union and the United States consists of transactions between parent companies and their affiliates (Stewart, 1993).
International transfer pricing has three strategic objectives (Hoshower & Mandel, 1986, p. 53).
Hoshower and Mandel (1986, pp. 53–54) stated that international transfer pricing has three strategic objectives.
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) does not show a statistically significant relationship between systematic risk (beta) and returns (Fama & French, 1996a, 1996b).
There is a relationship between customer satisfaction and profitability (Anderson, Fornell & Lehmann, 1994). Anderson et al. (1994) found that as customer satisfaction increases, customers become more willing to pay higher prices.
Bilici, Mete, Soylu, Bekaroğlu & Kavakçı (1998) investigated the relationship between burnout levels and demographic characteristics. Bilici et al. (1998) found that demographic features such as age, gender, and marital status influence burnout.
Findings from previous studies support the hypothesis that there is a relationship between high job satisfaction and low burnout levels (Dolan, 1987; Penn, Romano & Foat, 1988; Rocca & Konstanski, 2001; Sobreques et al., 2003).
Explanatory (End) Notes
Explanatory notes within the text should be placed at the end of the article, before the references section, and numbered according to their order in the text (1, 2, 3, etc.).
References
APA citation style is used in the journal. The references section should begin on the page following the end of the article, and all works must be listed alphabetically by the author’s last name. All sources cited in the text must appear in the references, and uncited sources should not be included. If multiple works by the same author(s) are cited, they should be listed starting with the earliest publication. For multiple works from the same year, use (a, b, c, …) to differentiate them, as shown in the text. If citing both sole-authored and co-authored works by the same author, list the sole-authored ones first.
Articles published in journals and chapters in edited books must include page numbers.
Examples of Referencing Works Cited in the Text
Journals
Yurdakul, F. (2008). Türkiye’de kayıtdışı ekonomi: Bir model denemesi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 63(4), 205–221.
Hoshower, L. B., & Mandel, L. (1986). Transfer pricing policies of US-based multinationals. The International Journal of Accounting, 22(1), 51–59.
Fama, E., & French, K. (1996a). Multifactor explanations of asset pricing anomalies. Journal of Finance, 51, 55–84.
Fama, E., & French, K. (1996b). The CAPM is wanted, dead or alive. Journal of Finance, 54, 1947–1958.
Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., & Lehmann, D. R. (1994). Customer satisfaction, market share, and profitability: Findings from Sweden. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 53–66.
Bilici, M., Mete, F., Soylu C., Bekaroğlu, M., & Kavakçı, O. (1998). Bir grup akademisyende depresyon ve tükenme düzeyleri. Journal of Turkish Psychiatry, 9(3), 181–189.
Sobreques, J., Cebria, J., Segura, J., Rodriguez, C., Garcia, M., & Juncosa, S. (2003). Job satisfaction and burnout in general practitioners. Aten Primaria, 31(4), 227–233.
Books
Doğan, A. (2015). Kara yolu yolcu taşımacılığı (2nd ed.). Istanbul: Doğan Yayınları.
Alpugan, O., Demir, H., Oktav, M., & Üner, N. (1995). İşletme ekonomisi ve yönetimi. Istanbul: Beta Yayınları.
Gujarati, D. (2006). Basic Econometrics. (Trans. Ü. Şenesen & G. G. Şenesen). Istanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
Dayananda, D., Irons, R., Harrison, S., Herbohn, J., & Rowland, P. (2002). Capital Budgeting: Financial Appraisal of Investment Projects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Blank, L., & Tarquin, A. (2002). Engineering Economy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Edited Volumes
Ceylan, A. (2006). Capital budgeting under conditions of uncertainty. In N. Aydın (Ed.), Financial Management (pp. 189–204). Eskişehir: AÖF Yayınları.
Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. (1998). Cost of capital, corporate finance and investment theory. In C. Erol (Ed.), Key Articles in Financial Theory (Trans. S. Soydemir, pp. 165–204). Istanbul: SPK Yayınları.
Beumee, J. G. B., Hilberink, B., Patel, S., & Walsh, P. (1999). Hedging derivative credit risk. In L. Donaldson (Ed.), Derivative Credit Risk (pp. 185–196). Great Britain: Risk Books.
Internet Resources
Mun, J. (2006). Real options and Monte Carlo simulation versus traditional DCF valuation in layman’s terms. http://www.crystalball.com/articles/download/ro-vs-dcf.pdf (Accessed March 10, 2006).
Internet stocks: Valuations and trading strategy (2000). http://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~charvey/Teaching/BA453_2000/Dbc/Dbc.doc (Accessed March 25, 2006).
Müderrisoğlu, O. (August 21, 2006). Anadolu approach to revive 70,000 SMEs. Sabah Newspaper. http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2006/08/21/eko110.html (Accessed October 20, 2007).
Computer and Internet Security. (2000). http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/internet/security.html (Accessed March 24, 2002).
Other Resources
Turkish Banks Association (May 2007). Information note on the restructuring program of financial sector debts for small and medium-sized enterprises.
State Planning Organization (DPT) (2000). Report of the Special Commission on Climate Change. Eighth Five-Year Development Plan, Ankara.
Sudarsanam, S., Sorwar, G., & Marr, B. (October 2003). Valuation of intellectual capital and real option models. PMA Intellectual Capital Symposium.
Yılmaz, B. (2003). Turkey’s competitiveness in the European Union: A comparison with five candidate countries – Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the EU15. Ezoneplus Working Paper No. 12.

