Girişimci Liderlik, Öğretmen Girişimciliği ve Pozitif Psikolojik Sermaye: Eğitim Örgütlerinde Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli Sınaması

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 60, 337 - 366, 15.01.2024

Rıza Akkaya Münevver Çetin

https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1196728

Öz

Girişimci liderlik, öğretmen girişimciliği ve pozitif psikolojik sermaye kavramlarını içeren bu araştırmada, öğretmen algılarına dayalı olarak girişimci okul liderliği ile öğretmen girişimciliği arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek, öğretmenlerin algılanan pozitif psikolojik sermayelerinin bu ilişkide aracılık rolü olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Pendik ilçesindeki resmi okullarda görev yapan 1200 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Yapısal eşitlik modeli ve aracılık testlerinin kullanıldığı bu nicel araştırmanın verileri, Girişimci Liderlik Ölçeği, Girişimci Öğretmen Davranışları Ölçeği ve Pozitif Psikolojik Sermaye Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar okul liderlerinin yönetim süreçlerinde ortalamanın üzerinde girişimci liderlik davranışları sergilediklerini, okul liderlerinin sergiledikleri bu girişimci davranışlarının öğretmen girişimciliğini ve öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermaye algılarını pozitif yönde anlamlı şekilde yordadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca girişimci liderlik ile öğretmen girişimciliği arasındaki ilişkide öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermaye algılarının aracı role sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda oluşturulan model öğretmen girişimciliğindeki değişimin yaklaşık %55’ini açıklamaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen kanıtlar doğrultusunda yeni bir liderlik anlayışı olarak değerlendirilen girişimci liderlik ile öğretmen girişimciliği ve pozitif psikolojik sermaye konularında okul liderleri ve öğretmenlere yönelik farkındalık ve geliştirme eğitimlerinin düzenlenmesi, girişimci liderlik ile farklı değişkenlerin (örgütsel sinerji, örgütsel sinizm vb.) ve aracıların (iş doyumu, kontrol odağı, vb.) ele alındığı çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

girişimcilik, liderlik, girişimci liderlik, okul liderliği, öğretmen girişimciliği, pozitif psikolojik sermaye

Teşekkür

Pendik ilçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü, Pendik Kaymakamlığı

Entrepreneurial Leadership, Teacher Entrepreneurship and Positive Psychological Capital: A Structural Equation Model Test

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial school leadership and teacher entrepreneurship based on teacher perceptions and to reveal whether teachers' perceived positive psychological capital plays a mediating role in this relationship. The participants of the study consisted of 1200 teachers working in public schools in Pendik district of Istanbul in the 2020-2021 academic year. The data of this quantitative study, in which structural equation modeling and mediation tests were used, were obtained using the Entrepreneurial Leadership Scale, Entrepreneurial Teacher Behaviors Scale and Positive Psychological Capital Scale. The results obtained from the research show that school leaders exhibit entrepreneurial leadership behaviors above the average in management processes, and that these entrepreneurial behaviors exhibited by school leaders significantly predict teacher entrepreneurship and teachers' perceptions of positive psychological capital in a positive direction. Furthermore, it was found that teachers' perceived positive psychological capital played a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and teacher entrepreneurship. The model created in this context explains about 55% of the change in teacher entrepreneurship. In line with the evidence obtained from the research, it is recommended to organize awareness and development trainings for school leaders and teachers on entrepreneurial leadership, which is considered as a new leadership approach, teacher entrepreneurship and positive psychological capital, and to conduct studies on entrepreneurial leadership and different variables and mediators.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurship, Leadership, School leadership, Teacher entrepreneurship, Positive psychological capital

