Yetiştiricilik Balıklarının Tavsiye Edilen Besin Alımına Potansiyel Katkısı: Norveç Somonu ve Farklı Orijinli Büyük Gökkuşağı Alabalığına İlişkin Bir Vaka Çalışması

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 23 - 37, 15.03.2024

Demet Kocatepe , Bengünur Çorapcı , Can Altan , Bayram Köstekli , İrfan Keskin , Hülya Turan

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1317839

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmada farklı orijinli büyük gökkuşağı alabalıkları (O. mykiss) ile ithal Norveç somonunun (S. salar) besinsel özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Gruplar: Fransa orijinli büyük gökkuşağı alabalığı (Grup A), yerli orijinli büyük gökkuşağı alabalığı (Grup B) ve ithal Norveç somonudur (Grup N). Çalışmada B grubunun diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek ham protein içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Grup N'nin ham yağ, ham protein ve enerji içeriği Grup A ve B'ye göre daha düşüktür. Grupların aminoasit profilinde sırasıyla lizin, glutamik asit ve aspartik asit yüksek oranda belirlenmiştir. Grup A'nın PUFA içeriği Grup N ile benzerdir. Grup A ve B'yi grup N'den üstün kılan en önemli faktör EPA+DHA, A vitamini, demir ve selenyum içeriklerinin yüksek olmasıdır. Buna göre, Karadeniz’de yetiştirilen balıklardan örneklenen büyük gökkuşağı alabalıklarının ham protein, ham yağ, enerji değerleri ile lizin, EPA+DHA, A vitamini ve selenyum içeriklerinin Norveç somonuna göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Alabalık, Karadeniz, Somon, Besin kompozisyonu, Beslenme

Supporting Institution

This work was supported by the Samsun ve Sinop İlleri Su Ürünleri Yetiştiricileri Üretici Birliği [Samsun, Türkiye].

Project Number

[no number]

Potential Contribution of Farmed Fishes to The Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs): A Case Study of Farmed Atlantic Salmon (S. salar) and Different Origin Large Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss)

Abstract

In this study, different source species such as the large rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and Norwegian salmon (S. salar) were compared in terms of nutritional properties. The groups consisted of large rainbow trout of France-origin (Group A), large rainbow trout of local-origin (Group B) and imported Norwegian salmon (Group N). Group B had the highest crude protein content compared to the others. Group N's crude fat, protein and energy content was lower than that of Groups A and B. In the amino acid profile of the groups, lysine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were determined at high rates, respectively. Group A's PUFA content was similar to that of Group N. The most important factor that makes Groups A and B superior to N, was the higher EPA+DHA, vitamin A, iron and selenium content. Accordingly, it was determined that the crude protein, crude oil, energy values and lysine, EPA+DHA, vitamin A, and selenium contents of large rainbow trout sampled from fish grown in the Black Sea were higher than Norwegian salmon.

Keywords

Trout, Black Sea, salmon, nutrient composition, nutrition

Project Number

[no number]

