IPA I ve IPA II Kapsamında Türkiye’de Sivil Toplum Sektörüne Sağlanan AB Mali Yardımının Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analizi

Öz

AB, Türkiye’nin de aralarında yer aldığı aday ülkelere önemli miktarda mali yardım sağlamaktadır. Sivil toplum sektörü, özel programlar ve diğer iş birliği girişimleri aracılığıyla AB’den yardım almaktadır. Bu çalışma, IPA I (2007-2013) ve IPA II (2014-2020) mali dönemleri arasında Türkiye’de sivil topluma sağlanan yardımın yapısında anlamlı bir değişim olup olmadığını ve varsa bu değişimin AB genişleme stratejisindeki daha geniş bir dönüşüm ile ilişkili olup olmadığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Avrupa çalışmaları, AB genişlemesinde bir yavaşlamaya ve 2010’ların ortalarından bu yana AB stratejisinde demokrasiyi teşvik etme odağından ilişkileri yönetmeye evrilen bir değişime işaret etmektedirler. Bu değişimin, aday ülkelerde demokratik yönetişimle ilişkili projelere yönelik AB desteğinde bir azalma sonucu doğurmuş olması beklenebilir. Bu makale, desteklenen projeleri amaç ve odaklarına göre sınıflandırarak, söz konusu iki mali dönemde hangi alt sektörlerin daha fazla ağırlık kazandığını tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Veri seti birincil kurumsal belgelerden elde edilmiş ve programları literatürden türetilen 4 boyuta (ekonomik, çevresel, sosyal, yönetişim) göre sınıflandırmak amacıyla sistematik bir içerik analizi yürütülmüştür. IPA I ve IPA II mali dönemleri her bir boyutta sağlanan destek düzeyi açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, IPA II kapsamında Türkiye’deki sivil toplum kuruluşlarına yönelik mali yardımda genel bir artış olmakla beraber, sosyal boyutla ilişkilendirilen genel konularda verilen desteğin, yönetişim boyutu altındaki konulara kıyasla daha yüksek düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuç, AB’nin genişleme stratejisindeki dönüşüm eğilimi ile tutarlılık göstermektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AB Mali Yardımı
• Türkiye-AB Ilişkileri
• Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları
• AB Genişleme Stratejisi
• Katılım Öncesi Mali Yardım Aracı (IPA).

A Comparative Analysis of EU Financial Assistance Toward Civil Society Sector in Türkiye Under Ipa I and Ipa II

Öz

The EU provides a considerable amount of financial assistance to candidate countries, including Türkiye. Civil society sector receives assistance from the EU both through specific programs and other partnership initiatives. This study aims to identify any meaningful change in the composition of the assistance toward civil society in Türkiye between IPA I (2007-2013) and IPA II (2014-2020) financial periods, and to determine whether the change correlates with the broader transformation in the EU’s enlargement policy. European studies point to a slowdown in EU enlargement, and in the mid-2010s, a change in the EU’s strategy from a focus on promoting democracy towards simply managing relations. It is likely that this change might have yielded such outcomes as a decrease in EU’s support to democratic governance-related projects in candidate countries. This article, based on a categorisation of the assistance projects according to aim and focus, aims to identify the sub-sectors that received more attention across the financial periods. The data set was derived from primary institutional documents, and a systematic content analysis was carried out to classify programs according to 4 dimensions which were derived from the literature, namely economic, environmental, social, governance related. Comparisons between the IPA I and II financial periods were made based on the level of support under each dimension. The findings demonstrate that, although there is an increase in financial assistance for Turkish civil society organizations under IPA II, there is a greater level of support for general concerns in the social dimension compared to political issues falling under the governance dimension. This result is consistent with the trend in changes in the EU’s enlargement strategy. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• EU financial assistance
• Türkiye-EU Relations
• Civil society organizations
• EU enlargement strategy
• Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA).

Kaynakça

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