Social Studies Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of the Concept of Artificial Intelligence: A Metaphor Analysis

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine the perceptions of social studies teacher candidates regarding the concept of artificial intelligence through the metaphors they generate. By revealing teacher candidates’ mental representations of artificial intelligence, the study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of their perceptions and to provide an original perspective for teacher education and the literature. Method: A qualitative research approach based on a phenomenological design was employed. The study group consisted of 128 social studies teacher candidates enrolled at a public university in Türkiye during the fall semester of the 2025–2026 academic year. Participants were selected on a voluntary basis using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a form including personal information questions and the prompt, “Artificial intelligence is like … because ….” The metaphors produced by the participants constituted the primary data source and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: Social studies teacher candidates generated a total of 82 valid metaphors related to artificial intelligence. These metaphors were classified into 16 categories and organized under 3 overarching themes. The most frequently generated metaphors were brain, robot, teacher, library, and human, indicating that participants associated artificial intelligence with concepts related to knowledge, cognition, guidance, technology, and human characteristics. Conclusion: The findings suggest that social studies teacher candidates have multidimensional perceptions of artificial intelligence. These results contribute to the literature by providing insights into teacher candidates’ conceptualizations of artificial intelligence and may inform education practices.

Keywords

• Teacher candidates
• metaphor
• artificial intelligence

Ethical Statement

This study is an expanded version of the study with the same title, which was presented as an oral presentation at the XX. International Congress on Research in Education, held in Bartın between November 27-29, 2025.

Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Yapay Zekâ Kavramına İlişkin Algıları: Metafor Analizi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının yapay zekâ kavramına ilişkin algılarını geliştirdikleri metaforlar aracılığıyla incelemektir. Öğretmen adaylarının yapay zekâya ilişkin zihinsel temsillerini ortaya koyarak, onların algılarının daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamak ve öğretmen eğitimi ile alanyazına özgün bir bakış açısı sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada olgubilim desenine dayalı nitel bir araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2025–2026 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 128 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılar, kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak gönüllülük esasına göre seçilmiştir. Veriler, kişisel bilgi sorularını ve “Yapay zekâ … gibidir; çünkü …” ifadesini içeren bir form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar tarafından üretilen metaforlar araştırmanın temel veri kaynağını oluşturmuş ve nitel içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayları yapay zekâya ilişkin toplam 82 geçerli metafor üretmiştir. Bu metaforlar 16 kategori altında sınıflandırılmış ve 3 üst tema altında düzenlenmiştir. En sık üretilen metaforlar beyin, robot, öğretmen, kütüphane ve insan olmuştur. Bu durum, katılımcıların yapay zekâyı bilgi, biliş, rehberlik, teknoloji ve insan özellikleriyle ilişkili kavramlarla bağdaştırdıklarını göstermektedir. Sonuç: Bulgular, sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının yapay zekâya ilişkin çok boyutlu algılara sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, öğretmen adaylarının yapay zekâya ilişkin kavramsallaştırmalarına yönelik içgörüler sunarak alanyazına katkı sağlamakta ve öğretmen eğitimi uygulamalarına yön verebilecek niteliktedir.

Keywords

• Aday öğretmenler
• metafor
• yapay zekâ

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, 27-29 Kasım 2025 tarihleri ​​arasında Bartın'da düzenlenen XX. Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi'nde sözlü sunum olarak sunulan aynı başlıklı çalışmanın genişletilmiş bir versiyonudur.

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