Araştırma Makalesi

Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye

Sayı: 2026 3 Ekim 2026
Hilal Bedir *, Murat Öztürk , Mükremin Özkan Arslan , Muhammet Mustafa Akıner
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Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences Kapak Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences
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Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye

Öz

Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are invasive container-breeding mosquitoes whose expanding distributions increasingly overlap with resident mosquito species in human-modified environments. In northeastern Türkiye, urban artificial habitats provide a field system in which invasive Aedes species and the resident Culex pipiens may share larval habitats. This study aimed to reveal the field-level structure of larval habitat sharing, habitat occupancy and co-occurrence patterns between invasive Aedes species and the resident Cx. pipiens in the Eastern Black Sea Region between 2014 and 2019. Larval mosquito surveys were conducted in Artvin, Rize and Trabzon provinces during the mosquito-active season from April to October between 2014 and 2019. Larvae were collected from accessible water-holding habitats, morphologically identified to species level, and analysed using sampling site-year records as the basic analytical unit. Annual larval abundance, habitat occupancy and pairwise co-occurrence patterns were evaluated using abundance data and presence–absence matrices. A total of 33.277 larvae belonging to the three species were recorded. Ae. albopictus was the most abundant species, with 18,301 (55%), followed by Cx. pipiens with 13.492 (40.54%) and Ae. aegypti with 1.484 (4.46%). Annual abundance patterns indicated a marked temporal shift in larval community composition; Cx. pipiens dominated early in the study period, whereas Ae. albopictus became numerically dominant from 2016 onwards. Of the 2.142 sampling site-year records examined, 652 were positive for at least one mosquito species. Most positive records contained only a single mosquito species (589, 90.34%), whereas two-species co-occurrence (60, 9.20%) and three-species co-occurrence (3, 0.46%) were observed at much lower frequencies. The most frequent two-species combination was Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, mainly associated with discarded tires and artificial containers. Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens showed limited overlap, while Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens showed no significant pairwise association. These findings indicate that larval mosquito communities in northeastern Türkiye have undergone habitat-mediated temporal restructuring associated with the increasing dominance of Ae. albopictus. Overall, the results highlight the importance of discarded vehicle tires and artificial containers as critical larval habitats for invasive Aedes mosquitoes in the region and support the need for habitat-focused larval surveillance in the Eastern Black Sea Region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens, habitat occupancy, co-occurrence patterns, invasive mosquitoes, artificial containers, Türkiye

Etik Beyan

This study, which we present as an article in the Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, has collected the data and samples used together; that we have conducted or conducted experiments and analyzes in the relevant laboratories; that we have received information from other articles or books completely in the text and bibliography; we declare that we act in accordance with scientific research and ethical rules in the course of the study, and in the case of the contrary, we accept all kinds of legal results. 18/06/2026

Kaynakça

  1. Akıner, M.M., Demirci, B., Babuadze, G., Robert, V., & Schaffner, F. (2016). Spread of the invasive mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea region increases risk of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika outbreaks in Europe. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(4), e0004664. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004664
  2. Akıner, M.M., Öztürk, M., Beriş, F.Ş., Karacaoğlu, Ç., Şimşek, F.M., & Akgeyik Uzun, A.U. (2022). Distribution and molecular differentiation of Culex pipiens complex species in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46(2), 207-219. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3049
  3. Braks, M.A.H., Honório, N.A., Lourenço-de-Oliveira, R., Juliano, S.A., & Lounibos, L.P. (2003). Convergent habitat segregation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in southeastern Brazil and Florida. Journal of Medical Entomology, 40(6), 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-40.6.785
  4. Bursalı, F., Uluğ, D., & Touray, M. (2024). Clash of mosquito wings: Larval interspecific competition among the mosquitoes, Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti reveals complex population dynamics in shared habitats. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 38(4), 462-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12742
  5. Carrieri, M., Bacchi, M., Bellini, R., & Maini, S. (2003). On the competition occurring between Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Italy. Environmental Entomology, 32(6), 1313- 1321. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X- 32.6.1313
  6. Christophers, S.R. (1960). Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito: Its life history, bionomics and structure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  7. Derraik, J.G.B. (2006). A scenario for invasion and dispersal of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Zealand. Journal of Medical Entomology, 43(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/43.1.1
  8. Ergunay, K., Gunay, F., Oter, K., Kasap, O.E., Orsten, S., Akkutay, A.Z., Erdem, H., Ozkul, A., Alten, B., & Ergönül, Ö. (2013). Arboviral surveillance of field-collected mosquitoes reveals circulation of West Nile virus lineage 1 strains in Eastern Thrace, Turkey. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 13(10), 744-752. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2012.1288
  9. Haba, Y., & McBride, L. (2022). Origin and status of Culex pipiens mosquito ecotypes. Current Biology, 32(5), R237-R246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.062
  10. Juliano, S.A., & Lounibos, L.P. (2005). Ecology of invasive mosquitoes: Effects on resident species and on human health. Ecology Letters, 8(5), 558- 574. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461- 0248.2005.00755.x

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Entomoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

3 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

18 Haziran 2026

Kabul Tarihi

14 Eylül 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 2026

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1974166

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA33TB95FF

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex
APA
Bedir, H., Öztürk, M., Arslan, M. Ö., & Akıner, M. M. (2026). Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 2026. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1974166
AMA
1.Bedir H, Öztürk M, Arslan MÖ, Akıner MM. Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026;(2026). doi:10.35229/jaes.1974166
Chicago
Bedir, Hilal, Murat Öztürk, Mükremin Özkan Arslan, ve Muhammet Mustafa Akıner. 2026. “Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1974166.
EndNote
Bedir H, Öztürk M, Arslan MÖ, Akıner MM (01 Ekim 2026) Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 2026
IEEE
[1]H. Bedir, M. Öztürk, M. Ö. Arslan, ve M. M. Akıner, “Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye”, Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.35229/jaes.1974166.
ISNAD
Bedir, Hilal - Öztürk, Murat - Arslan, Mükremin Özkan - Akıner, Muhammet Mustafa. “Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026 (01 Ekim 2026). https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1974166.
JAMA
1.Bedir H, Öztürk M, Arslan MÖ, Akıner MM. Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026. doi:10.35229/jaes.1974166.
MLA
Bedir, Hilal, vd. “Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, sy 2026, Ekim 2026, doi:10.35229/jaes.1974166.
Vancouver
1.Hilal Bedir, Murat Öztürk, Mükremin Özkan Arslan, Muhammet Mustafa Akıner. Larval Co-occurrence and Habitat Occupancy Patterns of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens in Urban Artificial Habitats of Northeastern Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 01 Ekim 2026;(2026). doi:10.35229/jaes.1974166

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