Comparative Study of Handheld and Head-Mounted Displays in Early Phases of Design Using Spatial Computing Environment for Mass Study
Abstract
This research investigates the ergonomics and effectiveness of spatial computing (SC) systems in the early stages of architectural design. SC encompasses advanced digital tools such as augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (XR), facilitating interaction with both physical and digital environments. We developed an SC application serving as a spatial interface, enabling designers to access and manipulate virtual and physical design models simultaneously. Our study involved twelve experiments comparing two types of SC systems: handheld interfaces (Samsung tablet) and head-mounted displays (Magic Leap). The findings revealed that architects using head-mounted displays and controllers experienced greater control and more precise perception of their designs compared to those using handheld devices. Additionally, architects reported higher engagement levels with head-mounted displays. The study highlights the potential of SC technologies to enhance architectural design processes, emphasizing the advantages of head-mounted displays in improving interaction, control, and engagement in hybrid design environments. This research fills a gap in the literature by providing a comparative analysis of handheld and head-mounted SC technologies, offering insights into their impact on designer behavior and the efficacy of spatial interfaces during the early design phases. The results underscore the importance of integrating advanced SC technologies to bridge the gap between abstract concepts and tangible architectural solutions, ultimately enhancing the design process and stakeholder communication.
Ethical Statement
Regarding the data collection process, the ethics committee approval was taken from ITU, Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee (Decision number: İTU SB-INAREK PN:134).
Supporting Institution
This study was funded by İstanbul Technical University. The project number is MGA-2019-42289. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Project Number
MGA-2019-42289
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Virtual and Mixed Reality, Information Technology in Design |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | MGA-2019-42289 |
| Submission Date | May 22, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | November 12, 2025 |
| Early Pub Date | December 16, 2025 |
| Publication Date | January 8, 2026 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Issue: 6 |
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Only necessary illustrations should be included. All illustrations (line drawings and photographs) are classified as figures. Figures should be cited in consecutive order in the text. Figures should be sized to fit within the column or the full text width. Line figures should be supplied as sharp, black and white or colour diagrams, drawn with a computer graphics package. Photographs should be sharp, and magnifications should be indicated on photographs using a scale bar. Graphics should be supplied as high-resolution (at least 300 DPI ) electronic files. Digital images supplied at low resolution cannot be used and will not be accepted. The legend should incorporate definitions of any symbols used, and all abbreviations and units of measurement should be explained so that the figure can be understood without reference to the text.
Abbreviations and Units
SI units, as outlined in the latest edition of Units, Symbols and Abbreviations: A Guide for Medical and Scientific Editors and Authors (Royal Society of Medicine Press, London), should be used wherever possible. Statistics and measurements should always be given in figures, except where the number begins the sentence. When the number does not refer to a unit measurement, it is spelled out, except where the number is greater than nine. Use only standard abbreviations. The word Figure should be shortened to Fig unless starting a sentence.
Online Submission
You can submit your prepared manuscript using our online submission system, which you can access using the link given below.
Submit your Article by clicking or using the link https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/3720/submission/step/manuscript/new
Licensing Agreement
CC BY license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Review Process
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jmv/page/14606
Post-Production Manuscript Revisions
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jmv/page/14603
Retractions
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jmv/page/14603
Policy - Generative AI usage key principles
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jmv/page/15748
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
About - Publisher
About - About Journal
About - Aim & Scope
About - Statistics
About - Indexes
About - Archive
About - Journal Boards
About - Contact
Ethics - Publication Ethics
Ethics - Research Ethics
Ethics - Ethical Approval, Administrative Permissions, and Data Verification
Policy - Publication Frequency of Periodicals
Policy - Duties and Responsibilities
Policy - Author Guidelines
Policy - Peer Review Process
Policy - Open Access Policy
Policy - Special and Supplemental Issue Policy
Policy - Retractions and Corrections
Policy - Conflict of Interest
Policy - Plagiarism Policy
Policy - AI & Generative AI usage key principles
Policy - Indexing and Abstracting
Policy - Copyright Policy
Policy - Price Policy
Policy - Archiving Policy
Policy - Repository Policy
Policy - Authorship
Policy - Can editors publish in their own journal?
Price Policy
* There is no fees such as submission, page, coloured figures, article processing or open-access charges.
* All articles are freely available as early online and on the day of publication on the journal’s website.
* Journal of Metaverse articles are Open Access (OA) and fully compliant with funder OA mandates; they are free to read without a subscription.
* The reviewers, editors, and other board members work on a voluntary basis without any fee. If the publisher has an opportunity, it can give awards or make payments to the editors, reviewers, and other board members.
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LANGUAGE EDITING SERVICE FEE
* The responsibility for the grammar and language of the articles in the article belongs to the authors.
* Our journal, editors, or reviewers do not provide any paid services. If there is a need for language correction and proofreading, the author can have them done by independent organizations and individuals. Our journal has no responsibility for that process.
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FAST TRACK REVIEWING
Journal of Metaverse DOES NOT support fast-track review process. Sometimes, a rapid review or publication process is requested by authors who urgently need their manuscripts published for many reasons, including graduation and promotion dates. Journal of Metaverse DOES NOT support this type of urgent reviewing and publication process because it believes that it will cause serious problems and losses in terms of ethics and quality. Therefore, these types of services, paid or free, are NOT included and supported in the Journal of Metaverse.
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Indexes
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Other Indexes
Journal Boards
Publisher
Editor in Chief
Editorial Board
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Journal of Metaverse
is indexed and abstracted by
Scopus, ESCI and DOAJ
Publisher
Izmir Academy Association
www.izmirakademi.org