Publication Principles

The articles sent to the Journal of Defense Sciences are required not to have been published anywhere in the country and abroad and to be original in such a way that contribute to the related literature. The submitted articles that were presented in scientific meetings such as congress, symposium, seminar etc. can be accepted if they have not been published in the related proceedings document and this is explicitly stated by the article author(s). The articles which will be sent to the Journal of Defence Sciences for publishing are required to be sent to Directorate of Alparslan Defence Sciences Institute via alpdergi@kho.edu.tr.

The Articles submitted to the Journal are forwarded to the referees (two referees) of the particular scientific are by hiding the identity of the author in the event that the articles meet the formatting requirement mentioned below and the publication board finds it appropriate for the subject. If the evaluation of both referees turn out to be positive, the article is accepted for publication. In case one of the evaluation is positive and the other one is negative, the article is forwarded to a third referee. In the event that the editors or referees of the Journal request a change/correction in the text of candidate's article in terms of format, method or content, this situation is reported to the author and he/she is asked to amend the text again and deliver it in 15 days at the latest. The emended text can be reviewed again in case the referee deems it necessary. The articles submitted to the Journal of Defense Science are published with a final decision of the Publication Board after two referees give approval as ''publishable''. The articles submitted to the Journal are not given back in case of publication or non-publication.

The views expressed in the articles published in the Journal of Defense Sciences are of the personal views of the authors and do not constitute the official opinion of National Defense University and Directorate of Alparslan Defense Sciences Institute with any other institute and organizations. The writer is responsible for any faulty, missing references or distortions that may arise in the work. It is compulsory for the author to keep the reference data for every research for 5 years which was published. There is no copyright payment for the article sent to the Journal.

Text Formatting

1.      Articles sent to the Journal can be prepared either in Turkish or in English.The spelling and the punctuation of Turkish articles and the abbreviations in them should be in accordance with the most recent edition of Turkish Language Association Spelling Book. The articles should be clear and understandable in terms of language and expression in accordance with scientific measures.

2.      The articles sent to the Journal should be in the range of 2500-3000 words for the articles written in the engineering field and 5000-6000 words for the articles written in the social sciences.

3.      The articles should include a maximum of 150-250 words of Turkish abstract and key words (3 to 7 words) and also English title, abstract and key words. Both of these Abstracts should be in Times New Roman 11 font, one and a half spaced and in italics. In addition, there will be an Extended Summary at the end of the article in accordance with the scientific writing rules not to exceed 750 words. The Extended Summary which will consist of Introduction, Main Titles and a Conclusion sections will be prepared in English for articles in Turkish, and in Turkish for articles in English.

4       The names of the authors should be written side by side under the title of the article; the title of the author, the name of the institution/organization to which he/she is affiliated and the e-mail address should be indicated in footnote (*) with 9 point.

5.      The articles should be written in Times New Roman 11pt, one and a half spaced, and justified. Page numbers should be stated on the bottom and page margins should be 4 cm to the right, 4 cm to the left, 5,5 cm to the bottom and 5,5 cm to the tol. The paper type should be A4.

6.      After the first page, name of the author should be given to the even pages, name of the article should be given to the odd pages in 10pt as header.

7.      Page number should be given to every page (Table 1, Figure 2 etc. );The title of the tables should be above and the title of the figures should be below. These titles should be centered and the first letter should be uppercased in 10pt. For the statistics, no more than three letters should be written after the comma. Equations should be numbered. Page number should be in brackets and located at the right side of the sheet.

8.      Using endnotes in the articles should be avoided and things that will be stated in this part should be given in the text. If it is compulsory to use endnotes, those should be stated at the end of the pages after numbered or stated at the end of the text but before the reference as endnote.

9.      Technical terms should be in quotation marks or explained. Using abbreviations should be avoided for the terms.

10.    Five level titles should be used in Journal of Defence Sciences. If it is not compulsory, these levels should not be exceeded. Introduction and conclusion parts should not be numbered.

1.      First Level

         a.   Second Level

                (1)     Third Level

                         (a) Fourth Level

                                   (I)     Fifth Level

11.    Each tested hypothesis should be expressed and numbered separately (Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 1a, 1b etc.). Hypothesis should be indented and in italics. For instance;

Hypothesis 1: The managers working on public organizations have higher power distance than the managers working on private institutions.

12.    Citation should be arranged alphabetically according to the last names of the authors. In different studies of the same author or authors, study dating back to an older date must be stated before. The same studies of the same author or authors should include ‘’a’’, ‘’b’’ next to the year of the study. Basically, each reference of studies which is referred, should be given as in the example below.

Name and year: Organizational Premises, Organizational Justice Perception (Brewer and Kramer, 1986; Cremer, 2005a, 2005b; Lipponen, 2001, 2006)

Only year: Mael and Ashforth (1992)

In studies with multiple authors, the first citation should include the names of all authors. Following citations should be abbreviated by using ‘’et al.’’ If there are more than five authors, it can be stated as ‘’et al.’’ after the last name of the first author.

13.    If paraphrasing is difficult or causing vagueness, it is difficult to re-express the thoughts of an author or becomes meaningless, the expression taken from the source in the reference  which  is  no  more  than  40  words should be written in quotation marks and the page number of the expression should be stated. For example: (Ozturk, 2003: 147). If the reference is required to be more than 40 words, quoted text should be in quotation marks, two times indented and paragraph (para. 15) or page (p.25) should be stated at the end.