References

• AOAC, (1988). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Minerals in infant formula, Enteral products, AOAC 985.35
• AOAC, (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
• AOAC, (1997). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. AOAC 986.24, Phosphorous in infant formula and enteral products. Spectrophotometric method.
• AOAC, (2000). Official Method 992.06., AOAC, 2000 Official Method 985.30.
• AOAC, (2002). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC Official Method 999.10 Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, and Iron in Foods Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after Microwave Digestion.
• AOAC, (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis (18th Ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
• Atanasoff, A., Nikolov, G., Staykov, Y., Zhelyazkov, G. and Sirakov, I., (2013). Proximate and mineral analysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cultivated in Bulgaria. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 29(3), 571-579.
• Bat, L., Arıcı, E., Öztekin, A. and Şahin, F., (2021). Farmed Turkish salmon: toxic metals and health threat. Foods and Raw Materials, 9(2), 317-323.
• Çelik, T., (2020). Investigation of meat yield and proximate composition in rainbow trout’s (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from different farms. Thesis. Tunceli University Graduate Scholl of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dep. of Fisheries and Aquaculture. 44p.
• CEN, (1999). Comité Européen de Normalization pr EN 12821. Food stuffs determination of vitamin D by high performance liquid chromatography, measurement of cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2).
• Chasanah, E., Susilowati, R., Yuwono, P., Zilda, D.S. and Fawzya, Y.N., (2019). Amino acid profile of biologically processed fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) using local enzyme to combat stunting. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 278, No. 1, p. 012013). IOP Publishing.
• Commission Regulation, (2008). Commission Regulation (EC) N.° 629/2008 of 2 July (2008) amending Regulation (EC) N.° 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, pp L 173/6-9 .
• Dias, M.G., Sanchez, M.V., Bartolo, H. and Oliveira, L. (2003). Vitamin content of fish and fish products consumed in Portugal. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2(4), 510-515.
• EEC, (1995). Commission Decision 95/149/EEC of 8 March 1995: Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) limits values for certain categories of fishery products and specifying the analysis methods to be used Official Journal of European Communities, L97 (1995), pp. 84-87
• EFSA, (2015). European Food Safety Authority. Statement on the benefits of fish/seafood consumption compared to the risks of methylmercury in fish/seafood. EFSA Journal, 13(1), 3982
• EFSA, (2022). Dietary Reference Values for EU. Retrieved March 7, 2022 from: https://multimedia.efsa.europa.eu/drvs/index.htm.
• Eitenmiller, R.R., Landen, Jr. W.O. and Ye, L. (2016). Vitamin analysis for the health and food sciences. CRC press.
• Esaiassen, M., Jensen, T.K., Edvinsen, G.K., Otnæs, C.H., Ageeva, T.N. and Mæhre, H.K., (2022), Nutritional value and storage stability in commercially produced organically and conventionally farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway. Applied Food Research, 2(1), 100033.
• Falch, E., Overrien. I., Solberg, C. and Slizyte, R., (2010). Nutritional quality-composition and calories. In: L.M.L. Nollet, F. Toldra (Editors), Seafood and Seafood Product Analysis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 257-288.
• Fallah, A.A., Siavash Saei‐Dehkordi, S. and Nematollahi, A. (2011). Comparative assessment of proximate composition, physicochemical parameters, fatty acid profile and mineral content in farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46(4), 767-773.
• FAO/WHO/UNU, (2007). Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition: report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Fenton, M. and Sim, J.S., (1991). Determination of egg yolk cholesterol content by on-column capillary gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 540: 323-329.
• IUPAC, (1979). Standard Methods for Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives 6th Edition (Fifty Edition Method II.D.19), Pergamon Pres, Oxford.
• Jakobsen, J., Bysted, A., Langwagen, M., Nielsen, C.W., Ygil, K.H. and Trolle, E., (2019). Nutrient Content in Fish and Fish Products—With an Extra Focus on Farmed Salmon. Lyngby, Denmark: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark.
• Kaya Öztürk, D., Baki, B., Öztürk, R., Karayücel, S. and Uzun Gören, G., (2019). Determination of growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern Black Sea coasts of Türkiye. Aquaculture Research, 50(12), 3763-3775.
• Keskin, İ., Köstekli, B. and Erdem, M. E. (2022). Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Satılan Türk Somonu ile Atlantik Somonunun Besin İçeriği ve Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonu Yönünden Karşılaştırılması. Akademik Et ve Süt Kurumu Dergisi, (3), 18-25.
• Kocatepe, D., Turan, H., Köstekli, B., Altan, C. O., & Çorapci, B. (2022). Preliminary investigation of the nutritional composition of two commercial fish species: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 73(4), 4817-4826.
• Malesa-Ciećwierz, M. and Usydus, Z., (2015). Vitamin D: Can fish food–based solutions be used for reduction of vitamin D deficiency in Poland? Nutrition, 31(1), 187-192.
• Purser, J. and Forsyth, N., (2012). Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants, 2nd ed.; Lucas, J.S., Southgate, P.C., Eds.; 2012; pp. 313–337, Wiley Blackwell Press: Chichester, UK.
• R-Biopharm, (2011). R-Biopharm Easy-Extract Vitamin B12. Application of Immunoaffinity Columns for Analysis of Vitamin B12 by HPLC, Date of Manufacture, 08 November 2011.
• R-Biopharm, (2022). Easy- Extract Folic acid. EC No:1907-2006. Retrieved August 03, 2022 from: https://food.r-biopharm.com/wp-content/uploads/product_catalogue_2022_food__feed_analysis_en_2021-11.pdf
• Reksten, A.M., Ho, Q.T., Nøstbakken, O.J., Markhus, M.W., Kjellevold, M., Bøkevoll, A., Hannisdal, R., Frøyland. L., Madsen, L. and Dahl, L., (2022). Temporal variations in the nutrient content of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), 2005–2020. Food Chemistry, 373, 131445.
• Şengör, G.F.Ü., Alakavuk, D.Ü. and Tosun, Ş.Y., (2013). Effect of cooking methods on proximate composition, fatty acid composition, and cholesterol content of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 22(2), 160-167.
• Shahbandeh, M., (2021). Salmon industry-statistics & facts. https://www.statista.com/topics/7411/salmon-industry/#dossierContents__outerWrapper
• Simopoulos, A.P., (2008). The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 233, 674-688.
• Sprague, M., Fawcett, S., Betancor, M.B., Struthers, W. and Tocher, D.R., (2020). Variation in the nutritional composition of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fillets with emphasis on EPA and DHA contents. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 94, 103618.
• Turkish Food Codex, (2007). Turkish Food Codex. Accessed: 03.08.2022 https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/08/20070823-7.htm (in Turkish)
• Türkiye Dietary Guidelines, (2016). Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health Public health Agency of Türkiye. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Türkiye_Dietary_Guidelines_2015.pdf (in Turkish)
• USDA, (2009). USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/cgi-bin/list_nut_edit.pl. In: Fallah, A. A., Siavash Saei‐Dehkordi, S., & Nematollahi, A. (2011). Comparative assessment of proximate composition, physicochemical parameters, fatty acid profile and mineral content in farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46(4), 767-773.
• WHO/FAO/UNU (World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United 1763 Nations/United Nations University), (2007). Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. 1764 Report of a Joint WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation, WHO Technical Report Series, No 935. Geneva.
• WWF, (2022). World Wild Fund. Accessed: August 2, 2022. https://www.worldwildlife.org/industries/farmed-salmon