Kaynakça

• Akbaşlı, S. ve Diş, O. (2019). Öğretmen görüşleri doğrultusunda lider okul yöneticilerinin yeterlikleri. Uluslararası Liderlik Çalışmaları Dergisi: Kuram ve Uygulama, 2(2), 86-102.
• Akbari, M., Bagheri, A., Imani, S. ve Asadnezhad, M. (2021), Does entrepreneurial leadership encourage innovation work behavior? The mediating role of creative self-efficacy and support for innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(1), 1-22.
• Akkaya, R. (2021). Girişimci liderlik, öğretmen girişimciliği ve pozitif psikolojik sermaye: Eğitim örgütlerinde bir karma desen araştırması [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
• Akkaya, R. ve Çetin M. (2022). Girişimci öğretmen davranışları ölçeği: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 51(234), 1473-1490.
• Allen, J., Jimmieson, N. L., Bordia, P. ve Irmer, B. E. (2007). Uncertainty during organizational change: Managing perceptions through communication. Journal of Change Management, 7(2), 187-210.
• Ariyani, D. (2021). Principal's innovation and entrepreneurial leadership to establish a positive learning environment. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 63-74.
• Ariyani, D. & Zuhaery, M. (2021). Principal's Innovation and Entrepreneurial Leadership to Establish a Positive Learning Environment. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 63-74.
• Ariyani, D., Suyatno, & Zuhaery, XM. (2021). Principal's innovation and entrepreneurial leadership to establish a positive learning environment. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.1.63
• Aslan, H. (2020). Algılanan örgütsel desteğin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisinde psikolojik sermayenin aracılık rolü. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 1452-1469.
• Atış, D. (2020). Okul etkililiği ve pozitif psikolojik sermaye ilişkilerine ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Anadolu Üniversitesi.
• Bagheri, A., Newman, A. ve Eva, N. (2020). Entrepreneurial leadership of CEO’s and employees’ innovative behavior in high-technology new ventures. Journal of Small Business Management, 1-23.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall.
• Britchenko, I., Smerichevskyi, S. ve Kryvovyazyuk, I. (2018). Transformation of entrepreneurial leadership in the 21st century: Prospects for the future. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 217(2), 114-121.
• Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
• Brauckmann, S. S. ve Pashiardis, P. (2020). Entrepreneurial leadership in schools: Linking creativity with accountability. International Journal of Leadership in Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1804624
• Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with Amos: Basic concepts, applications and Programming (3rd Editio.). Routledge.
• Brown, D. J. (2018). In the minds of followers: Follower-centric approaches to leadership. J. Antonakis ve D. V. Day (Ed.), The nature of leadership (ss. 82–108) içinde. Sage Publications, Inc.
• Borasi, R. ve Finnigan, K. (2010). Entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors that can help prepare successful change-agents in education. The New Educator, 6(1), 1-29.
• Cohen, A. R. (2004). Building a company of leaders. Leader to Leader, 2004(34), 16-20.
• Covin, J. G. ve Slevin, D. P. (2002). The entrepreneurial imperatives of strategic leadership. M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, S. M. Camp ve D. L. Sexton (Ed.), Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset (ss. 309-327) içinde. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers.
• Culatta, R. (2019). Creating a shared vision. Educational Leadership, 76(5), 26-29.
• Cunningham, J. B. ve Lischeron, J. (1991). Defining entrepreneurship. Journal of small business management, 29(1), 45-61.
• Cunningham, J. B. ve Lischeron, J. (1993). Entrepreneurship: Some popular impressions and new information. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 46-50.
• Çakmak, M. S. ve Arabacı, İ. B. (2017). Öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermaye algılarının iş doyumları ve örgütsel bağlılıkları üzerindeki etkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(62), 890-909.
• Çetin, F. ve Basım, H. N. (2012). Örgütsel psikolojik sermaye: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.
• Çetin, M. ve Tanoba, T. Okullarda Otantik Liderlik ve Psikolojik Sermaye İlişkisi. Eğitim Yönetimi ve Politikaları Dergisi, 1(2), 8-19.
• Day, C., Sammons, P. ve Gorgen, K. (2020). Successful school leadership. Education Development Trust. Darling, J. R. ve Beebe, S. A. (2007). Enhancing entrepreneurial leadership: A focus on key communication priorities. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 20(2), 151-167.