Necessary Documents

1. Pre-check-file

2. Cover Page

3. Article Template

4. Author Contribution Form

5. Copyright form and cover letter

Our journal is committed to adherence to ethical principles in publishing and maintaining article quality.
The editorial board of our journal is responsible for preventing misconduct in publications. Unethical behaviors are unacceptable, and plagiarism is not tolerated under any circumstances. Authors, reviewers, and editors are fully committed to quality publishing practices and are obligated to fulfill the responsibilities outlined below. To avoid any violation of publication ethics, each article must be submitted along with a “Cover Letter” signed by all authors. Before signing the “Cover Letter,” the “Declaration” section located at the end of the letter (before the signatures) must be read carefully.

Publication and Authorship
- All submitted articles will undergo a double-blind peer review process conducted by at least two international reviewers who are experts in the subject of the article. The review process will consider criteria such as relevance, significance, originality, readability, and language. To ensure anonymity, editors prepare the review version of the submitted article by removing the title page. Authors should avoid self-citation such as “In a previous study, we (Authors et al., 2018)...” and refer to their previous work through third-person citation. If the manuscript contains identifying information, the Acknowledgments section will also be removed from the review version.
- Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts prepared by authors without complying with the journal's guidelines or that fall outside the scope and aims of the journal. Each article will be sent to at least two independent reviewers. If there is a discrepancy between the reviewer reports, a third reviewer will be assigned. Based on these evaluations, the editor will decide on the acceptance or rejection of the article.
- Authors may suggest five potential reviewers who are experts in the subject area of the article; however, the journal’s editorial board reserves the right to accept or reject suggested reviewers.
- Accepted articles will be edited by the editorial team before publication.
- Possible decisions include “accept,” “accept with minor revisions,” or “reject based on reviewer opinions or editorial decision.” Authors may be encouraged to revise and resubmit the manuscript; however, resubmission does not guarantee acceptance. Rejected manuscripts will not be considered in future review processes.
- The journal is committed to completing the peer review process. If no response is received from the invited reviewers, the editorial board may refer the article to the section editor for final decision or rejection.
- Review articles must be objective, comprehensive, and error-free.
- No research may be published in more than one publication.

Responsibilities of Authors
- Authors must certify that the manuscript is their own original work, has not been published elsewhere (excluding theses), and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. Articles submitted for publication in other journals will not be processed. In such cases, manuscripts will be automatically rejected, and all authors listed in the article will lose the right to submit and publish in our journal.
- All authors listed in the manuscript must meet authorship criteria, contribute significantly to the manuscript, and be prepared to accept public responsibility for the work. All authors must have contributed to the manuscript and reached a mutual agreement before submission. Manuscripts not meeting these conditions will not be accepted for review in our journal.
- Authors must properly cite and reference the work and/or words of other researchers if used.
- Authors must ensure a complete description of the study and provide an objective discussion of its significance.
- Authors must correct any errors identified in their work.
- All authors must have contributed significantly to the conception, design, execution, and interpretation of the reported study.
- Authors must confirm that all data presented in the manuscript are genuine and original. Authors must ensure that the original data presented in the manuscript can be clearly distinguished from those published in other scientific articles. Authors must verify that the manuscript content, including text, illustrations, and other materials, do not infringe any existing copyrights or personal rights.
- Authors must disclose any conflicts of interest to the editors.
- Authors must acknowledge all resources used in the creation of the manuscript. The article must include sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the study. Fabricated or inaccurate statements involving unethical behavior will not be accepted.
- Authors must report any errors or inconsistencies identified in published work to the journal editor.
- If a significant error or inconsistency is identified in published work, it is the author’s responsibility to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate in the retraction or correction of the article.
- Authors are expected to provide raw data associated with the article and be prepared to make it publicly available.
- Other authors’ works must be properly cited. Authors must reference publications that significantly influenced the structure of the reported study.

