Araştırma Makalesi

Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count)

Sayı: 2026 18 Temmuz 2026
PDF İndir
EN TR

Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count)

Öz

Beauveria bassiana is a widely used entomopathogenic fungus and an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides in sustainable pest management. Although its efficacy as a biopesticide is well established, early immune responses of insect hosts to B. bassiana infection remain poorly understood. In this study, the short-term innate immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae following topical exposure to a naturally isolated B. bassiana strain was investigated. The fungus was obtained using the Galleria trap method and identified by morphological traits and ITS rDNA sequencing. Larvae were exposed to different conidial concentrations, and humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated at 24 and 48 hours post-infection. Humoral immunity was assessed by measuring the antimicrobial activity of hemolymph against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans, while cellular responses were evaluated by total hemocyte count (THC). Infected larvae showed significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to controls, with dose-, time-, and microorganism-dependent effects. Lower conidial doses increased THC, indicating immune activation, whereas higher doses caused a marked reduction in hemocyte numbers, suggesting immune suppression during infection progression. Overall, G. mellonella exhibited a dynamic innate immune response involving both humoral and cellular components. These findings provide new insights into early host–pathogen interactions during entomopathogenic fungal infection and support the use of G. mellonella as a reliable in vivo model for biocontrol research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Galleria mellonella, Beauveria bassiana, antimicrobial activity, hemolymph, total hemocyte count, biologic control

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

TUBITAK-1001 (122O398) and TUBITAK 2209-A Research Project Support Program for Undergraduate Students

Teşekkür

Our work was financially supported by TUBITAK-1001, The Scientific and Technological Research Projects Funding Program (122O398) and TUBITAK 2209-A Research Project Support Program for Undergraduate Students.

Kaynakça

  1. Abarna, V. P., Muthuswami, M., Jeyarajan Nelson, S., Johnson Thangaraj Edward, Y. S., Manikanda Boopathi, N., & Anita, B. (2024). Effective biopesticides for sustainable management of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cauliflower: A comprehensive study on isolation, characterization and virulence assessment of highly virulent entomopathogenic fungi. Science Asia, 50(5). https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513- 1874.2024.087
  2. Boucias, D. G., & Pendland, J. C. (1991). Attachment of mycopathogens to cuticle: the initial event of mycoses in arthropod hosts. In The fungal spore and disease initiation in plants and animals (pp. 101-127). Boston, MA: Springer US.
  3. Brown, S. E., Howard, A., Kasprzak, A. B., Gordon, K. H., & East, P. D. (2008). The discovery and analysis of a diverged family of novel antifungal moricin- like peptides in the wax moth Galleria mellonella. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 38(2), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.10.009
  4. Charnley, A. K. (2003). Fungal pathogens of insects: cuticle degrading enzymes and toxins. Advances in botanical research, 40, 241-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2296(05)40006-3
  5. Cytryńska, M., Mak, P., Zdybicka-Barabas, A., Suder, P., & Jakubowicz, T. (2007). Purification and characterization of eight peptides from Galleria mellonella immune hemolymph. Peptides, 28(3), 533-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2006.11.010
  6. Demir, İ., Seçil, E., Demirbağ, Z., & Sevim, A. (2012). Molecular characterization and virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana from Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 2(1), 23-30.
  7. Doss, R. P., Potter, S. W., Chastagner, G. A., & Christian, J. K. (1993). Adhesion of nongerminated Botrytis cinerea conidia to several substrata. Applied and environmental microbiology, 59(6), 1786-1791. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.6.1786- 1791.1993
  8. Dubovskiy, I. M., Whitten, M. M. A., Yaroslavtseva, O. N., Greig, C., Kryukov, V. Y., Grizanova, E. V., Mukherjee, K., Vilcinskas, A., Glupov, V. V., & Butt, T. M. (2013). Can insects develop resistance to insect pathogenic fungi?. PloS one, 8(4), e60248. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060248
  9. El-Saadony, M. T., Sitohy, M. Z., Ramadan, M. F., & Saad, A. M. (2021). Green nanotechnology for preserving and enriching yogurt with biologically available iron (II). Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 69, 102645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102645
  10. Er, A. (2011). Endoparazitoit Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae) Zehiri ve Parazitlemesinin Konak Hemositlerine Etkileri. (Yayınlanmamış, Unpublished ). Doktora Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkesir.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Güner, P., Er, A., Aşkun, T., Deniz Sönmez, G., Engin, İ., & Akdeniz, B. (2026). Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 2026. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1916720
AMA
1.Güner P, Er A, Aşkun T, Deniz Sönmez G, Engin İ, Akdeniz B. Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026;(2026). doi:10.35229/jaes.1916720
Chicago
Güner, Pınar, Aylin Er, Tülin Aşkun, Görkem Deniz Sönmez, İrem Engin, ve Beyza Akdeniz. 2026. “Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count)”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1916720.
EndNote
Güner P, Er A, Aşkun T, Deniz Sönmez G, Engin İ, Akdeniz B (01 Temmuz 2026) Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 2026
IEEE
[1]P. Güner, A. Er, T. Aşkun, G. Deniz Sönmez, İ. Engin, ve B. Akdeniz, “Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count)”, Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.35229/jaes.1916720.
ISNAD
Güner, Pınar - Er, Aylin - Aşkun, Tülin - Deniz Sönmez, Görkem - Engin, İrem - Akdeniz, Beyza. “Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count)”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026 (01 Temmuz 2026). https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1916720.
JAMA
1.Güner P, Er A, Aşkun T, Deniz Sönmez G, Engin İ, Akdeniz B. Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026. doi:10.35229/jaes.1916720.
MLA
Güner, Pınar, vd. “Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count)”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026, Temmuz 2026, doi:10.35229/jaes.1916720.
Vancouver
1.Pınar Güner, Aylin Er, Tülin Aşkun, Görkem Deniz Sönmez, İrem Engin, Beyza Akdeniz. Immune responses of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Beauveria bassiana infection: hemolymph antimicrobial activity and total Hemocyte Count). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 01 Temmuz 2026;(2026). doi:10.35229/jaes.1916720