• Demircioğlu, M. A. ve Chowdhury, F. (2021). Entrepreneurship in public organizations: The role of leadership behavior. Small Business Economics, 57(3), 1107-1123.
• DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications. Los Angeles: Sage. Drobnič, S. (2015). Literature review: Entrepreneurial school leadership. Research Centre For Learning and Teaching, Newcastle University.
• Dollinger, M.J. (2008). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and resources (4th Editio.). Marsh Publication. Earley, P. ve Weindling, D. (2004) Understanding School Leadership. Paul Chapman.
• Eggers, J. H. ve Leahy, K. T. (1995). Entrepreneurial leadership. Business Quarterly, 59(4), 71-76. Escortell, R., Baquero, A., Delgado, B.ve Wright, L. T. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on the job satisfaction of internal employees and outsourced workers. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1), 1-15.
• Eyal, O. ve Inbar, D.E. (2003). Developing a public school entrepreneurship inventory: Theoretical conceptualization and empirical examination. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 9(6), 221-244.
• Fontana, A. ve Musa, S. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurial leadership on innovation management and its measurement validation. International Journal of Innovation Science, 9(1), 2-19.
• Forza, C. ve Filippini, R. (1998). TQM impact on quality conformance and customer satisfaction: A causal model. International Journal of Production Economics, 55(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00007-3
• Filion, L.J. (2011). Defining the entrepreneur. L. P. Dana (Ed.), World encyclopedia ofentrepreneurship içinde. Edward Elgar.
• Gardner, W. L., Avolio, B. J., Luthans, F., May, D. R. ve Walumbwa, F. (2005). Can you see the real me?: A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 343-372. Gürbüz, S. (2019). Amos ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (1. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri (1. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Gooty, J., Gavin, M., Johnson, P. D., Frazier, M. L. ve Snow, D. B. (2009). In the eyes of the beholder: Transformational leadership, positive psychological capital, and performance. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(4), 353-367.
• Gökçe, A. T. & Uslu, Ö. F. (2018). İlkokullarda okul müdürlerinin mali kaynak gerektiren ihtiyaçları karşılama yolları. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 315-334.
• Hallinger, P. ve Heck, R. (2002). What do you call people with visions? The role of vision, mission and goals in school improvement. In K., Leithwood, et al., (Eds.), The second international handbook of educational leadership and administration. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
• Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford University Press.
• Harrison, C., Paul, S. ve Burnard, K. (2016). Entrepreneurial leadership: A systematic literature review. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 255-264.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis. Hampshire: Cengage. Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication monographs, 76(4), 408-420.
• Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
• Hayes, A. F. ve Rockwood, N. J. (2017). Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 98, 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.001
• Hayter, C. S., Link, A. N. ve Scott, J. T. (2018). Public-sector entrepreneurship. Oxford review of economic policy, 34(4), 676-694.
• Helvaci, M. A. ve Özkaya, Y. (2020). Relationship between entrepreneurial leadership behaviors of school administrators and organizational Culture. European Journal of Education Studies, 6(11), 17-32.
• Hentschke, G. C. (2009). Entrepreneurial leadership. B. Davies (Ed.), The Essentials of School Leadership (2nd Editio, ss. 147–165) içinde. SAGE Publications.
• Hentschke, G. C. (2010). Developing entrepreneurial leaders. B. Davies ve M. Brundrett (Ed.), Developing Successful Leadership (ss. 115-132) içinde. Springer.
• Heracleous, L. (1998). Strategic thinking or strategic planning?. Long range planning, 31(3), 481-487.
• Hitt, D. H., Woodruff, D., Meyers, C. V. ve Zhu, G. (2018). Principal competencies that make a difference: Identifying a model for leaders of school turnaround. Journal of School Leadership, 28(1), 56-81.
• Ho, M. C. S. (2018). Conceptualizing teachers’ entrepreneurial behavior: An exploratory review. International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 6(1), 14-28.
• Ho, C. S. M., Lu, J. ve Bryant, D. A. (2020). The impact of teacher entrepreneurial behaviour: A timely investigation of an emerging phenomenon. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(6), 697-712.
• Hörnqvist, M. L. ve Leffler, E. (2014). Fostering an entrepreneurial attitude challenging in principal leadership. Education & Training, 56(6), 551-561.