Let me know if you'd like this formatted as an official ethics statement page or integrated into author submission guidelines!
Responsibilities of Reviewers
- Reviewers must keep all information related to the manuscript confidential and treat it as privileged information.
- Reviews should be conducted objectively, without including any personal criticism toward the author.
- Reviewers should express their opinions clearly and support them with constructive arguments.
- If reviewers detect any similarities or overlaps between the manuscript under review and any previously published work, they must inform the Editor-in-Chief or the Responsible Editor.
- Reviewers must not evaluate manuscripts if they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors, companies, or institutions related to the manuscript.

Responsibilities of Editors
- Editors hold full authority and responsibility for accepting or rejecting a submitted manuscript.
- Editors are accountable for the content and overall quality of the publication.
- Editors must ensure the quality of manuscripts and academic integrity.
- Editors should have clear information about the sources of funding for a study.
- Editors must base their decisions solely on the importance, originality, clarity, and relevance of the manuscripts to the journal’s scope.
- Editors should not change decisions or override those of other editors without a valid reason.
- Editors must keep reviewers’ identities confidential.
- Editors must ensure that all published research materials adhere to internationally recognized ethical standards.
- Whether or not a manuscript has been published, if editors suspect misconduct, they must take action and make all reasonable efforts to resolve the issue.
- Editors must not allow conflicts of interest between staff, authors, reviewers, and editorial board members.
- Editors and publishing staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisors, and the publisher.

Research Ethics
Our journal encourages the publication of ethical and trustworthy research and requires authors to obtain all necessary permissions and approvals before publication. Clinical and experimental studies involving humans or animals that require ethics committee approval must have separate approval and this must be stated and documented in the manuscript. These permissions may include the items listed below.

Human Rights, Privacy, and Confidentiality
For articles reporting medical studies involving human participants, our journal requires authors to declare that the study was approved by an ethics committee and complied with relevant standards. Examples of relevant standards include:
- Declaration of Helsinki
- US Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects
- European Medicines Agency Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice
These standards encourage authors to take necessary steps to minimize harm to participants, prevent coercion and abuse, ensure confidentiality, and reduce risks of physical and psychological harm.
The application of privacy and confidentiality, the relative risks of participation, and participants’ reasonable expectations may vary across scientific disciplines.

Animals in Scientific Research
Research involving animals must be conducted with the same rigor as research involving humans. Our journal encourages authors to apply the 4R principles:
“4R is a widely accepted ethical framework for conducting humane scientific research involving animals:
Replacement – using non-animal methods;
Reduction – using methods that reduce the number of animals used;
Refinement – using methods that improve animal welfare;
Responsibility – recognizing laboratory animals as sentient beings and understanding one's responsibilities toward them.”
The International Council for Laboratory Animal Science has published ethical guidelines for editors and reviewers.
Our journal encourages authors to follow animal research reporting standards such as the ARRIVE guidelines. These standards specify the level of detail authors should provide, including:
- Research design and statistical analysis
- Experimental methods
- Experimental animals
- Housing and animal care
Before starting the study, authors must confirm that ethical and legal approvals have been obtained and must name the approving institution. Authors must also declare that the experiments were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional and national regulations and guidelines.
Authors must comply with Directive 2010/63/EU.
Editors may ask authors to describe how distress, suffering, and harm were prevented or minimized and confirm that animals did not suffer unnecessarily at any stage of the experiment. Authors whose studies involve injury or death of animals must justify and explain the rationale. When available, references should be included to verify that the techniques used were non-invasive. If harmless alternative techniques exist but were not used, such manuscripts will not be considered for publication.
Editors may ask reviewers to comment on the standard of experimental reporting, study design, or any aspect of the study that may raise concern. If concern arises or clarification is needed, editors may request proof of ethical approval or further information from the authors.

Publication Policy
Our journal accepts original manuscripts that have not been previously published. Review papers are limited to each issue and may be sent to reviewers after editorial review. Each manuscript is evaluated by at least two independent reviewers before a decision is made.
Manuscripts submitted to our journal are typically published within an average of 6 weeks and no more than 12 weeks. Accepted manuscripts are assigned a DOI number and made available on our website until the next issue is published.
In line with our “integration mission,” our journal accepts articles from all areas of biology. It is published electronically twice a year, in December and June.
Our journal is open access, and no fee is charged for the publication or evaluation process.