Working with Resistance in Therapy: A Theoretical Evaluation

Yıl 2021, , 481 - 495, 30.03.2021

Neslihan Yaman

https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.835243

Cited By: 2

Öz

Clients sometimes have difficulties to express themselves in therapy or may resist the therapy process. There are many reasons of clients’ who have difficulties to express themselves and resist in counselling sessions. Understanding the resistance of the client can be useful to understand the therapeutic relationship, the causes of resistance and other problems it creates, or to motivate the client with the help of interventions. In this context, this study focus on to investigate client resistant within general definitions considering the counselling approaches. As a result of the research, it was determined that the resistance of the clients in therapy is clustered around the concepts of “maintaining the problems—denial and distortion of experience”, “coping process”, “to share or not to share: counsellor self-disclosure”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychological Counselling, Resistance, Self-defence, Denial, Distortion

Terapide Dirençle Çalışmak: Teorik Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Danışanlar bazen terapide kendilerini ifade etmekte zorlanabilir ya da terapiye karşı direnç gösterebilir. Danışmanlık seanslarında kendilerini ifade etmekte güçlük çeken, direnç gösteren danışanların birçok nedeni vardır. Danışanın direncini anlamak, terapötik ilişkiyi, direncin nedenlerini ve oluşturduğu diğer problemleri anlamak ya da müdahaleler yardımıyla danışanı motive etmek için faydalı olabilir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma danışan direncini genel tanımlar içinde danışma yaklaşımları dikkate alınarak araştırmaya odaklanmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda danışanların terapideki direncinin “problemleri sürdürme-deneyimin reddi ve çarpıtılması”, “başa çıkma süreci”, “paylaşma ya da paylaşmama: danışman kendini ifade etme" kavramları etrafında kümelendiği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikolojik Danışmanlık, Direnç,, Öz Savunma, İnkar, Çarpıtma

Kaynakça

• Beutler, L. E., Harwood, T. M., Michelson, A., Song, X., & Holman, J. Resistance/ reactance level. In: J. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Bloomgarden, A.& Mennuti, R. B. (2009). Psychotherapist revealed: therapists speak about self-disclosure in therapy. New York: Routledge.
• Borkovec, T. D., Newman, N. G., Pincus, A. L., & Lytle, R. (2002). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and the role of interpersonal problems. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 70, 288–298.
• Clarke, S., Kingston, J., Wilson, K. G., Bolderston, H. and Remington, B. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy for a heterogeneous group of treatment-resistant clients: A treatment development study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 560-572.
• Dent, E. & Goldberg S. (1999). Challenging “resistance to change”. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 35(1): 25–41.
• Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S. D., Dobson, K. S., Schmaling, K. B., Kohlenberg, R. J., Addis, M. E. & Jacobson, N. S. (2006). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(4).
• Dryden, W. & Mytton, J. (1999). Four approaches to counselling and psychotherapy. New York: Routledge.
• Edwards, C., & Murdock, N. (1994). Characteristics of therapist self-disclosure in the counseling process. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72(4), 384–389.
• Engle, D. E., & Arkowitz, H. (2006). Ambivalence in psychotherapy: Facilitating readiness to change. New York: Guilford Press.
• Farber, B. A. (2006). Self-disclosure in psychotherapy. New York: Gilford Press.
• Gillon, E. (2007). Person-centred counselling psychology: An introduction. London: Sage Publications.
• Kottler, J. A. (2003). On being a therapist. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Layden, M. A., Newman, C. F., Freeman, A., & Morse, S. B. (1993). Cognitive therapy of borderline personality disorder. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
• Lazarus, A.A. (1997) Brief but comprehensive psychotherapy: The multimodal way. New York: Springer.
• Lipinska, D. (2009). Person-Centred Counselling for People with Dementia: Making sense of self. London; Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
• Mathews, B. (1989). The use of therapist self-disclosure and its potential impact on the therapeutic process. Journal of Human Behavior and Learning, 6(2), 25–29.
• Miller, W. R., Benefield, R. G., & Tonigan, J. S. (1993). Enhancing motivation for change in problem drinking: a controlled comparison of two therapist styles. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 455-461.
• Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
• Milman, D. S., & Goldman, G. D. (Eds.). (1987). Techniques of working with resistance. Jason Aronson.
• Moyers, T. B., & Rollnick, S. (2002). A motivational interviewing perspective on resistance in psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(2), 185-193.
• Newman, C. F. (1994). Understanding client resistance: Methods for enhancing motivation to change. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 1, 47–69.
• Patterson, G. R., & Forgatch, M. S. (1985). Therapist behavior as a determinant for client noncompliance: a paradox for the behavior modifier. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 846-851.
• Piderit, S. (2000). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: A multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 25/4: 783–794.
• Preston D. L. & Murphy S. (1997). Motivating treatment-resistant clients in therapy. Forum on Corrections Research, 9, (2), p. 39-43.
• Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centred therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory. London: Constable.
• Rogers, C. R. (1959) ‘A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centred framework’, in S. Koch (ed.), Psychology: a Study of Science, Vol. III. Formulations of the Person and the Social Context. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 184–256.
• Sharry, J. & Owens, C. (2000). ‘The rules of Engagement’: A case study of a group with ‘angry’ adolescents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry.5(1): 53-62.
• Watson, J. C., & McMullen, E. J. (2005). An examination of therapist and client behavior in high and low alliance sessions in cognitive-behavioral therapy and process experiential therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice and Training, 42, 297-310.
• Westbrook, D., & Kirk, J. (2005). The clinical effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy: Outcome for a large sample of adults treated in routine practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(10), 1243–1261.
• Westra, H. A., & Arkowitz, H. (2010). Combining motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy to increase treatment efficacy for generalized anxiety disorder. In D. Sookman, & B. Leahy (Eds.), Resolving treatment impasses with resistant anxiety disorders (pp. 199-232). Routledge. Yalom, I. D. (2002). The gift of therapy: An open letter to a new generation of therapist and their patients. New York: HarperCollins.