14.    If a page with no author name is required to be cited and if this is in a periodical publication, the publication name can be specified as the author. For example (Wall Street Journal of Trade, 2009), (The Ministry of Trade,1999). To state multiple sources in the same parentheses, they should be in alphabetical order, and each should be separated by a semi colon. For example: (Abrahams, 2000; Sullivan and Hellman, 1999). Secondary sources should be stated as (Blau, from Tamer in 1963, 2003), according to Tamer(2003) referencing Blau(1964).

15.    When refering to electronic sources, general reference rules are valid (last name, year.). If this information is not reachable, the link of the source should be stated in parentheses. In short, when it is required to refer an electronic source of which author is unknown, the website of the source should be given in parentheses. If it is required to refer a professional website, data base or the website of a project the electronic address should be given in parantheses and it should also be stated in the references as shown in the below. For example; the website of UNICEF enables connections to various useful sources endeavoring for welfare of the children worldwide.

16.    Acknowledgements: If there is any person or any institutions that you would like to thank for financial or any other types of support, you can express you sincere thanks by adding a note at the end of the study.

17.          The references should be in 11 font size. Some examples of writing rules are givenbelow:

Books

Brannick, M.T., Levine, E.L. ve Morgeson, F.P. (2007). Job and work analysis. London: Sage.

Bloch S. ve Whiteley P. (2010). Düz bir dünyada yöneticilik. (Çev. Ü. Şensoy), İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları.

Article

Levine, E.L., Ash, R.A. ve Bennett, N. (1980). Exploratory comparative study of four job analysis methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 3(1), 524-535.

Unpublished Works

Dağ, İ. (1990). Kontrol odağı, stresle başa çıkma stratejileri ve psikolojik belirti gösterme ilişkileri. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.

Welch, K.E. (Baskıda). Technical communication and physical location: Topoi and architecture in computer classrooms. Technical Communication Quarterly,14(3).

E-books

Shotton, M.A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency .http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/html/index. This Article was taken from this Website.

ETHICAL RULES

For Authors
1. It is essential that the studies submitted to the journal are original, in accordance with scientific theory and methodology; and contribute to current practices and theories. Studies can be prepared in Turkish or English. Studies submitted to the journal should not have been previously published anywhere in Turkey or abroad and should not have been sent for publication. The Journal Management is not obliged to investigate whether the submitted studies have been published elsewhere before. The ethical responsibility of the situation belongs to the article owner. Sending the study to our journal for publication is considered as the author's commitment in this regard.

2. A candidate article based on a paper presented at scientific meetings (congress, symposium, seminar, etc.) can be accepted provided that it has not been published in the relevant proceedings booklet and this situation is stated.

3. If the information such as research, data collection, analysis, research results, etc. conducted within the scope of the study submitted to the journal has been used in a study published anywhere before, it must be stated in the article and in the bibliography.
4. In cases where there is more than one author in a study submitted to the journal, the authors of the article undertake that each of them has personally contributed to the planning, research, preparation, writing, editing and finalization of the study and that they have equal responsibility. If the contribution rates and fields of the authors are different, a statement of contribution rates should be provided.

5. Studies submitted to the journal cannot contain any fictitious (non-existent) information on research, data collection, analysis, research results, etc.

6. Authors should indicate in the article and in the bibliography that they have used sources that support not only the results and inferences put forward by their studies, but also sources that support other perspectives.

7. In studies supported by a research institution/organization (TÜBİTAK, SANTEZ, BAP, etc.), the name and code of the institution/organization and the project in question should be stated.

8. The name, place and date of the meeting should be stated in congress and symposium papers.

9. Studies submitted to our journal are regularly scanned for plagiarism. For this purpose, plagiarism prevention programs called iThenticate/Turnitin are used to detect plagiarism in academic studies.

10. Studies sent to the journal should be prepared within the framework of the Higher Education Council (YÖK) General Assembly's Scientific Research Publication Ethics Directive dated 10 November 2016 and numbered 2016.23.497, National Defense University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Principles and COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) (http://publicationethics.org/international-standard-editors-and-authors) standards.

11. If the study sent to the journal includes research conducted on humans and/or animals or personal information to be shared as a result of the research, a permission document obtained from the authorized ethics committee must be sent. Studies in this situation without a permission document will not be accepted. The situations that require permission from the authorized ethics committee for studies sent to the journal are as follows: Any research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using survey, interview, focus group study, observation, experiment, interview techniques, the use of humans and animals (including material/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes, clinical research conducted on humans and animals. In addition, in case reports, an “Informed Consent Form” must be established and submitted, and it must be documented that permission has been obtained from the owners for the use of scales, surveys, and photographs belonging to others. It is mandatory to comply with copyright regulations for the intellectual and artistic works used.

12. If any non-compliance with academic and ethical principles is detected at any evaluation stage, the evaluation process of the studies, regardless of the stage, is immediately stopped and the study is rejected.

For Referees
1. Referees are the most basic elements that will determine the scientific nature, compliance with the journal's writing rules, publication principles, and ethical rules, and academic quality of the candidate study for our journal. Referees must act with this understanding and make evaluations with the responsibility of increasing academic quality.
2. Referees should only accept refereeing of studies for which they have the expertise required to conduct an appropriate evaluation.

3. Referees should abide by the rules of double-blind review and keep the details of the study confidential in all cases.

4. Referees should never share any information about the study they review with others.

5. Referees should make their evaluations in accordance with the principle of impartiality. They should only evaluate the scientific nature of the studies, their contribution to the field, the accuracy of their content, their compliance with the principles of writing style and academic criteria. It is not valuable if the ideas expressed in the study differ from the referee's ideas.