Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types

Aydın Oğuz; Osman Hansu

doi:10.31466/kfbd.1622286

TR EN

BIM-LCA Entegrasyonu Yoluyla Düşük Karbonlu Yapı Stratejileri: Bina Türleri Arasında Çoklu Vaka Değerlendirmesi

Öz

İnşaat sektörü, küresel karbon emisyonlarının yaklaşık %31’ini oluşturarak, çevresel etkilerin azaltılması için entegre dijital stratejilere olan gereksinimi açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, farklı iklimsel bağlamlarda yer alan üç farklı bina türü—ticari ofisler, yüksek katlı konutlar ve endüstriyel depolar—üzerinde Bina Bilgi Modellemesi (BIM) ile Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi’nin (LCA) entegrasyon potansiyelini araştırmaktadır. Gerçek zamanlı çevresel geri bildirimlerin tasarımın erken safhalarına entegre edilmesiyle, BIM-LCA çerçevesi gömülü karbon emisyonlarında %30’a, işletme kaynaklı karbon emisyonlarında ise %36’ya varan azalma sağlamış ve geleneksel proje süreçlerine kıyasla daha üstün bir çevresel performans ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma, bu yöntemin ölçeklenebilirliğini vurgularken, özellikle küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ’ler) açısından yazılım uyumluluğu eksikliği ve bölgeye özgü LCA veri kümelerinin yetersizliği gibi temel uygulama engellerine dikkat çekmektedir. Ayrıca, yapay zekâ (YZ) ve makine öğrenmesi (MÖ) teknolojileri, malzeme seçiminin otomasyonu ve enerji performansının optimizasyonu açısından önemli kolaylaştırıcılar olarak sunulmakta; böylece uyarlanabilir, düşük karbonlu tasarım otomasyonuna yönelik bir yol açılmaktadır. Politika önerileri arasında, yerelleştirilmiş LCA veri tabanlarının geliştirilmesi ve BIM-LCA entegrasyonunu teşvik etmek amacıyla finansal teşviklerin sağlanması yer almaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, net sıfır emisyon hedeflerine katkı sunmakta olup Paris Anlaşması ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefi 13 (İklim Eylemi) ile doğrudan uyumluluk göstermektedir. Gelecekteki araştırmaların, bina yaşam döngüsü boyunca kestirimci modelleme ve gerçek zamanlı karar alma süreçlerini geliştirmeye yönelik YZ-entegre BIM-LCA platformlarına odaklanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BIM–LCA Integration, Low-Carbon Construction, Embodied and Operational Carbon, Multi-Case Building Analysis, Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Design, Net-Zero Carbon Buildings

Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types

Öz

The construction industry accounts for approximately 31% of global carbon emissions, underscoring the need for integrated digital strategies to reduce environmental impacts. This study investigates the potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) integration across three distinct building types—commercial offices, residential high-rises, and industrial warehouses—spanning diverse climatic contexts. By embedding real-time environmental feedback into early design processes, the BIM-LCA framework achieved embodied carbon reductions of up to 30% and operational carbon savings of up to 36%, outperforming conventional project workflows. The study highlights the scalability of this method while identifying critical adoption barriers, including software interoperability and the lack of region-specific LCA datasets, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Importantly, it introduces artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning as key enablers for automating material selection and optimizing energy performance, offering a pathway toward adaptive, low-carbon design automation. Policy recommendations include the development of localized LCA databases and financial incentives for BIM-LCA adoption. The findings contribute to advancing net-zero targets and align with the Paris Agreement and SDG 13. Future research should focus on AI-integrated BIM-LCA platforms to enhance predictive modeling and real-time decision-making across the building lifecycle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BIM–LCA Integration, Low-Carbon Construction, Embodied and Operational Carbon, Multi-Case Building Analysis, Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Design, Net-Zero Carbon Buildings

Kaynakça

Abdelaal, F., Guo, B. H. W., & Dowdell, D. (2022). Comparison of green building rating systems from LCA perspective. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1101(6), 062019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/6/062019
Anand, C. K., & Amor, B. (2017). Recent developments, future challenges, and new research directions in LCA of buildings: A critical review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.058
Arslan, D., Mohammadpourkarbasi, H., & Sharples, S. (2023). Sensitivity analysis of the impact of environmental product declaration values on whole life carbon assessment: A case study using expanded polystyrene insulation for the retrofit of a building in Türkiye. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231221396
Azari, R., & Badri, N. (2021). Life cycle assessment as a research methodology for estimating the environmental impacts of buildings. In R. Azari & H. Rashed-Ali (Eds.), Research methods in building science and technology (pp. 151–173). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73692-7_8
Begum, T. U. S. (2025). Optimizing energy consumption in smart buildings through big data and machine learning. BigDataStream Mining, 1(1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.70023/bdsm.1105
Cabeza, L. F., Rincón, L., Vilariño, V., Pérez, G., & Castell, A. (2014). Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) of buildings and the building sector: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 394–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.037
Chen, Z., Chen, L., Zhou, X., Huang, L., Sandanayake, M., & Yap, P. (2024). Recent technological advancements in BIM and LCA integration for sustainable construction: A review. Sustainability, 16(3), Article 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031340
Crawley, D. B., Lawrie, L. K., Winkelmann, F. C., Buhl, W. F., Huang, Y. J., Pedersen, C. O., Glazer, J. (2001). EnergyPlus: Creating a new-generation building energy simulation program. Energy and Buildings, 33(4), 319–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(00)00114-6
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Danso, A. K., Edwards, D. J., Adjei, E. K., Adjei-Kumi, T., Owusu-Manu, D., Fianoo, S. I., & Thwala, W. (2024). Analysis of the underlying factors affecting BIM–LCA integration in the Ghanaian construction industry: A factor analysis approach. Construction Innovation. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-05-2024-0147

