Ergonomi ve Cerrahi Hemşireliği: Karşılaşılan Riskler, Müdahaleler ve Literatürün Genel Görünümü

Öz

Amaç: Bu kapsam derlemesi, ameliyathane hemşirelerinde ergonomik risk faktörlerini, bu risklerin kasiskelet sistemi (KİS) üzerindeki etkilerini ve riskleri azaltmaya yönelik müdahale yaklaşımlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, kapsam derlemesi (scoping review) yaklaşımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, 2000–2024 yılları arasında yayımlanan makaleler Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında sistematik olarak taranmıştır. Arama stratejisi, anahtar kelimeler ve alan sınırlayıcılar kullanılarak şeffaf ve tekrarlanabilir bir şekilde tanımlanmıştır. Dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 12 özgün araştırma makalesinin bulguları tematik analiz yöntemiyle sentezlenmiştir. Bulgular: Bulgular dört ana tema altında yapılandırılmıştır: fiziksel ergonomik riskler ve kas-iskelet sistemi problemleri, çevresel ve organizasyonel faktörler, ergonomi temelli eğitim programları ve davranışsal müdahaleler ile ekipman, iş istasyonu ve görev tasarımına yönelik sistemsel yaklaşımlar. Literatür, ameliyathane hemşirelerinde özellikle boyun, bel ve omuz bölgelerinde kas-iskelet sistemi şikayetlerinin yaygın olduğunu ve bunun uzun süreli statik postürler, ağır ekipman kullanımı ve yetersiz ergonomik koşullarla ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Eğitim temelli müdahalelerin kısa vadede olumlu etkiler sağladığı, ancak kalıcılığın sistem düzeyinde düzenlemelerle desteklenmesi gerektiği; ekipman ve iş istasyonu tasarımının optimize edilmesinin ise fiziksel yükü ve postüral zorlanmayı azalttığı bildirilmiştir. Sonuç: Ameliyathane hemşireliği ergonomik açıdan yüksek riskli bir çalışma alanıdır. Bulgular, ergonomik risklerin yalnızca bireysel eğitimlerle değil, sistem tasarımı, ekipman yerleşimi ve organizasyonel düzenlemeleri içeren bütüncül yaklaşımlarla azaltılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ergonomi
• kas iskelet sistemi hastalıkları
• Ameliyathane hemşireliği
• iş sağlığı

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik izin gerekmemektedir.

Ergonomic Risks and Intervention Approaches in Operating Room Nurses: A Scoping Review

Öz

Aim: This scoping review aims to examine ergonomic risk factors among operating room nurses, the effects of these risks on the musculoskeletal system (MSS), and intervention approaches for reducing these risks. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a scoping review approach. Accordingly, articles published between 2000 and 2024 were systematically searched in the Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy was defined in a transparent and reproducible manner using keywords and field limiters. The findings of 12 original research articles that met the inclusion criteria were synthesized using thematic analysis. Results: The findings were structured under four main themes: physical ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders, environmental and organizational factors, ergonomics-based training programs and behavioral interventions, and system-level approaches related to equipment, workstation, and task design. The literature indicates that musculoskeletal complaints, particularly in the neck, lower back, and shoulder regions, are common among operating room nurses and are associated with prolonged static postures, heavy equipment use, and inadequate ergonomic conditions. Training-based interventions were reported to provide short-term positive effects; however, sustainability requires support through system-level arrangements, and optimization of equipment and workstation design reduces physical load and postural strain. Conclusion: Operating room nursing is a high-risk field in terms of ergonomics. The findings indicate that ergonomic risks can be reduced not only through individual training but also through holistic approaches that include system design, equipment layout, and organizational arrangements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ergonomics
• musculoskeletal diseases
• Operating Room Nursing
• occupational health

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Etik Beyan

Ethical permission is not required for this study.

Kaynakça

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