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Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 18 Temmuz 2026
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Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells

Öz

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by oxidative stress, persistent inflammatory signaling, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The present study investigated the phytochemical composition and anti-psoriatic potential of the methanolic bark extract of Nerium oleander. The phytochemical profile of the extract was characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TOAC) assays, while anti-glycation activity was assessed through inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. ECM-protective activity was determined by collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition assays. Molecular effects were further investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes using Western blotting, gelatin zymography, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. UHPLC–HRMS analysis revealed 70 phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, coumarins, and cardenolides. The extract exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with TOAC increasing from 65.36% to 81.27% and FRAP increasing from 48.21% to 65.25%. AGE formation was inhibited by up to 99.54%, while collagenase inhibition reached 90.55%. The extract also exhibited marked elastase and hyaluronidase inhibitory activities. In LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells, treatment with the extract suppressed receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities were reduced, while B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-XL) expression levels decreased and p53 expression was restored. These findings demonstrate that N. oleander bark extract exerts multitarget anti-psoriatic effects by modulating oxidative stress, AGE-RAGE/NF-κB signaling, inflammatory cytokine production, ECM remodeling, and apoptosis-related pathways, supporting its potential as a phytotherapeutic candidate for psoriasis management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nerium oleander, psoriasis, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, phytotherapy

Etik Beyan

This study did not involve any human participants or animals. Therefore, ethics committee approval was not required.

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

APA
Kurt Celep, İ. (2026). Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, 9(2), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1963431
AMA
1.Kurt Celep İ. Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature. 2026;9(2):173-191. doi:10.35206/jan.1963431
Chicago
Kurt Celep, İnci. 2026. “Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 9 (2): 173-91. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1963431.
EndNote
Kurt Celep İ (01 Temmuz 2026) Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 9 2 173–191.
IEEE
[1]İ. Kurt Celep, “Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells”, Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, c. 9, sy 2, ss. 173–191, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.35206/jan.1963431.
ISNAD
Kurt Celep, İnci. “Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 9/2 (01 Temmuz 2026): 173-191. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1963431.
JAMA
1.Kurt Celep İ. Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature. 2026;9:173–191.
MLA
Kurt Celep, İnci. “Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, c. 9, sy 2, Temmuz 2026, ss. 173-91, doi:10.35206/jan.1963431.
Vancouver
1.İnci Kurt Celep. Therapeutic Effects of Nerium oleander Bark Extract on Psoriatic Inflammation and ECM Damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature. 01 Temmuz 2026;9(2):173-91. doi:10.35206/jan.1963431