• Hu, L. T. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi. org/10.1080/107.055.19909540118
• Huber, S. G., Muijs, D. (2010). School leadership effectiveness: The growing insight in the importance of school leadership for the quality and development of schools and their pupils. Huber S. (Ed.), School Leadership - International Perspectives. Studies in Educational Leadership içinde. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3501-1-4
• Karcıoğlu, F. ve Yücel, İ. (2004). Aile işletmeleri açısından girişimci liderlik ve önemi: Etso’ya bağlı aile işletmelerinde bir uygulama. 1. Aile İşletmeleri Kongresi Kongre Kitabı (s.415-423). İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Kearney, C. (2020). Entrepreneurial Leadership and Its Impact on the Emergence of Entrepreneurial Ventures. V. Ramadani, R. Palalic, L. P. Dana, N. Krueger ve A. Caputo (Ed.), Organizational Mindset of Entrepreneurship (pp. 9-24) içinde. Springer.
• Keddie, A., Gobby, B. ve Wilkins, C. (2018). School autonomy reform in Queensland: governance, freedom and the entrepreneurial leader. School Leadership & Management, 38(4), 378-394.
• Keyhani, N. ve Kim, M. S. (2020). A systematic literature review of teacher entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127420917355
• Khuwaja, U., Ahmed, K., Abid, G. ve Adeel, A. (2020). Leadership and employee attitudes: The mediating role of perception of organizational politics. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1–21
• Kim, M.Y., Park, S.M. and Miao, Q. (2017), Entrepreneurial Leadership and Organizational Innovation: Improving Attitudes and Behaviors of Chinese Public Employees BT - Public Service Innovations in China, in Jing, Y. and Osborne, S.P. (Eds), Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 151-184, doi: 10. 1007/978-981-10-1762-9_8.
• Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
• Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th Editio.). Guilford.
• Kuratko, D. F. (2007). Entrepreneurial leadership in the 21st century. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(4), 1–11.
• Kuratko, D. F. ve Hodgetts, R. M. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, practice (7th Editio.). Thomson South-Western, Mason, OH.
• Kuratko, D. F. ve Hornsby, J. S. (1999). Corporate entrepreneurial leadership for the 21st century. Journal of Leadership Studies, 5(2), 27-39.
• Leithwood, K., Harris, A. ve Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School leadership & management, 40(1), 5-22.
• Lei, H., Leaungkhamma, L. ve Le, P.B. (2020). How transformational leadership facilitates innovation capability: The mediating role of employees' psychological capital, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(4), 481-499.
• Leonard, J. (2013). Innovation in the schoolhouse: Entrepreneurial leadership in education. R&L Education. Liedtka, J. M. (1998). Strategic thinking: can it be taught?. Long range planning, 31(1), 120-129.
• Lima, L. G. D., Nassif, V. M. J. ve Garçon, M. M. (2020). The power of psychological capital: The strength of beliefs in entrepreneurial behavior. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 24(4), 317-334.
• Lippitt, G. L. (1987). Entrepreneurial leadership: A performing art. Journal of Creative Behavior, 2(3), 264-270. Lunenburg, F. C. ve Ornstein, A. C. (2013). Eğitim yönetimi [Educational administration] (G. Arastaman, Çev.). Nobel Yayıncılık (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 2012).
• Luthans, F. (2002). Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Perspectives, 16(1), 57-72.
• Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M. ve Combs, G. M. (2006). Psychological capital development: Toward a micro‐intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology & Behavior, 27(3), 387-393.
• Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J. ve Peterson, S. J. (2010). The development and resulting performance impact of positive psychological capital. Human resource development quarterly, 21(1), 41-67.
• Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., (2014) Brief summary of psychological capital and introduction to the special Issue, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 21(1), 125-129.
• Luthans, F. ve Avolio, B. J. (2003). Authentic leadership: A positive developmental approach. K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton ve R. E. Quinn (Ed.), Positive organizational scholarship (ss. 241 – 261) içinde. Barrett-Koehler.
• Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B. ve Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 60(3), 541-572.
• Luthans, F., Jensen, S. M. (2002). Hope: A new positive strength for human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 1(3), 304–322.
• Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W. ve Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45–50.
• Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C. ve Chaffin, T. D. (2019). Akademik performansta cesaretin iyileştirilmesi: Psikolojik sermayenin aracı rolü. Yönetim Eğitimi Dergisi, 43(1), 35-61.
• Mas, S. R., Masaong, A. K., & Suking, A. (2021). School Principal Entrepreneurial Competency Development Model to Optimize Generating Production Unit Income. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(5), 109-109.
• MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M. ve Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate behavioral research, 39(1), 99-128.
• Masten, A. S. ve Reed, M-G. J. (2002). Resilience in development. C.R. Snyder, ve S. Lopez (Ed.), Handbook of Positive Psychology, (ss.74- 88) içinde. Oxford University Press.
• McGrath, R.G. ve MacMillan, I. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset. Harvard Business School Press. Miller, P. W. (2018). The nature of school leadership. Springer International Publishing.
• Musa, S. ve Fontana, A. (2014). Measuring entrepreneurial leadership in innovation management. The ISPIM Asia Pacific Innovation Forum, Singapore.
• Mombourquette, C. (2017). The role of vision in effective school leadership. International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM)), 45(1), 19-36.
• Neto, R. D. C. A., Picanço, R. V., Campbell, K., Polega, M. ve Ochsankehl, T. (2020). Teamwork and entrepreneurial behavior among K-12 teachers in the United States. The Educational Forum, 84(2), 179-193. Neto, R. D. C. A., Rodrigues, V. P. ve Panzer, S. (2017). Exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and teachers' job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63(1), 254-262.
• Neto, R. D. C. A., Rodrigues, V. P., Stewart, D., Xiao, A. ve Snyder, J. (2018). The influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial behavior among K-12 teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 72(1), 44-53.
• Newman, A., Herman, H. M., Schwarz, G. ve Nielsen, I. (2018). The effects of employees' creative self-efficacy on innovative behavior: The role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 89, 1-9. Norqvist, L. ve Ärlestig, H. (2020). Systems thinking in school organizations–perspectives from various leadership levels. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(1), 77-93.
• Oplatka, I. (2014). Understanding teacher entrepreneurship in the globalized society: Some lessons from self-starter Israeli school teachers in road safety education. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 8(1), 20-33.
• Önay, I., Ayas, S., Uğurlu, Ö. Y. ve Önay, M. B. (2017). Psikolojik sermaye ile girişimcilik niyeti ilişkisi. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 3(3), 55-66.
• Özkan, O. S. ve Tosun, B. (2020). Psikolojik sermaye-İç girişimcilik ilişkisinde kişi-örgüt uyumunun aracı rolü. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(2), 326-345.
• Özkan, Z ve Güven, S. (2019). İlköğretim okul müdürlerinin risk, risk durumları ve risk yönetim yaklaşımlarına ilişkin görüşleri. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 6(44), 3644-3665.
• Özkaya, Y. (2019). Okul yöneticilerinin girişimci liderlik davranışları ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Uşak Üniversitesi.
• Pashiardis, P., Savvides, V., Lytra, E. ve Angelidou, K. (2011). Successful school leadership in rural contexts: The case of Cyprus. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39(5), 536-553.
• Pang, N. S. K. ve Pisapia, J. (2012). The strategic thinking skills of Hong Kong school leaders: Usage and effectiveness. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 40(3), 343-361.
• Player, D., Youngs, P., Perrone, F. ve Grogan, E. (2017). How principal leadership and person-job fit are associated with teacher mobility and attrition. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67(1), 330-339.
• Pir, Ö. E. (2019). Current and effective leadership model: Entrepreneur leadership. Z. Gölen ve A. Temizer (Ed.), Academic Studies in Social, Human and Administrative Sciences (2019/2) içinde. Ivpe.
• Pisapia, J., Reyes-Guerra, D. ve Coukos-Semmel, E. (2005). Developing the leader’s strategic mindset: Establishing the measures. Leadership Review, 5(1), 41-68.
• Pont, B. (2020). A literature review of school leadership policy reforms. European Journal of Education, 55(2), 154-168.
• Ranjan, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial leadership: A review of measures, antecedents, outcomes and moderators. Asian Social Science, 14(12), 104-114.
• Renko, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial leadership. In J. Antonakis ve D. V. Day (Ed.). The nature of leadership, Forthcoming (3rd ed.) içinde. Sage Publications.
• Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L. ve Brännback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of small business Management, 53(1), 54-74.
• Rhodes, C. ve Brundrett, M. (2009). Leadership development and school improvement. Educational Review, 61(4), 361-374.
• Röschke, A. (2018). Entrepreneurial Leadership [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. University of St. Gallen. Schumpeter, J. (1983). The theory of economic development (R. Opie, Çev.). (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1934). Transaction Publishers.
• Schumacker, R. E. ve Lomax, R. G. (2016). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (4th Editio.). Routledge.
• Shaked, H. ve Schechter, C. (2020). Systems thinking leadership: New explorations for school improvement. Management in Education, 34(3), 107-114.
• Shaked, H. ve Schechter, C. (2014). Systems school leadership: Exploring an emerging construct. Journal of Educational Administration. 52(6), 792-811.
• Siilasmaa, R. (2019). Entrepreneurial leadership: A new approach to strategy when you can´t plan for predictability. Leader to Leader, 19(92), 32-36.
• Snyder, C. R., Irving, L. M. ve Anderson, J. R. (1991). Hope and health. Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective, 162(1), 285-305.
• Subramaniam, R. ve Shankar, R. K. (2020). Three mindsets of entrepreneurial leaders. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 29(1), 7-37.
• Surie, G. ve Ashley, A. (2008). Integrating pragmatism and ethics in entrepreneurial leadership for sustainable value creation. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 235-246.
• Şahin, G. (2020). Öğretmenleri kişilik özellikleri ile atılganlıkları arasındaki ilişkide pozitif psikolojik sermayelerinin aracı rolü [Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
• Tan, C. Y., Gao, L. ve Shi, M. (2020). Second-order meta-analysis synthesizing the evidence on associations between school leadership and different school outcomes. Educational Management Administration and Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220935456
• Tang, J. J. (2020). Psychological capital and entrepreneurship sustainability. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(1), 866-973.
• Thessin, R. A. ve Louis, K. S. (2019). Supervising school leaders in a rapidly changing World. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(5), 434-444.
• Tobin, J. (2014). Management and leadership issues for school building leaders. NCPEA International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 9, 1-14.
• Tösten, R. ve Özgan, H. (2017). Öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermayelerine ilişkin algılarının incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(62), 867-889.
• Tyler, D. E. (2016). Communication Behaviors of Principals at High Performing Title I Elementary Schools in Virginia: School Leaders, Communication, and Transformative Efforts. Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership, 2(2), 2-16.
• Üstün, M. ve Bostancı, A.B. (2021). The relationships between the informal communication levels in school and the psychological capital of the teachers. European Journal of Educations Studies, 8(2), 152-180. Van Dam, K., Schipper, M. ve Runhaar, P. (2010). Developing a competency-based framework for teachers’ entrepreneurial behaviour. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 965-971.
• Varlık, S. Günbayı, İ. (2019). Kurumsal Aidiyet ile Girişimcilik Arasındaki İlişkide: Yönetsel Yeterliliğin Aracılık Rolü. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(3), 1559-1580.
• Walsch, D. N. (2017). Dünya hızla değişiyor ya sen? (E. F. İsimci, Çev.). Kuraldışı Yayınları.
• Wang, Y., Liu, J. ve Zhu, Y. (2018). How does humble leadership promote follower creativity? The roles of psychological capital and growth need strength. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 39(4), 507-521.
• Woods, P. A., Woods, G. J. ve Gunter, H. (2007). Academy schools and entrepreneurialism in education. Journal of Education Policy, 22(2), 237-259.
• Wong, C. P. ve Ng, D. (2020). The roles of school leaders in developing future-ready learners: The case of Singapore. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(1), 249-269.
• Yemini, M., Addi-Raccah, A., Katarivas, K. (2015). I have a dream: School principals as entrepreneurs. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(4), 526–540.
• Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Seçkin. Yıldırım, İ. ve Tösten, R. (2020). Öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermaye algıları ile mesleki adanmışlıklarının incelenmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (36), 10-17.
• Yolcu, U. İ. (2017). Girişimcilik ve liderliğe farklı bir bakış: Girişimci liderlik. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 60(1), 182-195.