De Wolf, C., Pomponi, F., & Moncaster, A. (2017). Measuring embodied carbon dioxide equivalent of buildings: A review and critique of current industry practice. Energy and Buildings, 140, 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.01.075
Dixit, M. K., Fernández-Solís, J. L., Lavy, S., & Culp, C. H. (2012). Need for an embodied energy measurement protocol for buildings: A review paper. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3730–3743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.021
Doan, D. T., GhaffarianHoseini, A., Naismith, N., Tookey, J., & Sahab, A. R. (2017). A critical comparison of green building rating systems. Building and Environment, 123, 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.07.007
Duru, M. O., & Koç, İ. (2021). Sürdürülebilir yapı üretiminde yaşam döngüsü değerlendirme (LCA) hesaplamalarının yapı bilgi modellemesi (BIM) ile entegrasyonu. STAR Sanat ve Tasarım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 107–121.
Estales, R., & Coley, D. (2025). Towards net-zero futures: Modular Passivhaus design as a solution to meeting national carbon targets for new housing. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244251317000
Fu, C., Yu, W., Wang, Y., Feng, W., & Chen, J. (2024). Low-carbon strategy analysis in a construction supply chain considering government subsidies and contract design. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143326
Gan, V. J. L., Lo, K. K. Y., Chan, C. M., & Cheng, J. C. P. (2019). BIM-based integrated design approach for low carbon green building optimization. In Computing in Civil Engineering 2019 (pp. 438–445). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482421.053
Giesekam, J., Barrett, J. R., & Taylor, P. (2016). Construction sector views on low-carbon building materials. Building Research & Information, 44(4), 423–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1086872
Goedkoop, M., Heijungs, R., Huijbregts, M., De Schryver, A., Struijs, J., & Van Zelm, R. (2009). ReCiPe 2008: A life cycle impact assessment method. The Hague: Ministerie van VROM.
Häkkinen, T., & Belloni, K. (2011). Barriers and drivers for sustainable building. Building Research & Information, 39(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2011.561948
Hansu, O., & Oğuz, A. (2025a). Comparative risk management strategies in urban mega-projects. SETSCI Conference Proceedings, 23, 140–148. https://doi.org/10.36287/setsci.23.59.001
Hansu, O., & Oğuz, A. (2025b). Seismic risk, structural vulnerabilities, and retrofitting solutions. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(3), 1427–1452. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1573919
Herrmann, C., Thiede, S., Kara, S., & Hesselbach, J. (2011). Energy-oriented simulation of manufacturing systems. CIRP Annals, 60(1), 45–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.127
Huang, B., Zhang, H., Ullah, H., & Lv, Y. (2025). BIM-based embodied carbon evaluation during early design stage. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107768
Hussain, M., Zheng, B., Chi, H., & Hsu, S. C. (2023). Automated BIM-based life cycle carbon assessment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 191, 106848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106848
International Organization for Standardization. (2006). ISO 14040: Environmental management—Life cycle assessment—Principles and framework. Geneva: ISO.
Kamari, A., & Schultz, C. (2024). Streamlining BIM-integrated LCA for early-stage carbon assessment. Architecture, Structures and Construction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44150-024-00122-2
Kendirci, M. F., Oğuz, A., & Hansu, O. (2025). Industry 4.0 driven risk management for climate resilient smart cities. SETSCI Conference Proceedings, 23, 247–262. https://doi.org/10.36287/setsci.23.116.001
Keyhani, M., Bahadori-Jahromi, A., & Godfrey, P. B. (2024). A comparative study of BIM-LCA methods. Engineering Future Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.36828/efs.265
Lima, M. S. S., Duarte, S., Exenberger, H., Fröch, G., & Flora, M. (2024). Integrating BIM-LCA to enhance sustainability assessments. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031172
Li, Y., & Shen, M. (2025). How the complexity of knowledge influences carbon lock-in. Sustainability, 17(7), 2985. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072985
Mohan, S., & Vijayalakshmi, J. (2024). Embodied and operational carbon emission. In Embodied and operational carbon in buildings (pp. 1–11). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7187-5_1
Moncaster, A., & Symons, K. (2013). A method and tool for cradle-to-grave embodied carbon assessment. Energy and Buildings, 66, 514–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.046
Muminova, E. A., Ashurov, M., Akhunova, S., & Turgunov, M. (2024). AI in small and medium enterprises. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Communication Systems (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICKECS61492.2024.10616816
Oğuz, A. (2025). A multi-hazard, performance-centered framework for climate-resilient construction management. In E. Özdemir (Ed.), International reviews, research, and studies in civil engineering (pp. 1–24). Ankara: Serüven Yayınevi. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18294569
Oğuz, A., & Hansu, O. (2025a). Circular economy for climate-resilient and sustainable construction. Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 10(3), 138–171. https://doi.org/10.46578/humder.1673599
Oğuz, A., & Hansu, O. (2025b). Climate-adaptive modular micro-living for urban regeneration. SETSCI Conference Proceedings, 23, 149–154. https://doi.org/10.36287/setsci.23.62.001
Oğuz, A., & Hansu, O. (2025c). Evaluating safety training’s role in reducing construction accidents. Karaelmas İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Dergisi, 9(3), 133–156. https://doi.org/10.33720/kisgd.1627168
Parekh, R., & Trabucco, D. (2024). Integrating BIM and LCA for sustainable construction. International Journal of Science and Research Archive. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.1.1772
Ren, H. (2025). Application of BIM technology in green building design. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.54097/3ee27j55
Rodríguez, J. F. F., Picardo, A., Aguilar-Planet, T., Martín-Mariscal, A., & Peralta, E. (2025). Data transfer reliability from BIM to LCA. Sustainability, 17(4), 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041685
Romagnoli, F., Rochas, C., Paoli, R., Owusuansah, A., Odai, C., & Kobel, S. (2024). Carbon footprint of a nearly zero energy building in Accra. https://doi.org/10.7250/conect.2024.038
Suwondo, R., & Keintjem, M. (2024). Embodied carbon reduction strategies for steel structures. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 25, 3215–3223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-023-00973-y
Teng, Y., Xu, J., Pan, W., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Integration of BIM into life cycle assessment. Building and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109260
Toochukwu, A. C. (2025). Integrating BIM for construction lifecycle management. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0125.0621
Turk, Ž., & Klinc, R. (2017). Potentials of blockchain technology for construction management. Procedia Engineering, 196, 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.052
Wang, C., Zhu, M., Zakaria, S. A. S., & Chen, J. (2025). Green building performance prediction under BIM-based construction. Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing, 127b. https://doi.org/10.61091/jcmcc127b-412
Wetter, M. (2011). Co-simulation of building energy and control systems. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 4(3), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2010.518631
Xu, J., Teng, Y., Pan, W., & Zhang, Y. (2022). BIM-integrated LCA for embodied carbon assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 371, 133894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133894
Yang, X., Hu, M., Wu, J., & Zhao, B. (2018). BIM-enabled life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 729–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.070
Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Yüce, M. İ., Oğuz, A., & Ahmed, T. F. M. (2025). Impact of building height on seismic response and sustainability. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(4), 1077–1101. https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1599942

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İnşaat Yapım Mühendisliği, Mimari Mühendislik, İnşaat Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Aydın Oğuz ^*
0009-0003-6124-1844
Türkiye

Osman Hansu
0000-0003-1638-4304
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

9 Şubat 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

17 Ocak 2025

Kabul Tarihi

22 Aralık 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1622286

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA53WH85TM

APA

Oğuz, A., & Hansu, O. (2026). Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 21-51. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1622286

AMA

1.Oğuz A, Hansu O. Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types. KFBD. 2026;16(1):21-51. doi:10.31466/kfbd.1622286

Chicago

Oğuz, Aydın, ve Osman Hansu. 2026. “Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16 (1): 21-51. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1622286.

EndNote

Oğuz A, Hansu O (01 Şubat 2026) Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16 1 21–51.

IEEE

[1]A. Oğuz ve O. Hansu, “Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types”, KFBD, c. 16, sy 1, ss. 21–51, Şub. 2026, doi: 10.31466/kfbd.1622286.

ISNAD

Oğuz, Aydın - Hansu, Osman. “Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16/1 (01 Şubat 2026): 21-51. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1622286.

JAMA

1.Oğuz A, Hansu O. Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types. KFBD. 2026;16:21–51.

MLA

Oğuz, Aydın, ve Osman Hansu. “Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy 1, Şubat 2026, ss. 21-51, doi:10.31466/kfbd.1622286.

Vancouver

1.Aydın Oğuz, Osman Hansu. Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types. KFBD. 01 Şubat 2026;16(1):21-5. doi:10.31466/kfbd.1622286

Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisinde yayınlanan makaleler Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International kapsamında lisanslanmıştır.

BIM-LCA Entegrasyonu Yoluyla Düşük Karbonlu Yapı Stratejileri: Bina Türleri Arasında Çoklu Vaka Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Low-Carbon Construction Strategies through BIM-LCA Integration: A Multi-Case Evaluation across Building Types

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster